Neuropsychological Neurology: The Neurocognitive Impairments of Neurological Disorders

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 11
Introduction......Page 13
References......Page 15
1 Cognitive function, neuropsychological evaluation, and syndromes of cognitive impairment......Page 18
References......Page 19
1.1 Attention......Page 20
1.2 General intelligence, IQ......Page 22
1.3 Memory......Page 23
References......Page 25
1.4 Language......Page 27
1.5 Perception......Page 28
References......Page 30
References......Page 31
1.7 Executive function, 'frontal function'......Page 32
References......Page 33
1.8 'Bedside' neuropsychological test instruments......Page 34
References......Page 36
1.8.1 Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)......Page 38
References......Page 39
1.8.4 Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R)......Page 40
References......Page 41
References......Page 42
1.8.10 Global Deterioration Scale (GDS)......Page 43
1.9 Normal aging......Page 44
1.10 Dementia, delirium, depression......Page 45
References......Page 46
1.11 Cortical versus subcortical dementias, thalamic dementia......Page 47
References......Page 48
1.12 Disconnection syndromes......Page 49
References......Page 50
2 Neurodegenerative disorders......Page 51
2.1 Alzheimer's disease (AD)......Page 52
Attention......Page 53
Memory......Page 54
Perception......Page 55
Presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease......Page 56
References......Page 57
2.2 Frontotemporal lobar degenerations (FTLD)......Page 61
References......Page 62
Attention......Page 63
Perception......Page 64
References......Page 65
Language......Page 66
References......Page 67
Memory......Page 68
References......Page 69
2.2.4 Frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-„17)......Page 70
References......Page 71
References......Page 72
2.2.7 Neurofibrillary tangle dementia (NTD), diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification (DNTC, Kosaka-Shibayama disease)......Page 73
2.2.9 Basophilic inclusion body disease (BIBD)......Page 74
2.3 Motor neurone disease (MND), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)......Page 75
Executive function......Page 76
References......Page 77
References......Page 79
References......Page 80
2.4 Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)......Page 81
Attention......Page 82
Language......Page 83
Treatment of neuropsychological deficits......Page 84
REFERENCES......Page 89
2.4.2 Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Steele-Richardson-Olszewski (SRO) syndrome......Page 88
2.4.3 Corticobasal degeneration (CBD)......Page 90
REFERENCES......Page 91
References......Page 92
2.4.6 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) of Guam, Lytico-Bodig, Marianas dementia......Page 93
2.5 Prion diseases......Page 94
2.5.1 Sporadic prion disease: sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD)......Page 95
2.5.2 Iatrogenic prion disease: variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), kuru......Page 96
References......Page 97
References......Page 98
2.6 Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)......Page 99
References......Page 100
3 Cerebrovascular disease: vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment......Page 102
References......Page 104
3.1 Cortical vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia (MID), post-stroke dementia......Page 105
References......Page 106
3.2 Subcortical vascular dementia, Binswanger's disease, lacunar state, subcortical ischaemic vascular disease (SIVD)......Page 107
References......Page 108
3.3.3 Thalamus......Page 109
References......Page 110
References......Page 111
3.3.8 Brainstem and cerebellum......Page 112
References......Page 113
References......Page 114
3.4.3 Superficial siderosis of the nervous system......Page 115
3.5.1 Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)......Page 116
3.5.2 Cavernous haemangiomas......Page 117
3.6.2 CADASIL......Page 118
3.6.3 Cerebral amyloid angiopathies (CAA)......Page 119
References......Page 120
3.6.7 Hereditary multi-infarct dementia of’Swedish type......Page 121
References......Page 122
References......Page 123
3.7.2 Migraine......Page 124
References......Page 125
References......Page 126
4.1 Epilepsy and cognitive impairment......Page 127
4.2 Cognitive decline and epilepsy: shared aetiology......Page 128
References......Page 129
References......Page 130
References......Page 131
4.3 Seizures causing acquired cognitive impairment......Page 132
4.3.2 Epileptic aphasia, ictal speech arrest......Page 133
4.4 Antiepileptic drug therapy causing cognitive impairment......Page 134
4.5 Treatment of cognitive problems in epilepsy......Page 135
References......Page 136
5 Neurogenetic disorders......Page 137
5.1.1 Huntington's disease (HD)......Page 138
Memory......Page 139
Executive function......Page 140
References......Page 141
5.1.2 Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)......Page 142
5.1.4 Familial Danish dementia (FDD)......Page 143
5.1.6 Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL), Nasu-Hakola disease, presenile dementia with bone cysts......Page 144
5.1.8 Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD)......Page 145
References......Page 146
5.2 Hereditary ataxias......Page 147
SCA2......Page 148
SCA17......Page 149
Friedreich's ataxia (FA)......Page 150
References......Page 151
5.3.1 SPG4......Page 152
5.4.1 Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)......Page 153
5.4.2 Neurodegeneration with brain accumulation of iron-1 (NBAI-1), Hallervorden-Spatz disease......Page 154
References......Page 155
5.4.5 Acaeruloplasminaemia......Page 156
References......Page 157
5.5.1 Mitochondrial disorders......Page 158
5.5.2 Leukodystrophies......Page 159
Alexander's disease and Rosenthal fibre encephalopathy (RFE)......Page 160
References......Page 161
Gaucher's disease......Page 163
References......Page 164
5.5.5 Haemochromatosis......Page 165
5.5.7 Polyglucosan body disease......Page 166
5.6 Hereditary neurocutaneous syndromes (phakomatoses)......Page 167
References......Page 168
6.1 Multiple sclerosis (MS)......Page 169
Neuropsychological profile......Page 0
Memory......Page 172
Executive function......Page 173
References......Page 174
6.3 Sarcoidosis......Page 177
6.4 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)......Page 178
References......Page 179
6.5 Sjögren's syndrome......Page 180
6.6 Behçet's disease......Page 181
6.8 Scleroderma, systemic sclerosis......Page 182
References......Page 183
6.10.2 Systemic vasculitides......Page 184
6.11 Sydenham's chorea, paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS)......Page 185
References......Page 186
References......Page 187
6.14 Erdheim-Chester disease......Page 188
References......Page 189
References......Page 190
References......Page 191
7.1.7 Gliomatosis cerebri......Page 192
References......Page 193
7.2.1 Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)......Page 194
References......Page 195
7.2.3 Colloid cyst, fornix lesions......Page 196
References......Page 197
References......Page 198
References......Page 199
8.1.1 Diabetes mellitus......Page 200
References......Page 201
Hypothyroidism......Page 202
8.1.3 Parathyroid disorders......Page 203
References......Page 204
References......Page 205
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency......Page 206
Pellagra......Page 207
References......Page 208
Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS)......Page 209
Carbon monoxide poisoning......Page 210
References......Page 211
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS)......Page 212
Acquired non-Wilsonian hepatocerebral degeneration......Page 213
References......Page 214
References......Page 215
9 Infective disorders......Page 216
9.1.1 Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE)......Page 217
References......Page 218
9.1.7 Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)......Page 219
References......Page 220
References......Page 221
References......Page 222
9.4.1 Neurosyphilis......Page 223
9.4.3 Neuroborreliosis (Lyme disease)......Page 224
9.4.4 Neurocysticercosis......Page 225
References......Page 226
10.1 Myotonic dystrophy (Steinert disease)......Page 227
10.2 Myasthenia gravis (MG)......Page 228
References......Page 229
Index......Page 230