Neuroproteomics as a Tool for Understanding Schizophrenia: A Tool for Understanding Schizophrenia

Preface
Contents
Postmortem Brains: What Can Proteomics Tell us About the Sources of Schizophrenia?
	1	 Schizophrenia: Multifactorial Disorders Require Multifaceted Approaches
	2	 Proteomics and Postmortem Tissue: News About This Ideal Union
	3	 Bioinformatics: New Roads, New Perspectives
	4	 Knowledge: Sharing and Multiplying
	5	 Far Away from Conclusions
	References
What Can We Learn from Animal Models to Study Schizophrenia?
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Pharmacological Models
	3	 Neurodevelopmental Models
		3.1	 The Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) Model
		3.2	 The Methylazoxymethanol Acetate (MAM) Model
	4	 Models Based on Myelin-Related Abnormalities: The Cuprizone Model
	5	 Genetic Models
	6	 Concluding Remarks
	References
Modeling Schizophrenia In Vitro: Challenges and Insights on Studying Brain Cells
	1	 Introduction
	2	 2D and 3D Cell Models of Schizophrenia
		2.1	 Neuronal Cell Lines
		2.2	 Non-Neuronal Cell Lines
		2.3	 Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs)
			2.3.1	 Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs)
			2.3.2	 hiPSC-Derived Neurons
			2.3.3	 Glial Cells
		2.4	 Three-Dimensional Models
			2.4.1	 Neurospheres
			2.4.2	 Organoids
	3	 Advantages and Limitations of in Vitro Models to Study Schizophrenia
	4	 Concluding Remarks
	References
Schizophrenia Outside the Brain
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Schizophrenia as a Systemic Disorder
	3	 The Musculoskeletal System
	4	 Immune System and Inflammation
	5	 Metabolic Syndrome in First-Episode Drug-Naïve Patients
	6	 Drugs and Side Effects Outside the Brain
		6.1	 First-Generation Antipsychotics
		6.2	 Second-Generation Antipsychotics
	7	 Conclusion and Final Remarks
	References
Molecular Features Triggered by Antipsychotic Medication in Brain Cells
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms Affected by APDs
	3	 Cellular Receptors Targeted by APDs
	4	 APDs and Brain Cells
	5	 Novel Potential Antipsychotics
	6	 Concluding Remarks
	References
Known and Unexplored Post-Translational Modification Pathways in Schizophrenia
	1	 Protein Modifications in Humans
	2	 Investigating Post-Translational Modifications
	3	 2-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis
	4	 Ion- and Antibody-Based Enrichment
	5	 Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
	6	 PTMs in Schizophrenia
		6.1	 The Hypotheses of Schizophrenia
		6.2	 Differentially Expressed PTMs in Schizophrenia
		6.3	 Cell and Animal Models
		6.4	 Postmortem Brain Tissue
		6.5	 Biological Fluids
	7	 Uninvestigated Modified Proteins and Pathways
	8	 Future Directions and Conclusion
	References
Molecular Findings Guiding the Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System as a Potential Target to Treat Schizophrenia
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Endocannabinoid System in Neurodevelopment, Synaptic Plasticity, and Brain Energy Metabolism
		2.1	 Neurodevelopment
		2.2	 Synaptic Plasticity
		2.3	 Brain Energy Metabolism
	3	 Cannabis Use, the Endocannabinoid System, and Schizophrenia
	4	 Endocannabinoid System Modulation and Schizophrenia
		4.1	 Evidence from In Vitro Studies
		4.2	 Evidence from Animal Models
	5	 Concluding Remarks
	References
Metabolomics: A Powerful Tool to Understand the Schizophrenia Biology
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Metabolomics: Definitions and Related Analytical Techniques
	3	 Metabolomic Workflow, from Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics
	4	 Metabolomics Applied to Schizophrenia Studies
		4.1	 The Biology Behind Schizophrenia Metabolomics
		4.2	 Hypotheses Generated from SCZ Metabolomic Studies
	5	 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Modulating Specific Pathways In Vitro to Understand the Synaptic Dysfunction of Schizophrenia
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Stem Cells
	3	 shRNA/siRNA
	4	 CRISPR/CAS 9
	5	 Final Remarks
	References
Proteomics and Schizophrenia: The Evolution of a Great Partnership
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Evolution of Mass Spectrometers for Proteomics
	3	 Advantages and Disadvantages of Acquisition Modes for Proteomics
	4	 Proteomics and Schizophrenia Research Evolving Together
	5	 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Proteomics
	6	 Conclusions
	References
Index