Neuromodulation for Facial Pain

Cover
Contents
Preface
Classification of Facial Pain: A Clinician’s Perspective
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Classification Strategies
	Facial Pain Syndromes
	Headache Syndromes
	Non-Specific Pain Syndromes
	Facial Pain and Neuromodulation
	Conclusion
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Anatomy of Trigeminal Neuromodulation Targets: From Periphery to the Brain
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Trigeminal Anatomy
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulationfor Facial Pain
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Procedural Overview of TENS
	Contraindications for TENS Use for Facial Pain
	Methods
	TENS for Facial Pain
	Conclusions
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulationfor Facial Pain
	Abstract
	Nomenclature of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
	PENS Therapy
	Mechanism of Action
	PENS for Facial Pain
	Technical Nuances
	Results and Discussion
	Conclusion
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	References
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Facial Pain Using Conventional Devices: Indications and Results
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Patient Selection
	Technique
	Results
	Conclusion
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	References
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Facial Pain Using Conventional Devices: Technique and Complication Avoidance
	Abstract
	History and Background
	Surgical Technique
	Trial Procedure
	Permanent Implant
	Conclusions
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	References
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Facial Pain Using Wireless Devices
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Traditional PNS for Craniofacial Pain: Evidence and Limitations
	Wireless PNS for Craniofacial Pain
	Technical Nuances of Wireless PNS Systems
	Clinical Evaluation of Wireless Craniofacial PNS
	Conclusion
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
High-Frequency Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Craniofacial Pain
	Abstract
	Neuromodulation for Craniofacial Pain
	Why kHz Neuromodulation?
	Possible Neurophysiology of kHz Nerve Stimulation
	Craniofacial Neuromodulation at kHz Frequencies: Case Reports
	The Way Forward
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Gasserian Ganglion Stimulation for Facial Pain
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Why GG?
	Mechanism of Pain Relief in GGS
	Patient Selection for GGS
	Efficacy of Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Facial Pain
	Adverse Effects
	Conclusions
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation for Chronic Headache Syndromes
	Abstract
	Introduction
	PulsanteTM SPG Microstimulator System
	Cluster Headache
	Migraine
	Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain
	Other Pain Syndromes
	Safety of SPG Stimulation
	Conclusions
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Treatment of Facial Pain
	Abstract
	Introduction
	What Is tDCS and How Can It Be Applied?
	tDCS in the Treatment of Chronic Pain Conditions
	tDCS in the Treatment of Chronic Facial Pain
	Conclusions and Outlook
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	References
Transcranial Neurostimulation (rTMS, tDCS)in the Treatment of Chronic Orofacial Pain
	Abstract
	Orofacial Pain
	Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Chronic Orofacial Pain
	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Treatment of Orofacial Pain
	Conclusions and Recommendations
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation for Facial Pain
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Anatomy
	Classification of Pain
	SCS Technique
	SCS for Facial Pain
	Conclusion
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Deep Brain Stimulation for Facial Pain
	Abstract
	Scientific Rationale
	History of DBS for Facial Pain
	Patient Selection and Indications
	Anatomical and Functional Targets
	Surgical Techniques
	Safety
	DBS Programming Parameters
	Future Directions and Conclusions
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Motor Cortex Stimulation for Facial Pain
	Abstract
	History
	Pathophysiology
	Patient Selection
	Procedure
	MCS Studies
	Conclusion
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Neurosurgical Management of Cancer Facial Pain
	Abstract
	The Facial Pain Pathway
	Types of Pain
	Therapeutic Options Classified by Treatment Modality and Target
	Neuro-Augmentative Interventions
	Conclusion
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	Author Contributions
	References
Targeted Drug Delivery (Intrathecal andIntracranial) for Treatment of Facial Pain
	Abstract
	Introduction
	History
	Incidence of Head Pain
	Purpose of Targeted Drug Delivery for Head Pain
	Indications
	Clinical Features
	Conclusion
	Conflict of Interest Statement
	Funding Sources
	References
Author Index
Subject Index
Cover