Neuroglia

0195152220......Page 1
Contents......Page 10
I: MORPHOLOGY......Page 24
1. Morphology of astrocytes......Page 26
2. The morphology and ultrastructure of oligodendrocytes and their functional implications......Page 46
3. Basic biology of the Schwann cell......Page 67
4. Ependymoglia and ependymoglia-like cells......Page 81
5. Microglial cells......Page 108
6. Morphology of nonmammalian glial cells: functional implications......Page 120
II: LINEAGE......Page 140
7. Methods of studying glial cell lineage......Page 142
8. The origins and lineages of macroglial cells......Page 158
9. In vitro studies of the development, maintenance and regeneration of the oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (O-2A) lineage in the adult central nervous system......Page 172
10. Development of microglia......Page 185
III: PHYSIOLOGY......Page 206
11. Potassium channels......Page 208
12. Voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels......Page 225
13. Distribution and transport of chloride and bicarbonate ions across membranes......Page 244
14. pH regulation......Page 253
15. Transport of neuroactive amino acids in astrocytes......Page 269
16. Na,K-ATPase and its isoforms......Page 282
17. Modulation and control of intracellular calcium......Page 296
18. Modulation of glial potassium, sodium, and chloride activities by the extracellular milieu......Page 312
19. Gap junctions......Page 322
20. Electrophysiology of mammalian glial cells in situ......Page 342
IV: RECEPTORS......Page 356
21. Gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate receptors......Page 358
22. Acetylcholine and serotonin receptor activation......Page 369
23. Astroglial adrenergic receptors: expression and function......Page 377
24. Peptide receptors on astrocytes......Page 390
25. Eicosanoid, purine, and hormone receptors......Page 400
V: MECHANISMS OF CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION......Page 408
26. Extracellular space as the pathway for neuron-glial cell interaction......Page 410
27. Functional significance of glial-derived matrix during development and regeneration......Page 421
28. Tenascin and janusin: glial recognition molecules involved in neural development and regeneration......Page 434
29. Growth factors and their receptors in the peripheral nervous system......Page 450
30. Growth factors and their receptors in the central nervous system......Page 464
31. Effects of nerve impulses on glial membranes......Page 483
VI: MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS......Page 494
32. Energy metabolism......Page 496
33. Glia-specific enzyme systems......Page 511
34. Second-messenger systems......Page 523
35. Early-response gene expression in glial cells......Page 533
36. Lipid metabolism......Page 546
VII: MYELIN......Page 556
37. Biochemistry of myelin proteins and enzymes......Page 558
38. Molecular biology of myelination......Page 578
39. Neurological mouse mutants: a molecular-genetic analysis of myelin proteins......Page 594
40. Axoglial interactions at the cellular and molecular levels in central nervous system myelinated fibers......Page 610
VIII: MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS......Page 634
41. Glial membranes and axoglial junctions......Page 636
42. Cytoskeletal organization of myelinating Schwann cells......Page 657
43. Intermediate filaments in astrocytes......Page 673
IX: GLIA AS PART OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM......Page 692
44. Microglia and neuronal dysfunction......Page 694
45. Antigen presentation by central nervous system glia......Page 708
46. Cytokine production......Page 723
X: NEURON-GLIAL CELL INTERACTIONS......Page 738
47. Glial cell regulation of extracellular potassium......Page 740
48. The role of glia in the inactivation of neurotransmitters......Page 755
49. Radial glial cells: scaffolding for brain construction......Page 769
50. Formation of the blood-brain barrier......Page 786
51. Schwann cell functions in saltatory conduction......Page 800
52. Glial cells and the supply of substrates of energy metabolism to neurons......Page 816
53. Glial cells and activity-dependent central nervous system plasticity......Page 828
54. Release of neuroactive amino acids from glia......Page 838
XI: ROLE OF GLIA IN INJURY AND REGENERATION......Page 850
55. Glial cells and regeneration in the peripheral nervous system......Page 852
56. Gliosis......Page 866
57. Oligodendrocyte inhibition of nerve fiber growth and regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system......Page 882
58. Transplantation of glial cells......Page 892
59. Microglia in experimental neuropathology......Page 906
60. Glial cells and axonal regeneration in the central nervous system......Page 928
XII: GLIA AND DISEASE......Page 940
61. Brain edema......Page 942
62. Epilepsy......Page 959
63. Hepatic encephalopathy......Page 973
64. Glial response to brain ischemia......Page 987
65. Idiopathic and 1-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-Induced Parkinsonism......Page 1000
66. Inherited disorders of myelination of the central nervous system......Page 1013
67. Viral infections of neuroglial cells......Page 1033
68. Alzheimer's disease......Page 1050
69. Gliomas......Page 1067
A......Page 1088
C......Page 1090
E......Page 1091
G......Page 1092
I......Page 1094
M......Page 1095
N......Page 1097
P......Page 1098
Q......Page 1099
S......Page 1100
T......Page 1101
Z......Page 1102