Neurobiology of Disease

Cover
Neurobiology of Disease
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Section I Movement Disorders
	1. History of Parkinsonism
	2. Parkinson Disease: Pathophysiology, Genetics, Clinical Manifestations, and Course including Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
	3. Parkinson Disease: Current Treatments and Promising Clinical Trials
	4. Multiple System Atrophy
	5. Parkinson Syndromes: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
	6. Parkinson Syndromes: Corticobasal Syndrome
	7. Huntington Disease: Etiology, Genetics, and Clinical Manifestations
	8. Huntington Disease: Treatment and Current Clinical Trials
	9. Essential Tremor
	10. The Neurobiology of Dystonia
	11. Dystonia: Definition, Clinical classification, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Evaluation, and Current Treatment
	12. Paroxysmal Dyskinesias and Other Paroxysmal Movement Disorders
	13. The Expanded Polyglutamine Tract Spinocerebellar Ataxias
	14. Ataxias: Autosomal Recessive and other Ataxias
Section II Dementias
	15. Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathology and Pathogenesis
	16. Alzheimer’s Disease: Clinical Manifestations
	17. Alzheimer’s Disease: Management and Treatment
	18. Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
	19. Diagnosis and Therapy for Lewy Body Dementia
	20. Pathogenesis of Lewy Body Dementia
	21. Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Section III Motorneuron Diseases
	22. Types of Motor Neuron Diseases
	23. Clinical Presentations, Diagnostic Criteria, and Lab Testing
	24. Symptomatic Management in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
	25. Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
	26. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Pathogenesis
	27. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from Genetics
	28. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Disease Models
	29. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Neuropathology
	30. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical Trials: Past Reflections Informing New Directions
	31. Upper Motor Neuron Disorders: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Primary Lateral Sclerosis
	32. Upper Motor Neuron Disorders Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Primary Lateral Sclerosis: Clinical Trials, Pathology, Insights from Genetics and Pathogenesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Disease Models
	33. Spinal Muscular Atrophy
	34. Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Insights from Genetics
	35. In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Section IV Paroxysmal Disorders
	36. Biological Basis of Primary Generalized Epilepsies: Genetics
	37. Biological Basis of Primary Generalized Epilepsies: ​Pathophysiology
	38. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
	39. Focal Cortical Dysplasias
	40. Biological Bases of Symptomatic Generalized Epilepsies in Children
	41. Epilepsies That Occur Predominantly  in Girls
	42. Epidemiology of Epilepsy: Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors
	43. Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Course: ​Epilepsy Syndromes with Focal Seizures
	44. Medical Management of Epilepsy
	45. Neuroimaging of Epilepsy
	46. Alternative Therapies for Epilepsy: Dietary Treatments
	47. Migraine and Other Headache Disorders
	48. Neurobiology of Migraine
Section V Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Disorders
	49. Overview of Autism and Intellectual Disabilities
	50. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Pediatric Aspects
	51. Neurofibromatosis Type 1
	52. Neurobiology of Autism and Intellectual Disability: Fragile X Syndrome
	53. Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: PTEN Gene Mutation
	54. Rett Syndrome
	55. Angelman Syndrome
	56. Down Syndrome
	57. Coffin-​Lowry Syndrome
	58. Congenital Hypothyroidism
	59. Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disorders
	60. Attention Deficit-​Hyperactivity Disorder
	61. Diseases of Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism
	62. Methylmalonic Acidemia
	63. The Urea Cycle Disorders
	64. Phenylketonuria
	65. Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Disorders
	66. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
	67. Glutaric Aciduria Type I
	68. Lysosomal Storage Disorders
	69. Peroxisomal Disorders
	70. Leukodystrophies
	71. Cerebral Palsy
	72. Neonatal Brain Injuries
	73. The Neurobiology of Encephalopathy of Prematurity
	74. Epilepsy Syndromes in Childhood
	75. Migraine and Headache in Children
	76. Congenital Hydrocephalus
	77. Spina Bifida and Related Conditions
	78. Smith-​Lemli-​Opitz Syndrome
	79. Sickle Cell Anemia
Section VI Neuroimmunological Diseases
	80. The Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: An Historical Perspective
	81. Multiple Sclerosis: Pathology
	82. Multiple Sclerosis: MRI and Other Imaging Approaches in MS
	83. Multiple Sclerosis: White Matter versus Gray Matter Involvement (The Cause of Disability in MS)
	84. Multiple Sclerosis: Monitoring Disease Activity and Progression
	85. Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis
	86. Exercise and Multiple Sclerosis
	87. Multiple Sclerosis: Disease-​Modifying Therapies
	88. Neuromyelitis Optica
	89. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
	90. Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders
	91. Anti-​N-​Methyl-​D-​Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
	92. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS: Anti-​GAD Associated Neurological Disorders—​Stiff-​Person Syndrome, Cerebellar Ataxia, Progressive Encephalopathy with Rigidity and Myoclonus, and Encephalitis
	93. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS: Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy
	94. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS: Neuro-​Behçet’s Syndrome
	95. Poststreptococcal Movement Disorders
	96. Rasmussen Encephalitis
	97. Autoimmune Encephalitis
	98. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System: Myasthenia Gravis
	99. Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System
Section VII Cerebrovascular Diseases
	100. Stroke Epidemiology and Impact:  Mortality, Incidence, Prevalence, Stroke Subtypes, Sex, Race/​Ethnicity, Geography U.S. and World
	101. Acute Ischemic Stroke
	102. Neuroimaging of Acute Stroke
	103. Common Risk Factors for Stroke and Medical Prevention Therapies
	104. Surgical and Radiologic Intervention for Prevention of Ischemic Stroke
	105. Unusual Causes of Stroke
	106. Pediatric Stroke
	107. Vascular Biology of Cerebral Ischemia
	108. Intracerebral Hemorrhage
	109. The Natural History of Cerebral Aneurysms
	110. Genetic Disorders and Stroke
	111. Targets for Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke
	112. Sturge-​Weber Syndrome and Related Cerebrovascular Malformation Syndromes
Section VIII Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System Disorders and Pain
	113. Neuropathies Associated with Infection or Toxic Exposure
	114. Mechanisms Contributing to the Development and Progression of Diabetic Polyneuropathy
	115. Diabetic and Prediabetic Neuropathy
	116. Anatomy, Localization, and Pattern Recognition of Peripheral Neuropathy
	117. Drug Discovery and Neuropathic Pain
	118. Autonomic Neuropathies
	119. Animal Models of Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain
	120. Diagnostic and Clinical Scales for Peripheral Neuropathy
	121. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
	122. Entrapment Neuropathies
	123. Demyelinating Neuropathies
	124. Immune-​Mediated Neuropathies
	125. Radiculopathy and Plexopathy
Section IX Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Diseases
	126. Infiltrative Astrocytomas: WHO grade II— ​Diffuse Astrocytoma; WHO grade III—​Anaplastic Astrocytoma
	127. Primary and Secondary Glioblastoma: WHO Grade IV Astrocytoma
	128. Oligodendrogliomas
	129. Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: Ependymomas
	130. Meningomas
	131. Pineal Region Neoplasms
	132. Pituitary Tumors
	133. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
	134. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Neurofibromatosis Type 1
	135. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Neurofibromatosis Type-​2
	136. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Tuberous Sclerosis
	137. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Von Hippel-​Lindau Disease
	138. Pontine Gliomas
	139. Medulloblastoma
	140. Pediatric Brain Tumors: Cerebellar Astrocytomas
	141. Brain Metastases
	142. Overview: Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS
	143. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy
Section X Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System
	144. Acute Bacterial Meningitis
	145. Cerebrospinal Fluid
	146. History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Nervous System
	147. HIV-​Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
	148. HIV Infection: Opportunistic Infections in HIV-​Infected Individuals
	149. Varicella Zoster Virus Infection of the Nervous System
	150. Brain Abscess
	151. Spinal and Intracranial Epidural Abscess, and Subdural Empyema
	152. Spinal Epidural Abscess
	153. Neurobiology of Transverse Myelitis and Infectious Myelopathies
	154. Central Nervous System Tuberculosis
	155. Rabies
	156. Disorders Caused by Botulinum Toxin and Tetanus Toxin
	157. Rickettsial Diseases
	158. Ehrlichiosis
	159. Nervous System Lyme Disease
	160. Congenital and Perinatal Viral Infections
	161. Neurological Manifestations of the Human T-​lymphotropic Virus Type 1
	162. Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System
	163. Malaria
	164. Babesiosis
	165. Amoebic Infections of the Central Nervous System
	166. Prion Diseases
	167. Neurological Complications of Infective Endocarditis
	168. Postinfectious Encephalitis
	169. Central Nervous System Whipple Disease
	170. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Section XI Sleep Disturbances
	171. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
	172. Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
	173. The Neurobiology of Insomnia
	174. Sleep Apnea
	175. Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythms Disorders
Section XII Substance Abuse and Toxicological Disorders
	176. Neurologic Manifestations of Organic Chemicals
	177. Neural Mechanisms of Addiction
	178. Neurological Effects of Marine Toxins
	179. Neurobiology of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
	180. Fetal Exposure to Tobacco and Cannabis
	181. Neurobiology of Child Maltreatment and Psychological Trauma
	182. Neurobiology of Intrauterine Opiate and Cocaine Exposure
Section XIII Neurologic Manifestations of Medical Disorders
	183. Electrolyte Disturbances
	184. Nutritional Deficiencies
	185. Alcohol Abuse
	186. Thyroid Disease
	187. Parathyroid, Adrenal, Gonadal, and Pituitary Disease
	188. Cardiac Disease
	189. Neurobiology of Brain Injury after Cardiac Arrest
	190. Neurological Manifestations of Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Diseases
	191. Neurological Manifestations of Renal Disease
	192. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
	193. Neurologic Manifestations of Hematological Disease
Index