Neuroanatomy of the Mouse: An Introduction

Preface
	References
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Authors
1: Rodent Taxonomic and Biological Data
	1.1	 General Remarks
	1.2	 The Mouse/Mouse Breeding
	1.3	 Basic Biological Features of Rodents
	1.4	 Mouse Atlas Books
	1.5	 Transgenic and Knockout Mice
	1.6	 The Rat
	References
2: Basic Neurohistology
	2.1	 Basic Neurohistology
	2.2	 The Neuron
	2.3	 Glia
		2.3.1	 The Astrocytes
		2.3.2	 The Myelin Sheath-Forming Cells
		2.3.3	 The Oligodendrocytes
		2.3.4	 The Schwann Cells
		2.3.5	 The Microglia/Lymphatic System
	2.4	 The Ependyma
	2.5	 The Choroid Plexus
	2.6	 The Blood Vessels of the CNS (See Also 7 Chap. 15)
	References
3: Rodent Basic Neuroanatomy/Coverings of the CNS/Cerebrospinal Fluid System
	3.1	 The Major Subdivisions of the Mouse Brain
	3.2	 Essentials of Anatomic Terminology
	3.3	 The Cerebrospinal Fluid System
	3.4	 Coverings of the Mouse Brain
	3.5	 Axes of the Murine (Vertebrate) Body
	3.6	 Principles of Stereotaxy
	References
4: Macroscopic Anatomy of the Mouse Brain
	4.1	 Introduction
	4.2	 Terminology Used
	4.3	 Coronal Vibratome Series
	Reference
5: The Mouse Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis)
	5.1	 General Appearance and Organization of the Mouse Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord
	5.2	 Developmental Aspects of the  Spinal Cord
	5.3	 Internal Organization of the Spinal Cord: Gray Matter
		5.3.1	 Neurons of the Spinal Cord
	5.4	 Internal Organization of the Spinal Cord: White Matter
		5.4.1	 Fiber Tracts
			5.4.1.1	 Tract Tracing
			5.4.1.2	 Current Knowledge about Murine Spinal Fiber Tracts
	5.5	 Comparative Anatomy of the Mouse Spinal Cord
	References
6: The Mouse Brainstem (Truncus encephali)
	6.1	 Developmental Aspects of the Brainstem (Truncus encephali)
	6.2	 General Considerations
	6.3	 The Rhombomeres of the Brainstem
		6.3.1 Rhombomere 11 Rhombic Lip r11/Alar r11/Basal r11
			6.3.1.1 Rhombic lip r11 (Rhombic: ỏ ρόμβος [ho Rhombos] Greek = Rhomboid)
				Precerebellar Nuclei r11 [Nuclei precerebellares]
				Intercalated Nucleus of the Medulla/Intercalated Nucleus [Ncl. intercalatus]
			6.3.1.2 Alar r11
				Monoamine Nuclei r11
				A2 Noradrenaline Cells r11
				C1 Adrenaline Cells r11
				Trigeminal Sensory Nuclei r11
				Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus/Spinal Nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve (Subdivided in Caudal, Interpolar, and Oral Part) [Ncl. spinalis n. trigemini] r11
				Paratrigeminal Nucleus r11 [Ncl. paratrigeminalis]
				Dorsal Column Nuclei r11
				Cuneate Nucleus r11 [Ncl. cuneatus]/Gracile Nucleus [Ncl. gracilis]
				Median Accessory Nucleus of the Medulla r11 [Ncl. medianus accessorius medullae]
				Solitary Nucleus/Ncll. of Solitary Tract r11 [Ncll. tractus solitarii] (NTS)
				Alar Tegmentum r11
			6.3.1.3 Basal r11
				Branchial Motor Nuclei (Branchiae Latin = Gills)
				Retroambiguus Nucleus r11 [Ncl. retroambiguus]
				Accessory Nerve Nucleus/Ncl. of Accessory Nerve r11 [Ncl. n. accessorii]
				Reticular Nuclei r11 [Ncll. reticulares]
				Intermediate Reticular Nucleus/Zone r11 [Zona reticularis intermedia]
				Rostral Ventral Respiratory Group r11 [Centrum respiratorium ventrale rostrale]
				Central Cervical Nucleus of the Spinal Cord/Central Cervical Nucleus [Ncl. cervicalis centralis]
				Medullary Reticular Nucleus [Ncl. reticularis medullaris]
		6.3.2 Rhombomere 10: Rhombic Lip r10/Alar r10/Basal r10
			6.3.2.1 Rhombic Lip r10
				Precerebellar Nuclei r10
			6.3.2.2 Alar r10
			6.3.2.3 Basal r10
				Somatic Motor Nuclei
				Hypoglossal Nucleus/Ncl. of Hypoglossal Nerve r10 [Ncl. n. hypoglossi]
				Branchial Motor Nuclei r10
				Raphe Nuclei r10 [Nuclei raphes]
				Reticular Nuclei r10
		6.3.3 Rhombomere 9: Roof Plate r9/Rhombic Lip r9/Alar r9/Basal r9
			6.3.3.1 Roof Plate r9
				Area Postrema [Area postrema]
			6.3.3.2 Rhombic Lip r9
			6.3.3.3 Alar r9
			6.3.3.4 Basal r9
				Branchial Motor Nuclei r9
				Raphe Nuclei r9
				Reticular Nuclei r9
		6.3.4 Rhombomere 8: Roof Plate r8/Rhombic Lip r8/Alar r8/Basal r8
			6.3.4.1 Roof Plate r8
			6.3.4.2 Rhombic Lip r8
				Precerebellar Nuclei r8
			6.3.4.3 Alar r8
				Dorsomedial Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus/Dorsomedial Spinal Nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve r8 [Ncl. spinalis n. trigemini dorsomedialis]
				Intermedius Nucleus of the Medulla r8 [Ncl. intermedius medullae]
			6.3.4.4 Basal r8
				Reticular Nuclei r8
				Parvicellular Reticular Nucleus (PCRt) [Ncl. reticularis parvocellularis]
				Caudoventrolateral Reticular Nucleus [Ncl. reticularis caudalis ventrolateralis]
		6.3.5 Rhombomere 7: Rhombic lip r7/ Alar r7/Basal r7
			6.3.5.1 Rhombic lip r7
			6.3.5.2 Alar r7
				Vestibular Nuclei r7
			6.3.5.3 Basal r7
				Branchial Motor Nuclei r7
				Visceral Motor Nuclei r7
				Raphe nuclei r7
				Basal Tegmentum r7
				Reticular nuclei r7
		6.3.6 Rhombomere 6: Alar r6/Basal r6
			6.3.6.1 Alar r6
				Cochlear/Auditory Nuclei r6 [Ncll. acustici]
				Interstitial Nucleus of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve [Ncl. interstitialis n. vestibulocochlearis]
				Monoamine Nuclei r6
			6.3.6.2 Basal r6
				Facial Motor Nuclei
				Perifacial Zone r6
				Basal tegmental nuclei r6
				Reticular Nuclei r6
				Parapyramidal Nucleus r6 [Ncl. parapyramidalis]
		6.3.7 Rhombomere 5: Alar r5/Basal r5
			6.3.7.1 Alar r5
				Superior Olive Nuclei/Superior Olivary Complex r5 [Complexus olivaris superior] [. Figs. 6.34 and 6.35]
				Central Gray r5
				Supragenual Nucleus [Ncl. supragenualis]
			6.3.7.2 Basal r5
				Somatic Motor Nuclei r5
				Branchial Motor Nuclei r5
		6.3.8 Rhombomere 4: Rhombic lip r4/Alar r4/Basal r4
			6.3.8.1 Rhombic Lip r4
				Precerebellar nuclei r4
				Pontine Nuclei [Nuclei pontis]
			6.3.8.2 Alar r4
				Vestibular Nuclei
				Lateral Lemniscus [Lemniscus lateralis]
			6.3.8.3 Basal r4
				Pontine Raphe Nucleus (PnR) [Ncl. raphes pontis]
		6.3.9 Rhombomere 3: Rhombic Lip r3/Alar r3/Basal r3
			6.3.9.1 Rhombic lip r3
			6.3.9.2 Alar r3
				Cochlear Nuclei r3
				Vestibular Nuclei r3
				Monoamine Nuclei r3
			6.3.9.3 Basal r3
				Motor Trigeminal Complex r3
				Raphe Nucleus r3
		6.3.10 Rhombomere 2: Rhombic Lip r2/Alar r2/Basal r2/Floor Plate r2
			6.3.10.1 Rhombic Lip r2
			6.3.10.2 Alar r2
				Trigeminal Sensory Nuclei r2
				Monoamine Nuclei r2
				Subcaerulean Nucleus [Ncl. subcaeruleus]
				Perilemniscal Nucleus, Ventral Part [Ncl. perilemniscalis, pars ventralis]
			6.3.10.3 Basal r2
				Interpeduncular Nuclei r2 [Nucleus interpeduncularis]
				Barrington’s Nucleus/Nucleus of Barrington r2 (Pontine Micturition Center) [Centrum micturitionis, Regio M]
			6.3.10.4 Floor Plate r2
				Interpeduncular Fossa [Fossa interpeduncularis]
		6.3.11 Rhombomere 1: Rhombic Lip r1/Alar r1/Basal r1/Floor Plate r1
			6.3.11.1 Rhombic lip r1
			6.3.11.2 Alar r1
				Monoamine Nuclei r1
				Alar Cholinergic Nuclei r1
				Parabrachial Nuclei r1 [Ncll. parabrachiales]
				Lateral Lemniscus Nuclei r1 [Nuclei lemnisci lateralis]
				Trigeminal Sensory Nuclei r1
				Central Gray
			6.3.11.3 Basal r1
				Basal Tegmental Nuclei r1
				Posterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus [Ncl. tegmentalis posterodorsalis]
				Anterior/Ventral Tegmental Nucleus [Ncl. tegmentalis anterior/ventralis, Ncl. of von Gudden]
				Dorsomedial Tegmental Area [Area tegmentalis dorsomedialis]
				Rhabdoid Nucleus [Ncl. rhabdoideus]
				Subpeduncular Tegmental Nucleus [Ncl. tegmentalis subpeduncularis]
				Retrorubral Nucleus A8
				Raphe Nuclei r1
			6.3.11.4 Floor Plate r1
		6.3.12 Isthmus, Isthmus Roof Plate/ Isthmus Rhombic Lip/Isthmus Alar/Basal Isthmus/Isthmus Floor Plate
			6.3.12.1 Isthmus Roof Plate
				Superior Medullary Velum [Velum medullare superius]
			6.3.12.2 Isthmus Rhombic Lip
			6.3.12.3 Isthmus Alar
				Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus [Nuclei lemnisci lateralis dorsalis]
				Microcellular Tegmental Nucleus [Ncl. tegmentalis microcellularis]
				Paralemniscal Nucleus [Ncl. paralemniscalis]
			6.3.12.4 Basal Isthmus
				Retrorubral Field/DAergic Cells in Retrorubral Area [Cellulae dopaminergicae retrorubrales]
				Isthmus Trochlear Complex
				Isthmus Raphe Nuclei
				Isthmus Interpeduncular Nuclei
			6.3.12.5 Isthmus Floor Plate
				Paranigral Nucleus of the VTA (Ventral Tegmental Area)/Paranigral Nucleus] [Ncl. paranigralis]
		6.3.13 Mesencephalon m1/m2
			6.3.13.1 Alar Mesencephalon
				Superior Colliculus (SC) [Colliculus superior]
				Inferior Colliculus (IC) [Colliculus inferior]
			6.3.13.2 Liminal Midbrain
				Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray/Periaqueductal Gray Substance [Substantia nigra periaqueductalis]
			6.3.13.3 Mesencephalic Basal Plate
			6.3.13.4 Basal Tegmentum
				Pararubral Nucleus [Ncl. pararubralis]
				Mesencephalic Reticular Formation [Formatio reticularis mesencephali]
				Red Nucleus/Red Nucleus, Magnocellular Part (RMC) [Ncl. ruber]
			6.3.13.5 Pre-isthmus Midbrain
				Sagulum/Sagulum Nucleus [Ncl. saguli] (Sagulum = Small Military Cloak)
				Precuneiform Area (Syn. Subcuneiform Nucleus) [Area precuneiformis]
				Tectal Gray Group
			6.3.13.6 Mesencephalic Floor Plate
				Ventral Tegmental Nuclei
		6.3.14 Prosomere 1 (Pretectum)
	References
7: The Mouse Cerebellum
	7.1	 General Remarks
	7.2	 General Developmental Aspects
	7.3	 General Appearance and Organization of the Cerebellum
	7.4	 Connectivity and Neuronal Organization of the Cerebellum
	7.5	 Extrinsic Connectivity of the Cerebellum
		7.5.1	 The Climbing Fiber System and the Inferior Olivary Complex [Complexus olivaris inferior]
		7.5.2	 The Mossy Fiber System and the Precerebellar Nuclei
	7.6	 Intrinsic Connectivity of the Cerebellum
		7.6.1	 Granule Cells
		7.6.2	 Golgi Cells
		7.6.3	 Lugaro Cells
		7.6.4	 Basket and Stellate Cells
		7.6.5	 Unipolar Brush Cells
	7.7	 Cerebellar Nuclei
	7.8	 Basic Comparative Anatomy of the Cerebellum
	References
8: The Mouse Thalamus
	8.1 General Remarks
	8.2 General Developmental Aspects
	8.3 General Appearance and Organization of the Thalamus
	8.4 Terminology of the Thalamic Nuclei
	8.5 The Thalamus
		8.5.1 Dorsal Tier
			8.5.1.1 Dorsal Tier Midline (and Intralaminar) Group
				Central Medial Thalamic Nucleus (CM) [Ncl. centralis medialis] (. Figs. 8.5 and 8.6)
				Interanteromedial Thalamic Nucleus (IAM)
				Intermediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus (IMD)
				Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus (PV) [Ncl. paraventricularis thalami]
				Paraxiphoid Nucleus of Thalamus (Paxi) [Ncl. paraxiphoideus thalami]
				Posteromedian Thalamic Nucleus (PoMn) [Ncl. posteromedianus thalami]
				Reuniens Thalamic Nucleus (Re)/Medioventral ncl. [Ncl. medioventralis]/Xiphoid Thalamic Nucleus (Xi) [Ncl. xiphoideus thalami]
				Rhomboid Thalamic Nucleus (Rh) [Ncl. rhomboideus thalami]
			8.5.1.2 Dorsal Tier Medial Group (. Table 8.2)
				Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus (MD) [Ncl. mediodorsalis thalami]
				Paratenial Thalamic Nucleus [Ncl. parataenialis] (PT)
			8.5.1.3 Dorsal Tier Intralaminar-Parafascicular Group (. Table 8.3)
				Angular Thalamic Nucleus (AngT)
				Centrolateral Thalamic Nucleus [Ncl. centralis lateralis] (CL)
				Oval Paracentral Thalamic Nucleus (OPC)
				Paracentral Thalamic Nucleus [Ncl. paracentralis] (PC)
				Parafascicular Thalamic Nucleus [Ncl. ­parafascicularis] (PF) (. Figs. 8.8 and 8.9)
			8.5.1.4 Dorsal Tier Anterior Group (. Table 8.4, . Figs. 8.6 and 8.7)
				Anterodorsal Thalamic Nucleus (AD) [Nucleus anterodorsalis]
				Anteromedial Thalamic Nucleus (AM) [Nucleus anteromedialis] (. Fig. 8.6)
				Anteroventral Thalamic Nucleus (AV) [Nucleus anteroventralis]
				Interanterodorsal Thalamic Nucleus (IAD)
			8.5.1.5 Dorsal Tier Ventral Group (. Table 8.5, . Figs. 8.5, 8.8, 8.9, and 8.10)
				Submedius Thalamic Nucleus (Sub) [Ncl. submedius thalami]
				Ventral Anterior Thalamic Nucleus (VA) [Nucleus ventralis anterior thalami]
				Ventrolateral Thalamic Nucleus (VL) [Nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami]
				Ventromedial Thalamic Nucleus (VM) [Ncl. ventralis medialis thalami]
				Ventrobasal Complex (. Figs. 8.5, 8.8, 8.9, and 8.10)
				Ventral Posterolateral Thalamic Nucleus (VPL) [Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis] (. Fig. 8.9)
				Ventral Posteromedial Thalamic Nucleus (VPM) [Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis] (. Fig. 8.9)
				Ventral Posterior Nucleus of the Thalamus, Parvicellular Part (VPMpc) [Ncl. ventralis ­posteromedialis, Pars parvocellularis] (. Fig. 8.9)
				Ventral Reuniens Thalamic Nucleus [Ncl. reuniens ventralis thalami]
			8.5.1.6 Dorsal Tier Lateral Group (. Table 8.6, . Figs. 8.5, 8.8, and 8.9)
			8.5.1.7 Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Group (. Table 8.7, . Figs. 8.8, 8.9, and 8.11)
				The Mouse Eye
			8.5.1.8 Lateral Posterior-Pulvinar Group (. Table 8.8)
				Intramedullary Thalamic Area
				Laterodorsal Thalamic Nucleus (LD) [Ncl. lateralis dorsalis thalami]
				Lateral Posterior Thalamic Nucleus (LP) [Ncl. lateralis posterior]
		8.5.2 Intermediate Tier
			8.5.2.1	 Intermediate Tier Midline Group
			8.5.2.2 Intermediate Tier Posterior Group
				Ethmoid Thalamic Nucleus (Eth)
				Scaphoid Thalamic Nucleus (Sc)
				Suprageniculate Thalamic Nucleus (SG) [Ncl. suprageniculatus]
		8.5.3 Ventral Tier
			8.5.3.1 Ventral Tier Midline Group (. Table 8.11)
				DA11
				Subparafascicular Thalamic Nucleus (SPF) [Ncl. subparafascicularis]
			8.5.3.2 Ventral Tier Medial Geniculate Group (. Table 8.12)
				Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MG) [Ncl. geniculatus medialis]
				Marginal Zone of the Medial Geniculate (MZMG)
			8.5.3.3 Liminal Thalamus (. Table 8.13)
			8.5.3.4 Thalamic Zona Limitans (. Table 8.14)
				Zona Limitans Posterior Shell
				Intergeniculate Leaflet (IGL)
			8.5.3.5 Basal Thalamus
			8.5.3.6 Thalamic Floor Plate
				Reticular Nucleus of Prethalamus (Rt) [Ncl. ­reticularis prethalami]
	8.6 Basic Comparative Anatomy of the Thalamus (. Figs. 8.22 and 8.23)
	References
9: The Mouse Hypothalamus
	9.1	 General Remarks
	9.2	 General Developmental Aspects
	9.3	 General Appearance and Organization of the Hypothalamus
	9.4	 Alar Hypothalamus
		9.4.1	 Prepeduncular Alar Hypothalamus
			9.4.1.1	 Optic Recess Area
				Anterior Hypothalamus
				Circular Nucleus (Cir) [Ncl. circularis]
				Lateroanterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (LA) [Ncl. hypothalamicus lateralis anterior]
			9.4.1.2	 Liminal Prepeduncular Area (Suprachiasmatic Nucleus)
				Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) [Ncl. suprachiasmaticus]
		9.4.2	 Peduncular Alar Hypothalamus
			9.4.2.1	 Paraventricular-Supraoptic Area
				Episupraoptic Nucleus [Ncl. episupraopticus]
				Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN)/Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus [Nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami]
				Juxtaparaventricular Part of the Lateral Hypothalamus
				Supraoptic Nucleus (SON) [Nucleus supraopticus]
					The Pituitary Gland
			9.4.2.2	 Subparaventricular Hypothalamus
				Posterior Part of the Anterior Hypothalamic Area
				Subparaventricular Zone
				Entopeduncular Nucleus [Ncl. entopeduncularis]
	9.5	 Basal Hypothalamus
		9.5.1	 Prepeduncular Basal Hypothalamus
			9.5.1.1	 Tuberal Region of the Lateral Hypothalamus
				Ventromedial Hypothalamus [Nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami]
			9.5.1.2	 Arcuate Hypothalamus/Arcuate Nucleus [Ncl. arcuatus hypothalami/Ncl. arcuatus]
				Median Eminence [Eminentia mediana]
				Periventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus [Ncl. periventricularis hypothalami]
				Retrochiasmatic Area, Not Subdivided (RCh) [Area retrochiasmatica]
			9.5.1.3	 Tuberomammillary Region
				Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus, Not Subdivided
				Dorsal Tuberomammillary Nucleus (DTM) [Ncl. tuberomammillaris dorsalis]
				Medial Mammillary Nucleus [Nucleus mammillaris medialis]
				Medial Tuberal Nucleus [Ncl. tuberalis medialis]
				Premammillary Nucleus [Ncl. premammillaris]
				Ventral Tuberomammillary Nucleus (VTM) [Ncl. tuberomammillaris]
		9.5.2	 Peduncular Basal Hypothalamus
			9.5.2.1	 Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Area (DA)
				Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Region/Area [Nucleus hypothalamicus dorsomedialis]
			9.5.2.2	 Lateral Hypothalamic Region (LH)
				Lateral Hypothalamic Area (LH) [Area hypothalamica lateralis] (. Fig. 9.5)
				Magnocellular Nucleus of the Lateral Hypothalamus
				Anterior Perifornical Nucleus [Ncl. perifornicalis]
				Terete Hypothalamic Nucleus [Ncl. terete hypothalami]
				Ventrolateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (VLH) [Ncl. ventrolateralis hypothalami]
			9.5.2.3	 Posterior Hypothalamic Region
				Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (PHN) [Ncl. hypothalamicus posterior]
				Posterior Hypothalamic Area, Anterior Part [Area hypothalamica posterior]
			9.5.2.4	 Retromammillary Area (. Fig. 9.19)
				Ventral Tuberomammillary Nucleus (VTM) [Ncl. tuberomammillaris]
				Lateral Mammillary Nucleus (LM) [Nucleus mammillaris lateralis]
				Posterior Hypothalamic Area, Dorsal Part (PHD) [Area hypothalamica posterior]
				Retromammillary Nucleus, Not Subdivided (RM) [Nucleus supramammillaris] (7 Box 9.21)
				Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) [Ncl. subthalamicus]
	9.6	 Hypothalamic Floor Plate
		9.6.1	 Tuberal Floor
			9.6.1.1	 Infundibulum (Inf)
	References
10: The Mouse Cerebral Cortex
	10.1 General Developmental Aspects
	10.2 General Appearance and Organization of the Cerebral Cortex
	10.3 Neurons and Internal Connectivity of the Mouse Cerebral Cortex
		10.3.1	 Projection Neurons
			10.3.1.1	 Pyramidal Cells
			10.3.1.2 Spiny Stellate Cells
		10.3.2	 Cerebrocortical Interneurons
			10.3.2.1 Cajal-Retzius Cells
			10.3.2.2 Basket Cells
			10.3.2.3 Bitufted Cells
			10.3.2.4 Bipolar Cells
			10.3.2.5 Chandelier Cells
			10.3.2.6 Deep Projecting Cells
			10.3.2.7 Double Bouquet Cells
			10.3.2.8 Martinotti Cells
			10.3.2.9 Elongated Neurogliaform Cells
			10.3.2.10 Horizontally Elongated Cells
			10.3.2.11 Neurogliaform Cells
			10.3.2.12 Shrub Cells
			10.3.2.13 Single Bouquet Cells
	10.4 General Macroscopic Considerations
	10.5 Regions and Areas of the Mouse Cerebral Cortex
		10.5.1	 Frontal Region
			10.5.1.1 Primary Motor Cortex
			10.5.1.2 Secondary Motor Cortex
			10.5.1.3 Prefrontal Cortex
				Infralimbic Cortex
				Medial Orbital Cortex
				Prelimbic Cortex
				Ventral Orbital Cortex (VO)
				Dorsolateral Orbital Cortex (DLO)
				Area 2
			10.5.1.4 Frontal Association Cortex (FrA)
		10.5.2	 Parietal Region
			10.5.2.2 Medial Parietal Association Cortex (MPtA)
			10.5.2.4 Parietal Cortex, Posterior Area, Rostral Part (PtPR)
			10.5.2.5 Somatosensory Cortex
				Primary Somatosensory Cortex, Not Subdivided
				Secondary Somatosensory Cortex, Not Subdivided
			10.5.2.6 Dorsal Peduncular Cortex
		10.5.3	 Temporal Region
			10.5.3.1 Auditory Cortex
				Primary Auditory Cortex
				Secondary Auditory Cortex, Ventral Area (AuV)
			10.5.3.2 Temporal Association Cortex (TeA)
		10.5.4	 Occipital Region
			10.5.4.1	 Visual Cortex
				Primary Visual Cortex, Not Subdivided (V1)
				Secondary Visual Cortex, Lateral Area (V2L)
		10.5.5	 Cingulate Region
			10.5.5.2 Cingulate Cortex, Area 2 (Cg2)
			10.5.5.4 Retrosplenial Granular Cortex, Not Subdivided (RSG)
		10.5.6	 Insular Region
			10.5.6.1 Agranular Insular Cortex, Not Subdivided∗
				Dysgranular Cortices
			10.5.6.2 Dysgranular Insular Cortex
			10.5.6.3 Ectorhinal Cortex
			10.5.6.4 Granular Insular Cortex
			10.5.6.5 Perirhinal Cortex
		10.5.7	 Lateral Pallium
			10.5.7.1 Claustrum
	References
11: The Mouse Hippocampus
	11.1 General Developmental Aspects
	11.2 Development of the Hippocampal Formation
	11.3 General Appearance and Organization of the Hippocampus
		11.3.1 Human Hippocampus
		11.3.2 Mouse Hippocampus
			11.3.2.1 Histology of the Mouse Hippocampus
			11.3.2.2 Medial Pallium (The Hippocampal Formation)
			11.3.2.3 Hippocampus
			11.3.2.4 Dentate Gyrus
			11.3.2.5 Subicular Complex
			11.3.2.6 Entorhinal Cortex
		11.3.3 Hippocampus and Adult Neurogenesis
	11.4 Entorhinal Cortex and Alzheimer’s Disease
	References
12: The Mouse Amygdaloid Body
	12.1 General Developmental Aspects
	12.2 General Organization of the Amygdala
	12.3 General Macroscopic Considerations
	12.4 Microscopic Organization of the Mouse Amygdala
	12.5 General Aspects of Amygdala Connectivity
	12.6 Subnuclei of the Mouse Amygdala
		12.6.1	 Lateropallial Part
			12.6.1.1 Amygdalopiriform transition area (APir) [Area transitionis amygdalopiriformis]
			12.6.1.2 Basolateral Amygdala (BL) [Nuclei basolaterales] (. Fig. 12.8)
		12.6.2	 Ventropallial Part
			12.6.2.1 Anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus (ACo)
			12.6.2.2 Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PLCo)
			12.6.2.3 Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PMCo) [Nucleus corticalis posteromedialis amygdalae]
			12.6.2.4 Nucleus of the Lateral Olfactory Tract (LOT)
			12.6.2.5 Bed Nucleus of the Accessory Olfactory Tract (BAOT)
			12.6.2.6 Amygdalohippocampal area (Ahi) [Area transitionis amygdalo-hippocampalis] (. Fig. 12.9)
			12.6.2.7 Basomedial Amygdala (BM) [Ncl. basalis medialis amygdalae]
			12.6.2.8 Lateral Amygdala (La) [Nucleus
		12.6.3	 Pallial Septum
			12.6.3.1 Septohippocampal Nucleus (SHi) [Nucleus septohippocampalis]
			12.6.3.2 Lateral Septal Nucleus, Dorsal Part (LSD) [Ncl. septalis lateralis]
		12.6.4	 Striatal Amygdala
			12.6.4.1 Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, Capsular Part (CeC)
			12.6.4.2 Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, Lateral Division (CeL)
			12.6.4.3 Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (Ce) [Ncl. centralis amygdalae]
		12.6.5	 Medial Amygdala
			12.6.5.1 Medial Amygdaloid Nucleus, Not Subdivided (Me) [Ncl. centralis amygdalae]
		12.6.6	 Pallidal Amygdala
			12.6.6.1 Sublenticular Extended Amygdala (EA)
			12.6.6.2 Sublenticular Extended Amygdala, Central Part (EAC)
			12.6.6.3 Interstitial Nucleus of the Posterior Limb of the Anterior Commissure (IPAC)
			12.6.6.4 Interstitial Nucleus of the Posterior Limb of the Anterior Commissure, Lateral Part (IPACL)
			12.6.6.5 Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis, Intraamygdaloid Division (STIA) [Ncl. striae terminalis]
	References
13: The Mouse Caudate Putamen, Motor System, and Nucleus Accumbens
	13.1 General Aspects of the Mouse Motor System
		13.1.1 Motor Cortex (See Also 7 Chap. 10)
		13.1.2 The Corticospinal Tract (cst) [Tractus Corticospinalis]
		13.1.3 Substantia Nigra - Caudate Putamen Complex with the Globus Pallidus (Entopeduncular Nucleus) and the Subthalamic Nucleus
		13.1.4 The Cerebellum (See 7 Chap. 7)
		13.1.5 The Thalamic Motor Nuclei (See 7 Chap. 8)
		13.1.6 The Red Nucleus (See 7 Chap. 6)
		13.1.7 The Brainstem Motor Nuclei (See 7 Chap. 6)
			13.1.7.1 Motor Cranial Nerves (with the Most Important Striated Target Muscles)
			13.1.7.2 Parasympathetic Motor Nuclei (with the Most Important Target Sites)
			13.1.7.3 Premotor Nuclei
			13.1.7.4 Precerebellar Nuclei/Motor Nuclei of the Reticular Formation (See 7 Chap. 6)
		13.1.8 The Spinal Cord (See 7 Chap. 5)
	13.2 The Mouse Subpallium
		13.2.1 General Developmental Aspects
		13.2.2 Striatum
			13.2.2.1 Corpus Striatum/Caudate Putamen
				General Appearance and Organization of the Caudate Putamen
				Microscopic Organization
				Connectivity of the Caudate Putamen
			13.2.2.2 Nucleus Accumbens (Acb, NAc)
			13.2.2.3 Olfactory Tubercle (See 7 Chap. 14)
		13.2.3 Pallidum
			13.2.3.1 Globus Pallidus (GP)
		13.2.4 Diagonal Domain
		13.2.5 Subpallial Amygdala (See 7 Chap. 12)
		13.2.6 Subpallial Septum
		13.2.7 Preoptic Area (See 7 Chap. 9)
	13.3 Striatal Disorders and Mouse Models
		13.3.1 Parkinson’s Disease (Shaking Palsy)
		13.3.2 Huntington’s Disease (Huntington’s Chorea)
	References
14: The Mouse Olfactory System
	14.1 General Developmental Aspects
	14.2 General Appearance and Organization of the Olfactory System
		14.2.1 Main Olfactory System
		14.2.2 The Vomeronasal System
	References
15: The Mouse Circle of Willis
	15.1 The Human Circle of Willis
	15.2 The Mouse Circle of Willis
	15.3 Description of the Mouse Cerebral Vessels
	15.4 Mouse and Human Cerebral Vessels
	References
Index