Networks in International Business: Managing Cooperatives, Franchises and Alliances

Contents
Contributors
Managing Cooperatives, Franchises, and Alliances in International Business
	1 Cooperatives
	2 Franchises and Retail Chains
	3 Alliances
	References
Part I: Cooperatives
	Board Structure Variety in Cooperatives
		1 Introduction
		2 Cooperative Board Models
			2.1 Classes of Cooperative Board Models
			2.2 Switches of Board Models
		3 Model
		4 Discussion
		5 Conclusions
		References
	On the Evolution of Product Portfolio of Cooperatives versus IOFs: An Agent-Based Analysis of the Single Origin Constraint
		1 Introduction
		2 An Agent-Based Model
		3 Results
			3.1 Monopoly
			3.2 Mixed Duopoly Market
		4 Conclusion
		References
	Cognition and Incentives in Cooperatives
		1 Introduction
		2 Model
		3 Equilibrium
		4 Equilibrium Analysis
			4.1 Comparative Statics
			4.2 Efficiency
		5 Conclusion and Further Research
		Appendix
		References
	Influence of Communication Openness, Information Exchange, and Intra-organisational Ties on Farmer-Buyer Relationship Continui...
		1 Introduction
		2 Overview of the Indonesian Vegetable Value Chain in Modern Retail Markets
		3 Literature Review and Development of Hypotheses
			3.1 Conceptual Model
			3.2 Communication Openness
			3.3 Information Exchange
			3.4 Intra-organisational Ties
			3.5 Relationship Quality
			3.6 Relationship Continuity
		4 Methods
			4.1 Data Gathering
			4.2 Measurement
				4.2.1 Open Communication
				4.2.2 Information Exchange
				4.2.3 Intra-organisational Ties
				4.2.4 Relationship Quality
				4.2.5 Relationship Continuity
			4.3 Data Analysis
		5 Results and Discussion
			5.1 Measurement Model Analysis
			5.2 Structural Model Analysis
				5.2.1 Openness of Communication
				5.2.2 Information Exchange
				5.2.3 Intra-organisational Ties
				5.2.4 Impact of Relationship Quality
				5.2.5 Indirect Effects
		6 Conclusion and Recommendations
		Appendix
		References
	Governance and Performance of Producer Organisations in India
		1 Introduction
		2 Indian Dairy Sector
		3 Review of Literature
		4 Methodology
		5 Governance Innovation and Milk PC Performance
			5.1 Baani Milk PC, Punjab
			5.2 Saahaj Milk PC, Uttar Pradesh
			5.3 Paayas Milk PC, Rajasthan
			5.4 Maahi Milk PC, Gujarat
			5.5 Innovations in PC Governance
		6 Conclusions
		Appendix: Maahi Milk PC Governance
		References
Part II: Franchises and Retail Chains
	Franchise Systems in the Information Age Challenges and Opportunities
		1 Introduction
		2 The Use of Franchise Systems as Distribution Channels
		3 Key Components of the Information Age
			3.1 The Drivers of the Information Age
		4 The Promise of Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts
		5 Limitations of Data Collection and Analysis
		6 Information Qualities and Their Impact on the Design of Franchise Systems
			6.1 The Different Types of Objectives for the Distribution Channel
			6.2 The Creation of a Knowledge Base and the Allocation of Decision-Making
			6.3 Ever Shifting Knowledge Transfer Possibilities
		7 Summary
		References
	Empowerment and Customer Decision Rules in Franchise Networks
		1 Introduction
		2 Prior Literature
		3 The Nature of Information
		4 The Nature of Customer Choice and whether to Empower
		5 Allowing Alternative Customer Decision Rules
		6 Incentives
		7 Applications and Conclusion
			7.1 Managerial Applications
			7.2 Research Implications
		References
	When Key Elements of Franchising Become Sources of Conflicts
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
			2.1 Know-how
			2.2 Assistance
			2.3 Brand
		3 Methodology
			3.1 Data Collection
			3.2 Data Analysis
		4 Findings
			4.1 Conflicts Related to Know-How
			4.2 Conflicts Related to Assistance
			4.3 Conflicts Related to the Brand
		5 Discussion
			5.1 Summary of Findings
			5.2 Contributions to the Theory
			5.3 Managerial Implications
			5.4 Limitations and Tracks for Future Research
		References
	Franchise vs. Independent Retail and Service Stores: Customer Perceptions
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
			2.1 Franchised Units as a Form of Independent Business
			2.2 Franchised Businesses vs. Independent Businesses
			2.3 Consumer Perceptions of Stores
		3 Methodology
		4 Findings
			4.1 Franchised and Independent Retailers: Their Profiles as Perceived by Customers
			4.2 Franchised and Independent Retailers: Their Retailing Mix as Perceived by Customers
			4.3 Franchised and Independent Retailers: Customer Relationship Management as Perceived by Customers
		5 Discussion
			5.1 Summary of Findings
			5.2 Contributions to Research
			5.3 Contributions to the Practice
			5.4 Limitations and Tracks for Future Research
		References
	Are There Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance? Evidence from French Franchisees
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Background
			2.1 Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance
			2.2 Influence of Gender in Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance
		3 Data and Procedures
		4 Results
		5 Discussion
		6 Conclusions
		References
	Is Retailer´s Locational Choice in Line with Chain Positioning Strategy?
		1 Introduction
		2 Retail Strategy and Chain Positioning
		3 Retail Store Location Characteristics
			3.1 Market Area Characteristics
			3.2 Type of Location
			3.3 Interception
			3.4 Cumulative Attraction
			3.5 Compatibility
			3.6 Accessibility
			3.7 Cost of Occupancy
			3.8 Physical Site Characteristics
		4 Methodology: An ACA (Adaptive Conjoint Analysis) Approach
			4.1 Conjoint Analysis
			4.2 Hybrid Models and ACA
			4.3 Study Sample
			4.4 Conjoint Instrument Design
		5 Results and Discussion
			5.1 Descriptive Data
			5.2 Validations
			5.3 Interpretation of Attribute Importance Values
		6 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Alliances
	Analysis of Intra-organisational Networks: Principles, Application and Contribution to the Organisational Design Theory
		1 Introduction
		2 Principles of Network Theory
			2.1 Quantitative Approach
			2.2 Qualitative Approach
				2.2.1 Positions of Actors in the Network
				2.2.2 The Strength of Ties
				2.2.3 Homophily
				2.2.4 Influence of Intra-organisational Networks on Organisational Behaviour
		3 Application
		4 Conducting Analysis of the Intra-organisational Networks
		5 Contribution of the Network Theory to Organisational Theory
			5.1 Novelties That Network Analysis Brings to Organisational Design and Their Significance
		6 Discussion, Conclusions and Future Research
		Bibliography
	Market Entry Through Multilateral Networks in Developing Countries: The Case of Public-Private Development Partnership in Zamb...
		1 Introduction
		2 Governance Through Public-Private Partnerships
		3 Theoretical Framework and Propositions
			3.1 Transaction Cost Theory and Institutional Theory
			3.2 The Resource-Based View
		4 Case Study Analysis
			4.1 Methodology
			4.2 Case Selection
				4.2.1 The Political, Economic, and Social Environment of the PPDP
				4.2.2 The ZAMITA PPDP
			4.3 Data Analysis and Results
		5 Discussion, Implications, and Future Research
			5.1 Findings
			5.2 Limitations
			5.3 Implications for Theory and Practice
			5.4 Future Research
		References
	The Impact of Quality Management Practices on Purchasing Performance Within Supply Chain Relationships in Service Organizations
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Background
			2.1 The Hospitality Industry Today
				2.1.1 Purchasing in the Hospitality Industry
		3 Literature Review
			3.1 Quality Management Practices in Purchasing (QMPPs)
			3.2 Purchasing Information System Services (PISS)
			3.3 Purchasing Performance (PP)
		4 Hypotheses of Study and the Conceptual Model
			4.1 QMPPs and Purchasing Information System Services (PISS)
			4.2 PISS and Purchasing Performance
			4.3 QMPPs and Purchasing Performance (Direct Effects)
			4.4 The Mediating-Effects Hypothesis
		5 Research Methodology
		6 Results and Findings
			6.1 Summary of CFA Fit Indices
			6.2 Hypothesis Testing
			6.3 Findings
		7 Discussion
			7.1 Insights Stemming from the Measurement Model Testing
			7.2 Insights Stemming from the Structural Model Testing
			7.3 General Discussion
			7.4 Managerial Implications
		8 Conclusions, Limitations, and Suggestions for Future Research
		References
	Knowledge Attributes and Internationalization of E-service Firms: Literature Review and Conceptual Model
		1 Introduction
		2 Literature Review
			2.1 Overview of the Thematic Domains
				2.1.1 Thematic Domain 1: E-commerce Internationalization
				2.1.2 Thematic Domain 2: Specific Features of Service Internationalization
				2.1.3 Thematic Domain 3: Online Services
			2.2 Drivers of E-service Internationalization
			2.3 Comparing the Internationalization of Traditional Service Firms and E-service Firms
			2.4 Summary
		3 Conceptual Model of the Internationalization of E-service Firms
			3.1 The Influence of E-service Knowledge Attributes on the Choice of Entry Mode
		4 Discussion and Implications
		References
	The Two-Sided Effect of the Sharing Economy and Its Impacts on Inter-organizational Cooperation in the Tourism Sector
		1 Introduction
		2 Theoretical Background
			2.1 The Sharing Economy Phenomenon and Digital Platforms Used in the Tourism Sector
			2.2 ICT and ET as Factors Related to the Sharing Economy Phenomenon
				2.2.1 The Role of ICT
				2.2.2 The Role of Experience Tourism
			2.3 The Sharing Economy in the Tourism Sector: Its Impact on Intra-sectoral Cooperation
		3 Research Process
		4 Empirical Results
			4.1 The Structure of Intra-sectoral Cooperation
			4.2 The Two-Faceted Effect of the Growing Popularity of the Sharing Economy
			4.3 Factors of Cooperation Inside the Tourism Sector
		5 Discussion and Conclusions
		References