Netherlands India: A Study of Plural Economy

Cover......Page 1
Frontmatter......Page 6
INTRODUCTION......Page 12
Contents......Page 14
TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS......Page 18
NETHERLANDS INDIA......Page 19
AUTHOR'S PREFACE......Page 20
LIST OF GENERAL REFERENCES......Page 24
GLOSSARY......Page 26
MEASURES AND CURRENCY......Page 28
THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO, IN COMPARISON WITH EUROPE......Page 29
1. Geography......Page 30
2. Political Geography......Page 31
4. Indonesian Culture and Tenures......Page 33
5. Hindus and Chinese......Page 35
6. Majapahit, Economic Progress and Social Economy......Page 38
7. Moslems and Portuguese......Page 43
References and Notes......Page 48
1. The Coming of the Dutch......Page 49
2. Formation of the East India Company......Page 50
3. Establishment of Dutch Supremacy......Page 54
4. Territorial Expansion: over the Archipelago, and over Java......Page 60
5. Organization: General, Judicial, the Coffee-Sergeants......Page 62
6. Revenue: Trade, Tribute and Taxes......Page 66
7. Economic Policy......Page 67
8. Economic Progress: in the Spice Islands, and in Java......Page 70
9. Social Economy......Page 72
10. The Chinese......Page 74
11. Fall of the Company: Comparison with the English East India Company......Page 77
References and Notes......Page 81
1. The Revolution: Sequel in Holland, and in the Colonies......Page 83
2. Colonial Reform: The Report of 1795, the Report and Charter of 1803, the Regeringsreglement of 1806......Page 85
3. Daendels: Instructions, and Administrative Reforms......Page 93
4. Raffles: General Administration, Judicial System, Revenue System, Miscellaneous Reforms, Economic Progress, Achievements......Page 96
References and Notes......Page 107
1. The Dutch in 1815......Page 109
2. Liberalism in 1815......Page 110
3. The New Constitution......Page 111
4. The Restoration of the Colonies: Policy of William I, Regeringsreglement of 1815......Page 112
5. The Policy of the Commissioners: Conditions in India, Muntinghe's Note of 1817, Adoption of the Land Revenue System......Page 114
6. The Regeringsreglement of 1818: Administrative System, Judicial System, Miscellaneous Reforms......Page 116
7. Principles of Dutch Administration......Page 118
8. Economic Policy......Page 121
9. Economic Progress, 1815--24......Page 123
10. Foundation of the Nederlandsche Handelmaatschappij......Page 126
11. The End of Raffles' Experiment......Page 127
12. Du Bus: Report of 1827, Measures of Reform, Regeringsreglement of 1827......Page 129
13. Economic Progress, 1825--30......Page 132
14. Social Economy......Page 135
15. Van den Bosch: Note of 1829, Economic Plan......Page 137
16. The Regeringsreglement of 1830......Page 141
References and Notes......Page 142
1. The Theory of the Culture System......Page 144
2. Economic Policy......Page 148
3. Administrative Policy: Regeringsreglement of 1836, Inlandsch Reglement of 1848, the Vergadering, the Controleur, the Constitution in 1848......Page 151
4. Economic Progress......Page 156
5. Social Economy......Page 164
6. The Culture System and the Netherlands......Page 173
7. Review of the Culture System......Page 174
References and Notes......Page 175
1. Fall of Van den Bosch, 1840......Page 177
2. Fall of Baud......Page 181
3. The Fundamental Law of 1848: Thorbecke, Van Hoëvell, Colonial Policy......Page 183
4. The Regeringsreglement of 1854: The Rule of Law, Compromise on Principles......Page 186
5. The Colonial Opposition: Currency Law, Press Law, Max Havelaar, Van de Putte......Page 188
6. Liberalism Triumphant: Accounts Law of 1864, Problems and Policies, Agrarian Law of 1870, Sugar Law of 1870, the Tariff......Page 191
7. The Transition in India: Opening up to Capital, Reforms of Culture System, Abolition of Monopolies......Page 195
8. Economic Progress......Page 196
References and Notes......Page 202
2. Economic Policy......Page 203
3. Political Relations with the Outer Provinces......Page 205
4. Land Policy: Erfpacht, Land-hire, Native Tenures, Conversion......Page 207
5. Labour Policy: Slavery, Importation of Coolies under Penal Sanction, Compulsory Cultivation, Other Compulsory Labour, Pantjendiensten, Heerendiensten, Desadiensten......Page 210
6. Administrative Policy: The Administrative Reorganization of 1874, Changes in Character and Functions of Officials......Page 216
7. Economic Progress......Page 224
8. Social Economy......Page 241
9. Review of Liberalism......Page 251
References and Notes......Page 252
1. The New Colonial World: Decentralization, with a view to Expansion, Efficiency and Welfare, advocated by non-officials and officials in India, and among all classes and all political parties in Holland......Page 254
2. The Ethical Policy: formulated by Van Kol, Van Deventer and Brooshooft......Page 258
3. Diminishing Welfare: Economic Surveys by Van Deventer, Kielstra and Fock; the Debt of Honour; the Diminishing Welfare Enquiry......Page 261
4. Expansion: Van Heutsz and Snouck Hurgronje, Achin and the Islands, The Short Contract......Page 265
5. Nationalism......Page 267
6. The Chinese Movement......Page 268
7. The Native Movement: Miss Kartini, Boedi Oetomo, Sarikat Islam, Indos, Europeans, The War, The Volksraad......Page 271
8. Revolution: Nationalism, and Socialism, The Intelligentsia, Industrial Disputes and Communism, Outbreak and Collapse of Communism, Growth of Extremism......Page 277
References and Notes......Page 284
1. Administration in 1900: In Java, in the Outer Provinces; Comparison with British India......Page 286
2. Decentralization: Rationale and Connotation, Efficiency and Autonomy......Page 290
3. Administrative Reforms, to 1918......Page 294
4. Political Reforms, to 1918......Page 298
5. The Revisional (Herziening) Commission......Page 306
6. The Staatsinrichting, 1925......Page 307
7. The New Volksraad......Page 309
8. Local Government, after 1918......Page 313
9. Administrative Reforms, after 1918......Page 321
10. Village Government......Page 322
11. Administrative Expansion: the Judicial System, Police, Other Services, the Civil Service......Page 324
References and Notes......Page 330
1. The New Economic Constitution......Page 332
2. Capital......Page 338
3. Agricultural Production......Page 341
4. Irrigation......Page 352
5. Fisheries......Page 353
7. Mineral Production: State exploitation, Tin, Coal, Oil......Page 354
8. Communications: Railways, Roads, Telephones, Shipping, Harbours......Page 358
9. Industry......Page 361
10. Finance......Page 363
11. Commerce......Page 365
12. State Finances......Page 368
References and Notes......Page 374
1. Introduction: Growth of Population, Distribution of Wealth......Page 375
2. Labour: Colonization, Importation of Labour, Trade Unionism......Page 377
3. State Credit: State Banks, State Pawnshops, Co-operative Credit......Page 386
5. Education: Vernacular Instruction, Secondary Instruction, Vocational Instruction, for Europeans, and for Natives......Page 390
6. Missions......Page 407
7. Welfare and the Village......Page 410
8. Welfare Surveys: Statistics......Page 422
9. Native Welfare......Page 425
10. The European Community......Page 433
11. The Chinese Community......Page 437
12. Cultural Progress......Page 444
References and Notes......Page 455
1. The Crisis of 1929......Page 457
2. Japanese Penetration......Page 459
3. Growth of Manufactures......Page 462
4. State Intervention......Page 467
5. State Finances......Page 470
6. Social Economy: Effect of the Crisis on Europeans, Chinese and Natives......Page 472
References and Notes......Page 474
1. Plural Societies......Page 475
2. Plural Economy......Page 476
3. Plural Economy and Orthodox Economics......Page 489
4. Resolutions of Plural Economy......Page 493
References and Notes......Page 498
INDEX OF REFERENCES......Page 500
GENERAL INDEX......Page 508