Neonatology: A Practical Approach to Neonatal Diseases

Front Matter....Pages I-XXX
Epidemiology: Mortality and Morbidity....Pages 1-6
The Development from Fetus to Newborn....Pages 7-16
General Characteristics of Preterm and Term Newborn....Pages 17-20
Risk Factors for Gestational Diseases....Pages 21-25
Epigenetic Mechanisms....Pages 26-30
Congenital Malformations and Syndromes: Early Diagnosis and Prognosis....Pages 31-45
Prenatal and Postnatal Inflammatory Mechanisms....Pages 46-49
The Fetus at Risk: Chorioamnionitis....Pages 50-54
Diagnosis of Fetal Distress....Pages 55-66
Multiple Pregnancies....Pages 67-76
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Obstetric Aspects....Pages 77-81
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Neonatal Aspects....Pages 82-88
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Intervention Strategies....Pages 89-93
Late Preterm Infants at Risk for Short-Term and Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality....Pages 94-101
Ethical Problems....Pages 102-113
Basic Approach to the Care of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: an Outline....Pages 114-116
The Process of Decision-Making....Pages 117-121
Follow-up Outcomes of High Risk Infants....Pages 122-129
Early Markers of Poor Outcome....Pages 130-135
Quality of Neonatal Intensive Care and Outcome for High Risk Newborn Infants....Pages 136-144
Cerebral Plasticity and Functional Reorganization in Children with Congenital Brain Lesions....Pages 145-149
Organization of Perinatal Care....Pages 150-156
Training of Doctors and Nurses in Perinatology....Pages 157-160
Neonatal Transport Services....Pages 161-164
Problems of Discharge and Home Care of Newborns....Pages 165-167
Risk Management....Pages 168-172
Guidelines and Protocols....Pages 173-177
Physical Environment: the Thermal Environment....Pages 178-188
Information and Psychosocial Intervention in Neonatology....Pages 189-191
Neonatology and the Law....Pages 192-196
Environment and Early Developmental Care....Pages 197-200
Neonatal Pain: Neurophysiology, Recognition and Prevention....Pages 201-205
Procedural Pain Management with Non-Pharmacological Interventions....Pages 206-209
Neonatal Anesthesia....Pages 210-216
Neonatal Care in the Delivery Room: Initial Management....Pages 217-220
Approach to Low Risk Newborns....Pages 221-225
Early Detection of Neonatal Depression and Asphyxia....Pages 226-231
Resuscitation of the Newborn....Pages 232-241
Oxygen Toxicity....Pages 242-249
Physical Examination of the Newborn....Pages 250-256
Primary Investigations in the Term and Preterm Newborn....Pages 257-262
Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract....Pages 263-280
Hormones and Gastrointestinal Function....Pages 281-289
Feeding the Term Infant: Human Milk and Formulas....Pages 290-297
Nutritional Recommendations for the Very Low Birth Weight Newborn....Pages 298-303
Enteral Feeding of the Very Low Birth Weight Infant....Pages 304-310
Parenteral Nutrition....Pages 311-319
Post-Discharge Nutrition in Preterm Infants....Pages 320-332
Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis: Pathophysiology....Pages 333-353
Micronutrients and Vitamins....Pages 354-357
Safety of Medications During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding....Pages 358-363
Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeutics....Pages 364-368
Infants of Drug-Addicted Mothers....Pages 369-374
Infants of Smoking Mothers....Pages 375-378
Infants of Diabetic Mothers....Pages 379-386
Lung Development and Pulmonary Malformations....Pages 387-404
Neonatal Pulmonary Physiology of Term and Preterm Newborns....Pages 405-414
Control of Breathing in Newborns....Pages 415-422
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome....Pages 423-428
Molecular Structure of Surfactant: Biochemical Aspects....Pages 429-432
Surfactant Metabolism in Neonatal Lung Diseases....Pages 433-440
Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Predisposing Factors, Pathophysiology and Diagnosis....Pages 441-454
Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Transient Tachypnea and Neonatal Pneumonia....Pages 455-459
Pulmonary Air Leakage....Pages 460-468
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Chronic Lung Disease....Pages 469-483
Rare Lung Diseases....Pages 484-487
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia....Pages 488-496
Treatment of Respiratory Failure: Mechanical Ventilation....Pages 497-508
Continuous Positive Airways Pressure and other Non-Invasive Ventilation Techniques....Pages 509-521
Lung Diseases: Surfactant Replacement Therapy....Pages 522-528
Nitric Oxide Therapy in Neonatology....Pages 529-536
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Neonates....Pages 537-539
Lung Diseases: Problems of Steroid Treatment of Fetus and Newborn....Pages 540-542
Apnea of Prematurity and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome....Pages 543-549
Cardiovascular Physiology, Pathology, and Clinical Investigation....Pages 550-568
Early Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease: When and How to Treat....Pages 569-576
Arrhythmias and Heart Muscle Diseases....Pages 577-584
Blood Pressure Disorders in the Neonate: Hypotension and Hypertension....Pages 585-592
Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity....Pages 593-598
Patent Ductus Arteriosus....Pages 599-607
Bilirubin Metabolism, Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia, Physiological Neonatal Jaundice....Pages 608-610
Pathologic Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia, Isoimmunization, Abnormalities of Red Cells and Infections....Pages 611-620
Kernicterus, Bilirubin Induced Neurological Dysfunction and New Treatments for Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia....Pages 621-628
Treatment of Hyperbilirubinemia....Pages 629-640
Pathology and Treatment of Liver Diseases....Pages 641-649
Neonatal Cholestasis-Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia....Pages 650-658
Surgical Treatment of Biliary Tract Malformations....Pages 659-663
Orofacial Malformations....Pages 664-674
Esophageal Atresia....Pages 675-681
Gastrointestinal Malformations....Pages 682-698
Rare Surgical Emergencies....Pages 699-703
Meconium Plug Syndrome....Pages 704-707
Hirschsprung’s Disease....Pages 708-712
Gastroenteritis and Intractable Diarrhea....Pages 713-718
Rehydration after Diarrhea....Pages 719-723
Necrotizing Enterocolitis....Pages 724-730
Surgical Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis....Pages 731-734
Hematology and Immunology: Overview....Pages 735-747
Pathophysiology of Coagulation and Deficiencies of Coagulation Factors in the Newborn....Pages 748-762
Coagulation Disorders: Risk of Thrombosis in the Newborn....Pages 763-769
Coagulation Disorders: Inflammation and Thrombosis....Pages 770-774
Coagulation Disorders: Clinical Aspects of Platelet Disorders....Pages 775-783
Anemia in the Neonatal Period....Pages 784-798
Fetal and Neonatal Hydrops....Pages 799-803
Physiology and Abnormalities of Leukocytes....Pages 804-818
Neonatal Hereditary Neutropenia....Pages 819-821
Therapy with Recombinant Leukocyte Growth Factors....Pages 822-829
Fundamentals of Feto-Neonatal Immunology and Its Clinical Relevance....Pages 830-847
Congenital Immunodeficiencies....Pages 848-852
Inflammatory Mediators in Neonatal Asphyxia and Infection....Pages 853-857
Neonatal Malignancies....Pages 858-868
Fetal Infections: Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex, and Varicella....Pages 869-879
Fetal infections: Rubella, HIV, HCV, HBV, and Human Parvovirus B19....Pages 880-892
Fetal Infections: Congenital Syphilis, and Tuberculosis....Pages 893-897
Toxoplasmosis in the Fetus and Newborn....Pages 898-904
Neonatal Bacterial and Fungal Infections....Pages 905-930
Neonatal Septic Shock....Pages 931-939
Neonatal Viral Infections: Enteroviruses, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus....Pages 940-943
Vaccinations and Neonatal Immunity....Pages 944-948
Inborn Errors of Metabolism....Pages 949-966
Endocrine Diseases of Newborn....Pages 967-992
Disorders of Thyroid Function....Pages 993-1003
Disorders of Sexual Development....Pages 1004-1017
Pathophysiology of Fetal and Neonatal Kidneys....Pages 1018-1026
Acute and Chronic Renal Failure in the Newborn Infant....Pages 1027-1039
Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal and Urinary Tract Malformations....Pages 1040-1066
Brain Development and Perinatal Vulnerability to Cerebral Damage....Pages 1067-1078
Inflammation and Perinatal Brain Injury....Pages 1079-1086
Normal and Abnormal Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants....Pages 1087-1099
Neurological Examination of the Newborn Infant....Pages 1100-1112
Neonatal Electroencephalography....Pages 1113-1117
Neuroimaging Studies....Pages 1118-1130
Malformations of Cortical Development: Genetic Aspects....Pages 1131-1136
Congenital Malformations of the Brain: Prenatal Diagnosis, Spectrum and Causes....Pages 1137-1146
Biochemical Basis of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy....Pages 1147-1159
Clinical Aspects and Treatment of the Hypoxic-Ischemic Syndrome....Pages 1160-1172
Neuroprotective Strategies....Pages 1173-1179
Cerebral Hemorrhage....Pages 1180-1191
Neonatal Arterial Stroke....Pages 1192-1198
Neonatal Seizures....Pages 1199-1207
The Timing of Neonatal Brain Damage....Pages 1208-1215
Thrombosis in the Development of Newborn Brain Damage....Pages 1216-1227
Epidemiology of Adverse Cerebral Outcome....Pages 1228-1231
Neuromuscular Disorders....Pages 1232-1239
Ocular Malformations....Pages 1240-1245
Retinopathy of Prematurity....Pages 1246-1265
Neonatal Orthopedic Surgery....Pages 1266-1268
Neonatal Skin Disorders....Pages 1269-1293
Back Matter....Pages 1295-1348