Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics

Volume 1 -  Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics  21th ed  2020   Original PDF.pdf (p.1-1908)
	Cover
	Contents
	Front Matter
		Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 2-Volume Set
	Copyright
		Copyright Page
	Dedication
		Dedication
	Contributors
		Contributors
	Preface
		Preface
	Videos
		Videos
	1- I The Field of Pediatrics
		Chapter 1 - Overview of Pediatrics
			I The Field of Pediatrics
				1 Overview of Pediatrics
					Keywords
					Vital Statistics About Children’s Health Globally
					The Changing Pediatric World
					The New Morbidities
						The “New” New Morbidities
							Adverse Childhood Experiences
							Toxic Stress and Allostatic Load
							Ecobiodevelopmental Framework
					Chronic Illness and Children With Special Health Care Needs
					Systems of Care
						Population Health Approach
						Medical Home
						Medical and Health Neighborhood
					Bibliography
		Chapter 2 - Child Health Disparities
			2 Child Health Disparities
				Keywords
				Determinants of Health and Health Disparities
					Psychosocial Stress and Allostatic Load
					The Hispanic Paradox
				Disparities in Child Health and Healthcare:
					Child Health Disparities
						Asthma
						Obesity
						Infant Mortality
						Prematurity and Low Birthweight
						Oral Health
						Hearing Care
						Vision Problems
						Immunization
						Adolescent Suicide
						Child Maltreatment
					Behavioral Health Disparities
						Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
						Depression and Anxiety Disorders
						Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
						Behavioral or Conduct Problems
						Developmental Delay
					Disparities in Healthcare
				Approaches to Eradicating Disparities: Interventions
				2.1 Racism and Child Health
					Keywords
					Racism as Social Determinant
					Explaining Racial Disparities: A Taxonomy of Racism
						Defining Racism
						Internalized Racism
						Interpersonal Racism
						Institutional Racism
						Structural Racism
					Opportunities to Address Racism
						Clinical Settings
						Institutional Settings
						Pediatricians as Advocates for Antiracist Practices and Systems
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 3 - Global Child Health
			3 Global Child Health
				Keywords
				Global Burden and Trends in Child Health
				Social Determinants of Child Health
					Socioeconomic and Political Roots of Disparities in Global Health
					Sustainable Development Goals
				Evidence-Based Interventions and Innovations to Address Child Health Inequities
					Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
						Reaching Every Child, Everywhere
					Effective Delivery Strategies: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
					Social Protection Programs: Conditional and Unconditional Cash Transfers
				Challenges in Global Health
					Adolescent Health
					Global Climate Change
					Conflict, Emergency Situations, and Migration
					Information and Communications Technology
				Bibliography
		Chapter 4 - Quality and Value in Healthcare for Children
			4 Quality and Value in Healthcare for Children
				Keywords
				The Need for Improvement in Quality and Value
				What Is Quality?
				Framework for Quality
				Developing Guidelines to Establish the Standard for Quality
				Improving Quality
					Model for Improvement
					Six Sigma
					Lean Methodology
					Management Sciences
					Tools for Organizing Quality Improvement Theory and Execution
				Measuring Quality
				Analyzing Quality Data
				Comparing and Reporting Quality
				Implications of the U.S. Healthcare Reform for Quality
				Information Technology and Quality Improvement
				Expanding Individual Quality Improvement Initiatives to Scale
				Bibliography
		Chapter 5 - Safety in Healthcare for Children
			5 Safety in Healthcare for Children
				Keywords
				Error vs Harm
				Safety Frameworks
				Identifying and Analyzing Harm, Errors, and Latent Threats
					Incident Reporting Systems
					Simulation
					Event Analysis
				Safety Culture
				Reliability Science and High-Reliability Organizations
				Serious Harm Events and Healthcare-Associated Conditions
				Safety Opportunities and Gaps
					Clinical Deterioration
					Handoffs/I-PASS
					Surgical Safety
					Ambulatory Safety
					Occupational Safety
				Emerging Areas of Safety Research and Improvement
				Bibliography
		Chapter 6 - Ethics in Pediatric Care
			6 Ethics in Pediatric Care
				Keywords
				Assent and Parental Permission
				Treatment of Critically Ill Children
					Transitioning the Goals of Care
					Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment
						Advance Directives
						Artificial Hydration and Nutrition
						The Doctrine of Double Effect
				Neonatal Ethics
				Declaring Death and Organ Donation
					Death by Neurologic Criteria
					Circulatory Death
				Religious or Cultural Objections to Treatment
				Pediatric Ethics Committees and Ethics Consultation
				Newborn Screening
				Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine
				Adolescent Healthcare
					Adolescent Assent and Consent
					Chronic Illness
					Decisions in Terminally Ill Adolescents
				Research
				Balancing Maternal and Fetal Interests
				Justice and Pediatric Ethics
				Emerging Issues
				Bibliography
		Chapter 7 - Pediatric Palliative Care
			7 Pediatric Palliative Care
				Keywords
				Care Settings
				Communication, Advance Care Planning, and Anticipatory Guidance
					The Parents
					The Child
					The Siblings
					The Staff
					Goals of Care and Decision-Making
					Resuscitation Status
					Symptom Management
					Intensive Symptom Management
					Approaching End of Life
					The Pediatrician
				Bibliography
		Chapter 8 - Domestic and International Adoption
			8 Domestic and International Adoption
				Keywords
				Domestic Adoption
				Intercountry Adoption
				Role of Pediatricians
					Preadoption Medical Record Reviews
					Postadoption Medical Care
						Arrival Visit–International Adoption
						Growth Delays
						Developmental Delays
						Language Development
						Eating Concerns
						Sleep Concerns
						Social and Emotional Development
						Racial Identity Development
						Toxic Stress
						Family Support
						Adoption Narrative
				Bibliography
		Chapter 9 - Foster and Kinship Care
			9 Foster and Kinship Care
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Legislation in the United States
				Early Childhood Trauma Leads to Poor Health Outcomes
				Health Issues
				Healthcare for Children and Adolescents in Foster Care
				Bibliography
		Chapter 10 - Medical Evaluation of the Foreign-Born Child
			10 Medical Evaluation of the Foreign-Born Child
				Keywords
				Commonly Encountered Infections
					Hepatitis B
					Hepatitis A
					Hepatitis C
					Intestinal Pathogens
					Tuberculosis
					Congenital Syphilis
					HIV Infection
				Immunizations
				Bibliography
		Chapter 11 - Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care
			11 Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care
				Keywords
				What Is Culture?
					Culture and Identity
					Intracultural Variability
				Culturally Informed Care
					Understanding Culture in the Context of Healthcare
					Awareness-Assessment-Negotiation Model
				11.1 Culture-Specific Beliefs
				Bibliography
		Chapter 12 - Maximizing Children’s Health, Screening, Anticipatory Guidance, and Counseling
			12 Maximizing Children’s Health
				Keywords
				Periodicity Schedule and Guidelines
				Tasks of Well-Child Care
				Infancy and Early Childhood
				Middle Childhood and Adolescence
				Office Intervention for Behavioral and Mental Health Issues
					Strength-Based Approaches and Framework
					Office System Change for Quality Improvement
				Evidence
				Caring for the Child and Youth in the Context of the Family and Community
				Bibliography
		Chapter 13 - Injury Control
			13 Injury Control
				Keywords
				Scope of the Problem
					Mortality
					Nonfatal Injuries
					Global Child Injuries
				Principles of Injury Control
				Risk Factors for Childhood Injuries
					Age
					Gender
					Race and Ethnicity
					Socioeconomic Status
					Rural-Urban Location
					Environment
				Mechanisms of Injury
					Motor Vehicle Injuries
						Occupants
						Teenage Drivers
						All-Terrain Vehicles
					Bicycle Injuries
					Pedestrian Injuries
					Ski- and Snowboard-Related Head Injuries
						Fire- and Burn-Related Injuries
						Poisoning
						Drowning
						Traumatic Brain Injury
					Firearm Injuries
					Falls
					Violent Behavior and Aggression
				Psychosocial Consequences of Injuries
				Bibliography
		Chapter 14 - Impact of Violence on Children
			14 Impact of Violence on Children
				Keywords
				Impacts of Violence
					Diagnosis and Follow-Up
				14.1 Bullying, Cyberbullying, and School Violence
					Keywords
					Bullying and Cyberbullying
						Bullying Roles and Nomenclature
						Epidemiology
						Risk Factors
						Consequences of Bullying
					School Violence
						Epidemiology
						Risk Factors
					Treatment and Prevention of Bullying and School Violence
						Signs and Symptoms
						Screening for Bullying
						Prevention
					Bibliography
					Resources
				14.2 Media Violence
					Keywords
					Screening
					Recommendations (see Table 14.1)
					Bibliography
					Resources
				14.3 Effects of War on Children
					Keywords
					Susceptibility of Children in Times of War
					Psychological Impact of War
					Efforts to Protect Children From the Effects of War
						International Conventions
						Humanitarian Efforts
					Role of Pediatricians and Allied Health Professionals
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 15 - Child Trafficking for Sex and Labor
			15 Child Trafficking for Sex and Labor
				Keywords
				Clinical Presentation
				Approach to the Potentially Trafficked Child
				Examination and Diagnostic Testing
				Referrals and Resources
				Bibliography
		Chapter 16 - Abused and Neglected Children
			16 Abused and Neglected Children
				Keywords
				Definitions
				Incidence and Prevalence
					Global
					United States
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
					Neglect
				General Principles for Assessing Possible Abuse and Neglect
				General Principles for Addressing Child Maltreatment
				Outcomes of Child Maltreatment
				Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect
				Advocacy
				16.1 Sexual Abuse
					Keywords
					Definition
					Presentation of Sexual Abuse
					Role of General Pediatrician in Assessment and Management of Possible Sexual Abuse
					Physical Examination of the Child With Suspected Sexual Abuse
					Additional Management
					Sexual Abuse Prevention
					Bibliography
				16.2 Medical Child Abuse (Factitious Disorder by Proxy, Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy)
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
					General References
					Physical Abuse
					Neglect
					Prevention
					Professional Issues
					Outcomes
					American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statements
		Chapter 17 - Strategies for Health Behavior Change
			17 Strategies for Health Behavior Change
				Keywords
				Unified Theory of Behavior Change
				Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change
				Common Factors Approach
					Interpersonal Skills: HEL2P3
					Elicit Concerns: Set the Agenda and Agree on the Problem
					Establish a Plan
					Respond to Anger and Demoralization and Emphasize Hope
				Motivational Interviewing
				Shared Decision-Making
				Bibliography
	2- II Growth, Development, and Behavior
		Chapter 18 - Developmental and Behavioral Theories
			II Growth, Development, and Behavior
				18 Developmental and Behavioral Theories
					Keywords
					Biopsychosocial Model and Ecobiodevelopmental Framework: Models of Development
						Biologic Influences
						Psychologic Influences: Attachment and Contingency
						Social Factors: Family Systems and the Ecologic Model
						Unifying Concepts: The Transactional Model, Risk, and Resilience
						Developmental Domains and Theories of Emotion and Cognition
							Psychoanalytic Theories
							Cognitive Theories
							Behavioral Theory
							Theories Used in Behavioral Interventions
						Statistics Used in Describing Growth and Development
					Bibliography
		Chapter 19 - Positive Parenting and Support
			19 Positive Parenting and Support
				Keywords
				The Importance of Parenting
				The Role of the Family
				Parenting Styles
				Child Temperament
				Child Behavioral Problems
				Defining Positive Parenting
				Parenting as an Intervention
				The Role of the Pediatrician
				Bibliography
		Chapter 20 - Assessment of Fetal Growth and Development
			20 Assessment of Fetal Growth and Development
				Keywords
				Somatic Development
					Embryonic Period
					Fetal Period
				Neurologic Development
				Behavioral Development
				Psychologic Changes in Parents
				Threats to Fetal Development
				Bibliography
		Chapter 21 - The Newborn
			21 The Newborn
				Keywords
				Parental Role in Mother–Infant Attachment
					Prenatal Factors
					Peripartum and Postpartum Influences
				The Infant’s Role in Mother–Infant Attachment
					Physical Examination
					Interactional Abilities
					Modulation of Arousal
					Behavioral States
					Mutual Regulation
				Implications for the Pediatrician
					Optimal Practices
					Assessing Parent–Infant Interactions
					Teaching About Individual Competencies
				Bibliography
		Chapter 22 - The First Year
			22 The First Year
				Keywords
				Keywords
				Age 0-2 Months
					Physical Development
					Cognitive Development
					Emotional Development
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				Age 2-6 Months
					Physical Development
					Cognitive Development
					Emotional Development and Communication
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				Age 6-12 Months
					Physical Development
					Cognitive Development
					Emotional Development
					Communication
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				22.1 Infant Crying and Colic
				Bibliography
					Infant Crying and Colic
		Chapter 23 - The Second Year
			23 The Second Year
				Keywords
				Age 12-18 Months
					Physical Development
					Cognitive Development
					Emotional Development
					Linguistic Development
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				Age 18-24 Months
					Physical Development
					Cognitive Development
					Emotional Development
					Linguistic Development
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				Bibliography
		Chapter 24 - The Preschool Years
			24 The Preschool Years
				Keywords
				Structural Development of the Brain
				Physical Development
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				Language, Cognition, and Play
					Language
					Cognition
					Play
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
					Emotional and Moral Development
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				Bibliography
		Chapter 25 - Middle Childhood
			25 Middle Childhood
				Keywords
				Physical Development
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				Cognitive Development
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				Social, Emotional, and Moral Development
					Social and Emotional Development
					Moral Development
					Implications for Parents and Pediatricians
				Bibliography
		Chapter 26 - Adolescence
			26 Adolescence
		Chapter 27 - Assessment of Growth
			27 Assessment of Growth
				Keywords
				Techniques to Measure Growth
				Growth Curves
					Normal Growth
					Abnormal Growth
					Evaluation of Abnormal Growth
				Other Growth Considerations
					Obesity
					Dental Development
				Bibliography
		Chapter 28 - Developmental and Behavioral Surveillance and Screening
			28 Developmental and Behavioral Surveillance and Screening
				Keywords
				Developmental and Behavioral Surveillance
					The Developmental and Behavioral Histories
					Observation
				Developmental and Behavioral Screening
					Evidence-Based Tools
					Screening Test Properties
				Beyond Surveillance and Screening
					Comprehensive Evaluation
					Referral and Intervention
					Ongoing Management
					Implementation
				Bibliography
					Resources
		Chapter 29 - Childcare
			29 Childcare
				Keywords
				Provision, Regulation, and Use of Childcare in America
					Childcare Settings
					Childcare Licensing, Regulation, and Accreditation
				Childcare’s Role in Child Health and Development
					Characteristics of Childcare and Associations With Child Developmental Outcomes
					Sick Children
					Childcare and Child Health
					Childcare and Children With Special Needs
				Role of Pediatric Providers in Childcare
					Advising Parents on Childcare Selection
					Advising Parents on Childcare Health Issues
					Helping Children With Special Needs
					Consulting and Partnering With Childcare Providers
				Bibliography
		Chapter 30 - Loss, Separation, and Bereavement
			30 Loss, Separation, and Bereavement
				Keywords
				Separation and Loss
				Divorce
				Move/Family Relocation
				Separation Because of Hospitalization
				Military Families
				Parental/Sibling Death
				Grief and Bereavement
				Developmental Perspective
				Role of the Pediatrician in Grief
				Treatment
				Spiritual Issues
				Bibliography
		Chapter 31 - Sleep Medicine
			31 Sleep Medicine
				Keywords
				Basics of Sleep and Chronobiology
				Developmental Changes in Sleep
				Common Sleep Disorders
					Insomnia of Childhood
					Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Parasomnias
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Sleep-Related Movement Disorders: Restless Legs Syndrome/Periodic Limb Movement Disorder and Rhythmic Movements
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Narcolepsy
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Delayed Sleep–Wake Phase Disorder
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
				Health Supervision
				Evaluation of Pediatric Sleep Problems
				Bibliography
	3- III Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
		Chapter 32 - Psychosocial Assessment and Interviewing
			III Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders
				32 Psychosocial Assessment and Interviewing
					Keywords
					Aims of Assessment
					Presenting Problems
					General Principles of the Psychosocial Interview
					Indications for Referral
					Psychiatric Diagnostic Evaluation
					Special Considerations in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Infants and Young Children
					Bibliography
		Chapter 33 - Psychopharmacology
			33 Psychopharmacology
				Keywords
				Stimulants and Other ADHD Medications
				Antidepressants
				Antipsychotics
				Mood Stabilizers
				Medication Use in Physical Illness
					Hepatic Disease
					Gastrointestinal Disease
					Renal Disease
					Cardiac Disease
					Respiratory Disease
					Neurologic Disease
					Principles for Psychotropic Prescribing in Primary Care
				Bibliography
		Chapter 34 - Psychotherapy and Psychiatric Hospitalization
			34 Psychotherapy and Psychiatric Hospitalization
				Keywords
				Psychotherapy
					Behavior Therapy
					Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
					Interpersonal Psychotherapy
					Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
					Supportive Psychotherapy
					Family Therapy
					Parenting Interventions
					Common Elements of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies
					Modular Therapy Packages
					Common Elements of Treatment Engagement Interventions
					Psychotherapy in the Medical Home
				Psychiatric Hospitalization
				Bibliography
		Chapter 35 - Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
			35 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Risk Factors
					Individual
						Temperament/Coping Styles
						Learned Behavior
						Psychiatric Comorbidity
						Childhood Physical Illness
					Family and Environmental
						Symptom Modeling
						Parental Responses
						School and Family Stressors
						Trauma
						Genetic and Biologic Vulnerabilities
				Assessment
					Medical
					Psychosocial
					Differential Diagnoses
				Management
					Treatment
					Treatment Setting
				Bibliography
		Chapter 36 - Rumination and Pica
			36 Rumination and Pica
				Keywords
				36.1 Rumination Disorder
					Epidemiology
					Etiology and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				36.2 Pica
					Epidemiology
					Etiology and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 37 - Motor Disorders and Habits
			37 Motor Disorders and Habits
				Keywords
				37.1 Tic Disorders
					Description
					Clinical Course
					Epidemiology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Comorbidities
					Etiology
					Sequelae
					Screening
					Assessment
					Treatment
				37.2 Stereotypic Movement Disorder
					Description
					Clinical Course
					Epidemiology
					Comorbidity
					Differential Diagnosis
					Etiology
					Treatment
					Habits
						Thumb Sucking
						Bruxism
				Bibliography
		Chapter 38 - Anxiety Disorders
			38 Anxiety Disorders
				Keywords
				Anxiety Associated With Medical Conditions
				Safety and Efficacy Concerns About SSRIs
				Bibliography
		Chapter 39 - Mood Disorders
			39 Mood Disorders
				Keywords
				39.1 Major and Other Depressive Disorders
					Description
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Course
					Differential Diagnosis
					Comorbidity
					Sequelae
					Etiology and Risk Factors
					Prevention
					Screening/Case Finding
					Early Intervention
					Treatment
					Level of Care
					Bibliography
				39.2 Bipolar and Related Disorders
					Description
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Course
					Differential Diagnosis
					Comorbidity
					Sequelae
					Etiology and Risk Factors
					Prevention
					Case Finding
					Treatment
					Level of Care
				Bibliography
		Chapter 40 - Suicide and Attempted Suicide
			40 Suicide and Attempted Suicide
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
					Suicidal Ideation and Attempts
					Suicide Completions
				Risk Factors
					Preexisting Mental Disorder
					Cognitive Distortions
					Biologic Factors
					Social, Environmental, and Cultural Factors
						Protective Factors
				Assessment and Intervention
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 41 - Eating Disorders
			41 Eating Disorders
				Keywords
				Definitions
				Epidemiology
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Differential Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Complications
				Treatment
					Principles Guiding Primary Care Treatment
					Nutrition and Physical Activity
					Primary Care Treatment
					Referral to Mental Health Services
					Referral to an Interdisciplinary Eating Disorder Team
					Supportive Care
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 42 - Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
			42 Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
				Keywords
				Description
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Course
				Differential Diagnosis
				Comorbidity
				Sequelae
				Etiology and Risk Factors
				Prevention
				Screening/Case Finding
				Early Intervention
				Treatment
				Level of Care
				Bibliography
		Chapter 43 - Tantrums and Breath-Holding Spells
			43 Tantrums and Breath-Holding Spells
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 44 - Lying, Stealing, and Truancy
			44 Lying, Stealing, and Truancy
				Keywords
				Lying
				Stealing
				Truancy
				Bibliography
		Chapter 45 - Aggression
			45 Aggression
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 46 - Self-Injurious Behavior
			46 Self-Injurious Behavior
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 47 - Childhood Psychoses
			47 Childhood Psychoses
				Keywords
				47.1 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
					Description
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Course
					Differential Diagnosis
					Comorbidity
					Sequelae
					Etiology and Risk Factors
						Genetic Factors
						Environmental Factors
					Neuroanatomic Abnormalities
					Prevention
					Screening/Case Finding
					Assessment
					Treatment
						Pharmacotherapy
					Bibliography
				47.2 Psychosis Associated With Epilepsy
					Bibliography
				47.3 Catatonia in Children and Adolescents
					Diagnosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				47.4 Acute Phobic Hallucinations of Childhood
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
	4- IV Learning and Developmental Disorders
		Chapter 48 - Neurodevelopmental and Executive Function and Dysfunction
			IV Learning and Developmental Disorders
				48 Neurodevelopmental and Executive Function and Dysfunction
					Keywords
					Terminology and Epidemiology
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Core Neurodevelopmental Functions
						Sensory and Motor Function
						Language
						Visual-Spatial/Visual-Perceptual Function
						Intellectual Function
						Memory
						Social Cognition
						Executive Function
					Clinical Manifestations
						Academic Problems
						Nonacademic Problems
					Assessment and Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Demystification
						Bypass Strategies (Accommodations)
						Treatment of Neurodevelopmental Dysfunctions
						Treatment of Executive Dysfunction
						Developmental Therapy
						Curriculum Modifications
						Strengthening of Strengths
						Individual and Family Counseling
						Nonstandard Therapies
						Medication
					Bibliography
		Chapter 49 - Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
			49 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Clinical Interview and History
					Behavior Rating Scales
					Physical Examination and Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Psychosocial Treatments
						Behaviorally Oriented Treatments
					Medications
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 50 - Dyslexia
			50 Dyslexia
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Management
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 51 - Math and Writing Disabilities
			51 Math and Writing Disabilities
				51.1 Math Disabilities
					Keywords
					Math Learning Disability Defined
						Terminology
					Epidemiology
						Prevalence
						Risk Factors
							Genetics
							Medical/Genetic Conditions
						Comorbidities
					Causes of Math Learning Disability
						Broad Cognitive Processes
							Intelligence
							Working Memory
							Processing Speed
						Math-Specific Processes
							Procedural Errors
							Memory for Math Facts
					Treatment and Interventions
					Bibliography
				51.2 Writing Disabilities
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Skill Deficits Associated With Impaired Writing
						Transcription
						Oral Language
						Executive Functions
						Working Memory
					Treatment
						Educational Resources
					Bibliography
		Chapter 52 - Language Development and Communication Disorders
			52 Language Development and Communication Disorders
				Keywords
				Normal Language Development
					Receptive Language Development
					Expressive Language Development
					Variations of Normal
				Language and Communication Disorders
					Epidemiology
					Etiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
						Classification
						Language Disorder or Specific Language Impairment
						Higher-Level Language Disorder
					Intellectual Disability
					Autism Spectrum Disorder
					Asperger Syndrome
					Selective Mutism
					Isolated Expressive Language Disorder
				Motor Speech Disorders
					Dysarthria
					Childhood Apraxia of Speech
					Speech Sound Disorder
				Hearing Impairment
				Hydrocephalus
				Rare Causes of Language Impairment
					Hyperlexia
					Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (Verbal Auditory Agnosia)
					Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Disorders
					Screening
				Noncauses of Language Delay
					Diagnostic Evaluation
						Psychologic Evaluation
						Cognitive Assessment
					Evaluation of Social Behaviors
						Relationship of Language and Social Behaviors to Mental Age
					Speech and Language Evaluation
					Medical Evaluation
				Treatment
				Prognosis
					Academic Disorders
				Comorbid Disorders
					Emotional and Behavioral Difficulty
					Motor and Coordination Delays
				52.1 Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Genetics
					Etiology
					Comorbidities
					Developmental Progression
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 53 - Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability
			53 Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability
				Keywords
				Definition
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnostic Evaluation
				Differential Diagnosis
				Diagnostic Psychologic Testing
				Complications
				Prevention
				Treatment
				Supportive Care and Management
					Primary Care
					Interdisciplinary Management
					Periodic Reevaluation
					Federal and Education Services
					Leisure and Recreational Activities
					Family Counseling
					Transition to Adulthood
				Prognosis
				53.1 Intellectual Disability With Regression
				Bibliography
		Chapter 54 - Autism Spectrum Disorder
			54 Autism Spectrum Disorder
				Keywords
				Definition
				Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
					Social Communication and Social Interaction
						Social-Emotional Reciprocity
						Nonverbal Communicative Behavior
					Developing, Maintaining, and Understanding Relationships
					Restrictive and Repetitive Behavior
						Stereotyped Motor Movements or Speech
						Insistence on Sameness
						Restricted Interests
						Hypo- or Hyperreactivity to Sensory Input
					Severity Levels Defined in DSM-5
					Specifiers Defined in DSM-5
				Epidemiology
				Etiology
				Differential Diagnosis
				Comorbid Conditions
				Screening
				Assessment
					First Tier
					Second Tier
				Treatment and Management
					Educational
					Co-occurring Conditions
					Pharmacology
					Complementary and Alternative Medicine
					Transition
				Outcome
				Bibliography
	5- V Nutrition
		Chapter 55 - Nutritional Requirements
			V Nutrition
				55 Nutritional Requirements
					Keywords
					Dietary Reference Intakes
					Energy
					Fat
					Protein
					Carbohydrates
					Fiber
					Micronutrients
						Iron
						Vitamin D
						Calcium
						Vitamin K
						Electrolytes
					Water
					Measuring Nutritional Adequacy
					Bibliography
		Chapter 56 - Feeding Healthy Infants, Children, and Adolescents
			56 Feeding Healthy Infants, Children, and Adolescents
				Keywords
				Feeding During the First Year of Life
					Breastfeeding
					Nipple Pain
					Engorgement
					Mastitis
					Inadequate Milk Intake
					Jaundice
					Breast Milk Collection
					Growth of the Breastfed Infant
					Formula Feeding (Fig. 56.1)
				Cow’s Milk Protein–Based Formulas
				Soy Formulas
				Protein Hydrolysate Formulas
				Amino Acid Formulas
				Milk and Other Fluids in Infants and Toddlers
				Complementary Feeding
				Feeding Toddlers and Preschool-Age Children
					Feeding Practices
					Eating in the Daycare Setting
				Feeding School-Age Children and Adolescents
					MyPlate
					Eating at Home
					Eating at School
					Eating Out
				Nutrition Issues of Importance Across Pediatric Ages
					Food Environment
					Using Food as Reward
					Cultural Considerations in Nutrition and Feeding
					Vegetarianism
					Organic Foods
					Nutrition as Part of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Functional Foods, Dietary Supplements, Vitamin Supplements, and Botanical and Herbal Products
					Food Safety
					Preventive Nutrition Counseling in Pediatric Primary Care
					U.S. Food Assistance Programs
				Bibliography
		Chapter 57 - Nutrition, Food Security, and Health
			57 Nutrition, Food Security, and Health
				Keywords
				Malnutrition as the Intersection of Food Insecurity and Health Insecurity
				Food Security
					Measuring Food Insecurity
					Nutrition, Food Security, and Poverty
					Food Security and Nutrition Targets
					Future Food Security
				Undernutrition
					Measurement of Undernutrition
					Prevalence of Undernutrition
					Consequences of Undernutrition
						Key Interventions
					Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Undernutrition
				Severe Acute Malnutrition
					Clinical Manifestations of Severe Acute Malnutrition (Table 57.6)
					Pathophysiology
					Principles of Treatment
						Emergency Treatment
						Stabilization
						Rehabilitation
						Community-Based Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 58 - Refeeding Syndrome
			58 Refeeding Syndrome
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 59 - Malnutrition
			59 Malnutrition
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Etiology and Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 60 - Overweight and Obesity
			60 Overweight and Obesity
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Body Mass Index
				Etiology
					Environmental Changes
					Genetics
					Microbiome
					Endocrine and Neural Physiology
				Comorbidities
				Identification
				Evaluation
				Intervention
				Prevention
				60.1 Rapid-Onset Obesity With Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypoventilation, and Autonomic Dysregulation (ROHHAD)
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Management
					Etiology: Studies and Hypotheses
						Genetic Studies
						Paraneoplastic/Autoimmune Hypothesis
						Neurocristopathy
					Differential Diagnosis
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 61 - Vitamin A Deficiencies and Excess
			61 Vitamin A Deficiencies and Excess
				Keywords
				Overview of Vitamin A
				Metabolism of Vitamin A
					Vitamin A Status in Neonates
					Inflammation Causing Low Plasma Retinol
				Functions of Vitamin A and Mechanisms of Action
				Vitamin A Deficiency
					Clinical Manifestations of Vitamin A Deficiency
					Diagnosis
					Epidemiology and Public Health Issues
					Dietary Reference Intakes for the Healthy Population
					Vitamin A for Treatment of Deficiency
				Hypervitaminosis A
				Bibliography
		Chapter 62 - Vitamin B Complex Deficiencies and Excess
			62 Vitamin B Complex Deficiencies and Excess
				62.1 Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
					Keywords
					Thiamine Deficiency
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Prevention
						Treatment
					Thiamine Toxicity
					Bibliography
				62.2 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
					Keywords
					Riboflavin Deficiency
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Prevention
						Treatment
					Riboflavin Toxicity
					Bibliography
				62.3 Niacin (Vitamin B3)
					Keywords
					Niacin Deficiency
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Prevention
						Treatment
					Niacin Toxicity
					Bibliography
				62.4 Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
					Keywords
					Vitamin B6 Deficiency
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Prevention
						Treatment
					Vitamin B6 Toxicity
					Bibliography
				62.5 Biotin
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				62.6 Folate
					Keywords
					Folate Deficiency
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Prevention
						Treatment
					Folate Toxicity
					Bibliography
				62.7 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
					Keywords
					Vitamin B12 Deficiency
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prevention
					Bibliography
		Chapter 63 - Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency and Excess
			63 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency and Excess
				Keywords
				Dietary Needs and Sources of Vitamin C
				Vitamin C Deficiency
					Clinical Features
					Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
				Vitamin C Toxicity
				Bibliography
		Chapter 64 - Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets) and Excess
			64 Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets) and Excess
				Keywords
				Rickets
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Radiology
					Diagnosis
					Clinical Evaluation
				Vitamin D Disorders
					Vitamin D Physiology
					Nutritional Vitamin D Deficiency
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prognosis
						Prevention
					Congenital Vitamin D Deficiency
					Secondary Vitamin D Deficiency
						Etiology
						Treatment
					Vitamin D–Dependent Rickets, Type 1
						Treatment
					Vitamin D–Dependent Rickets, Type 2
						Treatment
					Chronic Kidney Disease
						Treatment
				Calcium Deficiency
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Phosphorus Deficiency
					Inadequate Intake
					Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
					X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets
						Pathophysiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
						Prognosis
					Autosomal Dominant Hypophosphatemic Rickets
					Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets
					Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets With Hypercalciuria
						Pathophysiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Overproduction of FGF-23
					Fanconi Syndrome
					Dent Disease
				Rickets of Prematurity
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis
					Prevention
					Treatment
				Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
				Hypervitaminosis D
					Etiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 65 - Vitamin E Deficiency
			65 Vitamin E Deficiency
				Keywords
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 66 - Vitamin K Deficiency
			66 Vitamin K Deficiency
				Keywords
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 67 - Micronutrient Mineral Deficiencies
			67 Micronutrient Mineral Deficiencies
				Keywords
				Bibliography
	6- VI Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
		Chapter 68 - Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders
			VI Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
				68 Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders
					68.1 Composition of Body Fluids
						Keywords
						Total Body Water
						Fluid Compartments
						Electrolyte Composition
						Osmolality
						Point-of-Care Testing
						Bibliography
							Composition of Body Fluids
					68.2 Regulation of Osmolality and Volume
						Keywords
						Regulation of Osmolality
						Regulation of Volume
						Bibliography
							Regulation of Osmolality and Volume
					68.3 Sodium
						Keywords
						Sodium Metabolism
							Body Content and Physiologic Function
							Sodium Intake
							Sodium Excretion
						Hypernatremia
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Hyponatremia
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Bibliography
							Sodium
					68.4 Potassium
						Keywords
						Potassium Metabolism
							Body Content and Physiologic Function
							Potassium Intake
							Potassium Excretion
						Hyperkalemia
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Hypokalemia
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Bibliography
							Potassium
					68.5 Magnesium
						Keywords
						Magnesium Metabolism
							Body Content and Physiologic Function
							Magnesium Intake
							Magnesium Excretion
						Hypomagnesemia
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Hypermagnesemia
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Bibliography
							Magnesium
					68.6 Phosphorus
						Keywords
						Phosphorus Metabolism
							Body Content and Physiologic Function
							Phosphorus Intake
							Phosphorus Excretion
						Hypophosphatemia
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Hyperphosphatemia
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Bibliography
							Phosphorus
					68.7 Acid-Base Balance
						Keywords
						Acid-Base Physiology
							Terminology
							Physiologic Buffers
						Normal Acid-Base Balance
							Renal Mechanisms
						Clinical Assessment of Acid-Base Disorders
							Terminology
							Diagnosis
						Metabolic Acidosis
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Metabolic Alkalosis
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Respiratory Acidosis
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Respiratory Alkalosis
							Etiology and Pathophysiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Bibliography
							Acid-Base Balance
		Chapter 69 - Maintenance and Replacement Therapy
			69 Maintenance and Replacement Therapy
				Keywords
				Maintenance Therapy
				Maintenance Water
				Intravenous Solutions
				Glucose
				Selection of Maintenance Fluids
				Variations in Maintenance Water and Electrolytes
				Replacement Fluids
				Bibliography
		Chapter 70 - Deficit Therapy
			70 Deficit Therapy
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Calculation of the Fluid Deficit
				Approach to Severe Dehydration
				Monitoring and Adjusting Therapy
				Hyponatremic Dehydration
				Hypernatremic Dehydration
				Bibliography
		Chapter 71 - Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders
			71 Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders
				Acute Diarrhea
				Pyloric Stenosis
				Perioperative Fluids
	7- VII Pediatric Drug Therapy
		Chapter 72 - Pediatric Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Pharmacoproteomics
			VII Pediatric Drug Therapy
				72 Pediatric Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Pharmacoproteomics
					Keywords
					Definition of Terms
					Developmental or Pediatric Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics
						Pharmacoproteomic and Metabolomic Tools
					Drug Biotransformation: Applications to Pediatric Therapy
						CYP2D6
						CYP2C9
						CYP2C19
						CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7
						Glucuronosyl Transferases (UGTs)
						Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase
					Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters
						Adenosine Triphosphate–Binding Cassette Superfamily
						Organic Anion–Transporting Polypeptides
						Organic Cation Transporters
					Polymorphisms in Drug Receptors
					Current and Future Applications in Pediatrics
					Bibliography
		Chapter 73 - Principles of Drug Therapy
			73 Principles of Drug Therapy
				Keywords
				General Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Principles
				Impact of Ontogeny on Drug Disposition
					Drug Absorption
						Peroral Absorption
						Extravascular Drug Absorption
					Drug Distribution
					Drug Metabolism
					Renal Drug Elimination
				Impact of Ontogeny on Pharmacodynamics
					Surrogate Endpoints
				Additional Considerations in Pediatric Therapeutics
					Pediatric Dose and Regimen Selection
					Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
				Drug Formulation and Administration
					Peroral Drug Administration
					Parenteral Drug Administration
					Other Routes for Drug Administration
				Adherence and Compliance
				Drug-Drug Interactions
				Adverse Drug Reactions
				Personalized Medicine
				Bibliography
		Chapter 74 - Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
			74 Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
				Keywords
				Preanesthetic Evaluation
					Respiratory System
					Airway Evaluation
					Cardiovascular System
					Hematologic System
					Neurologic System
					Psychological Assessment
					Genetic Evaluation
				Preoperative Preparation
					Preoperative Fasting
						The Full Stomach
					Parental Presence During Induction of Anesthesia
				General Anesthesia
					Analgesia
					Hypnosis and Amnesia
					Akinesia (Immobility or Muscular Relaxation)
					Monitoring
					Specific Medications
						Inhalational Anesthetics
							Respiratory Effects.
							Cardiovascular Effects.
						Sevoflurane
						Isoflurane
						Desflurane
						Nitrous Oxide
					Intravenous Anesthetic Agents
						Propofol
						Etomidate
						Ketamine
						Opioids
						Benzodiazepines
						Dexmedetomidine
						Barbiturates
						Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
				Induction of General Anesthesia
					Complications During Induction
				Maintenance of Anesthesia
					Temperature Management
					Fluid Management
				Postanesthesia Care Unit
					Postanesthetic Complications
						Awareness During Anesthesia
						Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
						Thermoregulation and Malignant Hyperthermia
						Mediastinal Masses
						Postoperative Apnea
				Postoperative Pain Management
					Regional Anesthesia
				74.1 Anesthetic Neurotoxicity
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 75 - Procedural Sedation
			75 Procedural Sedation
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 76 - Pediatric Pain Management
			76 Pediatric Pain Management
				Keywords
				Definition and Categories of Pain
				Assessment and Measurement of Pain in Children
					Age-Specific and Developmentally Specific Measures
						The Newborn and Infant
						The Older Child
						The Cognitively Impaired Child
				Conceptual Framework for Treatment of Pediatric Pain
					Pharmacologic Treatment of Pain
						Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory, and Coxib Drugs
						Opioids
						Local Anesthetics
				Unconventional Medications in Pediatric Pain
					Antidepressant Medications
					Antiepileptic Drugs
					Benzodiazepines
					Antipsychotics and Major Sedatives
					Other Pain Control Medications
				Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Pain
				Invasive Interventions for Treating Pain
					Head and Neck Blocks
					Upper-Extremity Blocks
					Trunk and Abdominal Visceral Blocks
						Lower-Extremity Blocks
					Sympathetic Blocks
					Epidural Anesthesia (Thoracic, Lumbar, and Caudal)
				Intrathecal Analgesia
				Nerve Ablation and Destruction
				Considerations for Special Pediatric Populations
					Pain Perception and Effects of Pain on Newborns and Infants
					Children With Cancer Pain
					Children With Pain Associated With Advanced Disease
				Chronic and Recurrent Pain Syndromes
					Neuropathic Pain Syndromes
					Myofascial Pain Disorders and Fibromyalgia
					Erythromelalgia
					Other Chronic Pain Conditions in Children
				Managing Complex Chronic Pain Problems
				Bibliography
		Chapter 77 - Poisoning
			77 Poisoning
				Keywords
				Prevention
				Approach to the Poisoned Patient
					History
						Symptoms
						Past Medical and Developmental History
						Social History
					Physical Examination
					Laboratory Evaluation
					Additional Diagnostic Testing
				Principles of Management
					Supportive Care
					Decontamination
						Syrup of Ipecac
						Gastric Lavage
						Single-Dose Activated Charcoal
						Whole-Bowel Irrigation
					Directed Therapy
						Antidotal Therapy
						Intralipid Emulsion Therapy
					Enhanced Elimination
						Urinary Alkalinization
						Hemodialysis
						Multidose Activated Charcoal
				Select Compounds in Pediatric Poisoning
					Pharmaceuticals
						Analgesics
							Acetaminophen.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
									1. Prophylactic.
									2. Hepatic Injury.
									3. Acute Liver Failure.
									4. Repeated Supratherapeutic Ingestion.
							Salicylates.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Ibuprofen and Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs).
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Prescription Opioids.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
						Cardiovascular Medications
							β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Calcium Channel Blockers.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Clonidine.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Digoxin.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Iron.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
						Oral Hypoglycemics
							Pathophysiology.
							Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
							Treatment.
						Psychiatric Medications: Antidepressants
							Tricyclic Antidepressants.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
									1. Altered Mental State.
									2. Widened QRS on ECG.
									3. Hypotension.
									4. Seizures.
							Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Atypical Antidepressants.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.
						Psychiatric Medications: Antipsychotics
							Pathophysiology.
							Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
							Management.
					Household Products
						Caustics
							Pathophysiology.
							Clinical Manifestations.
							Treatment.
						Pesticides
							Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Insecticides.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids.
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
						Hydrocarbons
							Pathophysiology.
							Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
							Treatment.
						Toxic Alcohols
							Methanol
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
							Ethylene Glycol
								Pathophysiology.
								Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
								Treatment.
					Plants
					Toxic Gases
						Carbon Monoxide
							Pathophysiology.
							Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
							Treatment.
						Hydrogen Cyanide
							Pathophysiology.
							Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
							Treatment.
					Miscellaneous Toxic Agents Found in the Home
						Nicotine-Containing Products
							Pathophysiology.
							Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations.
							Treatment.
						Single-Use Detergent Sacs
						Electric Dishwasher Detergent
						Magnets
						Batteries
				Bibliography
		Chapter 78 - Complementary Therapies and Integrative Medicine
			78 Complementary Therapies and Integrative Medicine
				Keywords
				Dietary Supplements
				Dietary Supplement Safety
				Dietary Supplement Efficacy
				Massage and Chiropractic
				Mind-Body Therapies
				Acupuncture
				Cannabis
					Internet Resources
				Bibliography
	8- VIII Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
		Chapter 79 - Emergency Medical Services for Children
			VIII Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
				79 Emergency Medical Services for Children
					Keywords
					Primary Care Physician and Office Preparedness
						Staff Training and Continuing Education
						Protocols
						Resuscitation Equipment
						Transport
					Pediatric Prehospital Care
						Access to the EMS System
						Provider Capability
						Destination Determination
					The Emergency Department
						Disaster Preparedness
					79.1 Interfacility Transport of the Seriously Ill or Injured Pediatric Patient
						Keywords
						Communications and Dispatch Center
						Medical Control Physician
						Transport Team
						Ground vs Air Ambulance
						Transport Physiology
						Safety
						Family-Centered Care
						Referring Hospital Responsibilities
						Educational Outreach
						Bibliography
					79.2 Outcomes and Risk Adjustment of Pediatric Emergency Medical Services
						Keywords
						Outcome Measures in Emergency Medical Services for Children
						Risk Adjustment
							Risk Adjustment Tools in the ED
								Pediatric Risk of Admission II
								Revised Pediatric Emergency Assessment Tool
						Bibliography
					79.3 Principles Applicable to the Developing World
						Keywords
						Continuum-of-Care Model
							Prevention
								Infectious Diseases
								Injuries
							Out-of-Hospital Care
								Access to Care
								Prehospital Care
								Methods of Transport
							Hospital-Based Care
								Triage
								Pediatric-Specific Emergency Centers
								Practitioners
								Clinical Guidelines
								Trauma
								Equipment
								Inpatient Services
						Humanitarian Disasters
							Exchange and Dissemination of Information
						Bibliography
					Bibliography
		Chapter 80 - Triage of the Acutely Ill Child
			80 Triage of the Acutely Ill Child
				Keywords
				Assessment of Vital Signs
				History
				Physical Examination
				Management
				Disposition
				Bibliography
		Chapter 81 - Pediatric Emergencies and Resuscitation
			81 Pediatric Emergencies and Resuscitation
				Keywords
				Approach to the Emergency Evaluation of a Child
					General Assessment
					Primary Assessment
						Airway and Breathing
						Circulation
						Disability
							Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive Pediatric Response Scale.
							Glasgow Coma Scale.
						Exposure
					Secondary Assessment
						Tertiary Assessment
				Recognition and Treatment of Respiratory Distress and Failure
					Airway Obstruction
					Airway Narrowing
					Parenchymal Lung Disease
					Advanced Airway Management Techniques
						Bag-Valve-Mask Positive Pressure Ventilation
						Endotracheal Intubation
				Recognition and Management of Shock
				Recognition of Bradyarrhythmias and Tachyarrhythmias
					Bradyarrhythmias
					Tachyarrhythmias
				Recognition and Management of Cardiac Arrest
				Vascular Access
					Venous Access
					Intraosseous Access
					Arterial Access
				Nonvascular Emergency Procedures
					Thoracentesis and Chest Tube Placement
					Pericardiocentesis
				Postresuscitation Care
				Bibliography
		Chapter 82 - Acute Care of Multiple Trauma
			82 Acute Care of Multiple Trauma
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Regionalization and Trauma Teams
				Primary Survey
					Airway/Cervical Spine
					Breathing
					Circulation
					Neurologic Deficit
					Exposure and Environmental Control
				Secondary Survey
					Head Trauma
					Cervical Spine Trauma
					Thoracic Trauma
					Abdominal Trauma
					Pelvic Trauma
					Lower Genitourinary Trauma
					Extremity Trauma
					Radiologic and Laboratory Evaluation
				Psychological and Social Support
				Bibliography
		Chapter 83 - Spinal Cord Injuries in Children
			83 Spinal Cord Injuries in Children
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Clearing the Cervical Spine in Children
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 84 - Care of Abrasions and Minor Lacerations
			84 Care of Abrasions and Minor Lacerations
				Keywords
				Lacerations and Cuts
					Epidemiology
					Evaluation
					Treatment
				Abrasions
					Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 85 - Neurologic Emergencies and Stabilization
			85 Neurologic Emergencies and Stabilization
				Keywords
				Neurocritical Care Principles
				Traumatic Brain Injury
					Etiology and Epidemiology
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Supportive Care
					Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 86 - Brain Death
			86 Brain Death
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Coma
					Brainstem Reflexes
					Apnea
				Observation Periods
				Ancillary Studies
				Documentation
				Supportive Care
				Objections to the Idea of Brain Death
				Bibliography
		Chapter 87 - Syncope
			87 Syncope
				Keywords
				Mechanisms
				Evaluation
				Treatment
				87.1 Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
					Keywords
					Clinical Presentation
					Diagnosis
					Management
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 88 - Shock
			88 Shock
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Types of Shock
				Pathophysiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
					Initial Management
					Additional Early Considerations
					Considerations for Continued Therapy
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 89 - Respiratory Distress and Failure
			89 Respiratory Distress and Failure
				Keywords
				Respiratory Distress
					Respiratory Disease Manifesting as Respiratory Distress
					Respiratory Distress Without Respiratory Disease
						Cardiovascular Disease Manifesting as Respiratory Distress
						Neurologic Disease Manifesting as Respiratory Distress
						Toxic Metabolic States Manifesting as Respiratory Distress
						Other Nonpulmonary Entities Manifesting as Respiratory Distress
				Respiratory Failure
					Pathophysiology
						Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch
						Diffusion
				Monitoring a Child in Respiratory Distress and Respiratory Failure
					Clinical Examination
					Blood Gas Abnormalities
					Acid-Base Abnormalities
						Metabolic Acidosis With Respiratory Compensation
						Respiratory Acidosis With Metabolic Compensation
					Assessment of Oxygenation and Ventilation Deficits
				Management
					Oxygen Administration
					Airway Adjuncts
					Inhaled Gases
					Positive Pressure Respiratory Support
					Endotracheal Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation
					Transient Manual Ventilation in Immediate Preintubation and Postintubation Periods
				89.1 Mechanical Ventilation
					Keywords
					Basic Concepts of Ventilator Management
						Equation of Motion
						Functional Residual Capacity
						Time Constant
						Critical Opening Pressure
					Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation
					Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
						Initiation of Inspiration and the Control Variable (Mode)
							Control Modes
								Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation Mode.
								Assist-Control Mode.
							Control Variable
							Support Modes
						Inspiratory Phase Characteristics
						Termination of Inspiration (Cycle)
						Expiratory Phase Maneuvers
					Additional Ventilatory Modalities
						Airway Pressure Release Ventilation
						High-Frequency Ventilation
					Conventional Ventilator Settings
						Fraction of Inspired Oxygen
						Mode
						Tidal Volume and Rate
						Inspiratory Time and Expiratory Time
						Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
					Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony
						Triggering the Ventilator
						Selection of Appropriate Inspiratory Time
						Selection of Inspiratory Flow Pattern
						Use of Support Modes
						Use of Sedation and Pharmacologic Neuromuscular Blockade
						Cardiopulmonary Interactions
					Monitoring Respiratory Mechanics
						Exhaled Tidal Volume
						Peak Inspiratory Pressure
						Respiratory System Dynamic Compliance and Static Compliance
						Assessment of Auto-PEEP
						Assessment of Dead Space Ventilation
					Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
						Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
						Weaning
				89.2 Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 90 - Altitude-Associated Illness in Children (Acute Mountain Sickness)
			90 Altitude-Associated Illness in Children (Acute Mountain Sickness)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				General Effects of Hypobaric Hypoxia
					Acclimatization
				Acute Mountain Sickness
					Epidemiology and Risk Factors
					Pathophysiology
					Prevention
					Diagnosis
					Periodic Breathing
					Management
				High-Altitude Cerebral Edema
				High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
					Epidemiology and Risk Factors
					Pathophysiology
					Diagnosis
					Management
				Special Considerations
					Reentry HAPE
					Travel With Young Infants
					Sickle Trait and Sickle Cell Disease
				Bibliography
		Chapter 91 - Drowning and Submersion Injury
			91 Drowning and Submersion Injury
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
					Children <1 Yr Old
					Children 1-4 Yr Old
					School-Age Children
					Adolescents
					Underlying Conditions
					Alcohol Use
					Sports and Recreation
					Global Impact of Drowning
				Pathophysiology
					Anoxic-Ischemic Injury
					Pulmonary Injury
					Cold Water Injury
				Management
					Initial Evaluation and Resuscitation
					Hospital-Based Evaluation and Treatment
						Cardiorespiratory Management
						Neurologic Management
					Other Management Issues
					Hypothermia Management
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 92 - Burn Injuries
			92 Burn Injuries
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Prevention
				Acute Care, Resuscitation, and Assessment
					Indications for Admission
					First Aid Measures
					Emergency Care
					Classification of Burns
					Estimation of Body Surface Area for a Burn
				Treatment
					Outpatient Management of Minor Burns
					Fluid Resuscitation
					Prevention of Infection and Surgical Management of the Burn Wound
					Nutritional Support
					Topical Therapy
					Inhalational Injury
					Pain Relief and Psychologic Adjustment
					Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
					School Reentry and Long-Term Outcome
				Electrical Burns
				Bibliography
					Useful Links
		Chapter 93 - Cold Injuries
			93 Cold Injuries
				Keywords
				Pathophysiology
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
					Frostnip
					Immersion Foot (Trench Foot)
					Frostbite
					Hypothermia
					Chilblain (Pernio)
				Cold-Induced Fat Necrosis (Panniculitis)
				Bibliography
	9- IX Human Genetics
		Chapter 94 - Integration of Genetics Into Pediatric Practice
			IX Human Genetics
				94 Integration of Genetics Into Pediatric Practice
					Keywords
					Diagnostic Testing
					Predictive Testing
					Predispositional Testing
					Pharmacogenetic Testing
					94.1 Genetic Counseling
						Talking to Families
						Genetic Counseling
							Specific Condition or Conditions
							Knowledge of the Diagnosis of the Particular Condition
							Natural History of the Condition
							Genetic Aspects of the Condition and Recurrence Risk
							Prenatal Diagnosis and Prevention
							Therapies and Referral
							Support Groups
							Follow-up
							Nondirective Counseling
					94.2 Management and Treatment of Genetic Disorders
						Physiologic Therapies
						Replacement Therapies
							Enzyme Replacement
							Transplantation
					Bibliography
		Chapter 95 - The Genetic Approach in Pediatric Medicine
			95 The Genetic Approach in Pediatric Medicine
				Keywords
				The Burden of Genetic Disorders in Childhood
				The Changing Paradigm of Genetics in Medicine
				Ethics Issues
				Bibliography
		Chapter 96 - The Human Genome
			96 The Human Genome
				Keywords
				Fundamentals of Molecular Genetics
				Genetic Variation
				Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Genetic Disease
				Human Genome Project
				Bibliography
		Chapter 97 - Patterns of Genetic Transmission
			97 Patterns of Genetic Transmission
				Keywords
				Family History and Pedigree Notation
				Mendelian Inheritance
					Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
					Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
					Pseudodominant Inheritance
					X-Linked Inheritance
				Y-Linked Inheritance
				Inheritance Associated With Pseudoautosomal Regions
				Digenic Inheritance
				Pseudogenetic Inheritance and Familial Clustering
				Nontraditional Inheritance
					Mitochondrial Inheritance
					Triplet Repeat Expansion Disorders
					Genetic Imprinting
				Multifactorial and Polygenic Inheritance
				Bibliography
		Chapter 98 - Cytogenetics
			98 Cytogenetics
				Keywords
				98.1 Methods of Chromosome Analysis
					Bibliography
						Methods of Chromosome Analysis
				98.2 Down Syndrome and Other Abnormalities of Chromosome Number
					Aneuploidy and Polyploidy
					Down Syndrome
					Bibliography
						Down Syndrome and Other Abnormalities of Chromosome Number
				98.3 Abnormalities of Chromosome Structure
					Translocations
					Inversions
					Deletions and Duplications
					Insertions
					Isochromosomes
					Marker and Ring Chromosomes
					Bibliography
						Abnormalities of Chromosome Structure
				98.4 Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy
					Turner Syndrome
					Klinefelter Syndrome
					47,XYY
					Bibliography
						Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy
				98.5 Fragile Chromosome Sites
					Bibliography
						Fragile Chromosome Sites
				98.6 Mosaicism
					Pallister-Killian Syndrome
					Hypomelanosis of Ito
				98.7 Chromosome Instability Syndromes
				98.8 Uniparental Disomy and Imprinting
					Uniparental Disomy
					Imprinting
					Bibliography
						Uniparental Disomy and Imprinting
		Chapter 99 - Genetics of Common Disorders
			99 Genetics of Common Disorders
				Keywords
				99.1 Major Genetic Approaches to the Study of Common Pediatric Disorders
					Linkage Mapping
					Genetic Association
				Bibliography
		Chapter 100 - Epigenome-Wide Association Studies and Disease
			100 Epigenome-Wide Association Studies and Disease
				Keywords
				Epigenetic Mechanisms of Disease: Viable Yellow Mouse Model
				Epigenetics and Regulation of Gene Expression
					Evolution of the Term “Epigenetics”
				Pediatric Diseases Involving Epigenetic Processes
				Epigenome-Wide Association Studies: DNA Methylation
				Cell Fate Variability as Model for Epigenetics and Disease
				Epigenetic Disease and Therapeutic Interventions
				Bibliography
		Chapter 101 - Genetic Approaches to Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases
			101 Genetic Approaches to Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases
				Keywords
				Scope of Genetic Disease
					NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program
				Clinical Evaluation
					Commercial Genetic Studies
				Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Arrays
				Exome Sequencing
				Gene Function Studies
				Pediatric Issues
					Considerations for Families of Undiagnosed Children
				The Diagnostic Spectrum
				Bibliography
	10- X Metabolic Disorders
		Chapter 102 - An Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism
			X Metabolic Disorders
				102 An Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism
					Keywords
					Newborn Screening
					Clinical Manifestations of Genetic Metabolic Diseases
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 103 - Defects in Metabolism of Amino Acids
			103 Defects in Metabolism of Amino Acids
				103.1 Phenylalanine
					Keywords
					Severe Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency (Classic Phenylketonuria)
						Clinical Manifestations
							Non-PKU Hyperphenylalaninemia
						Diagnosis
							Neonatal Screening for Hyperphenylalaninemia
						Treatment
						Pregnancy in Women With PAH Deficiency (Maternal Phenylketonuria)
					Hyperphenylalaninemia Caused by Deficiency of the Cofactor Tetrahydrobiopterin
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
							Measurement of Neopterin and Biopterin.
							Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies.
							BH4 Loading Test.
							Molecular Testing.
							Enzyme Assay.
						Treatment
						Genetics and Prevalence
					Tetrahydrobiopterin Defects Without Hyperphenylalaninemia
					Bibliography
				103.2 Tyrosine
					Keywords
					Tyrosinemia Type I (Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Deficiency, Hepatorenal Tyrosinemia)
						Clinical Manifestations and Natural History
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment and Outcome
						Genetics and Prevalence
					Tyrosinemia Type II (Tyrosine Aminotransferase Deficiency, Richner-Hanhart Syndrome, Oculocutaneous Tyrosinemia)
					Tyrosinemia Type III (Primary Deficiency of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase)
					Hawkinsinuria
					Transient Tyrosinemia of the Newborn
					Alkaptonuria
					Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency
					Albinism
						Oculocutaneous (Generalized) Albinism
							OCA1 (Tyrosinase-Deficient Albinism)
							OCA1 A (Tyrosinase-Negative OCA)
							OCA1 B
							OCA2 (Tyrosinase-Positive OCA)
							OCA3 (Rufous Albinism)
							OCA4
						Ocular Albinism
							Ocular Albinism Type 1 (Nettleship-Falls Ocular Albinism)
						Syndromic Forms of Generalized Albinism
							Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome
							Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
							Other Disorders Featuring Generalized Albinism
						Localized Albinism
							Piebaldism
							Waardenburg Syndrome
					Bibliography
				103.3 Methionine
					Keywords
					Homocystinuria (Homocystinemia)
						Homocystinuria Caused by Cystathionine β-Synthase Deficiency (Classic Homocystinuria)
						Homocystinuria Caused by Defects in Methylcobalamin Formation
						Homocystinuria Caused by Deficiency of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR Deficiency)
					Hypermethioninemia
						Primary (Genetic) Hypermethioninemia
							Classic Homocystinuria.
							Hepatic Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT I/MAT III) Deficiency (Mudd Disease).
							Glycine N-Methyltransferase Deficiency.
							S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase (SAHH) Deficiency.
							Tyrosinemia Type I.
							Citrin Deficiency.
						Acquired (Nongenetic) Hypermethioninemia
					Primary Cystathioninemia (Cystathioninuria)
					Bibliography
				103.4 Cysteine and Cystine
					Keywords
					Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency and Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency
					Bibliography
				103.5 Tryptophan
					Keywords
					Hartnup Disorder
					Bibliography
				103.6 Isoleucine, Leucine, Valine, and Related Organic Acidemias
					Keywords
					Maple Syrup Urine Disease
						Classic Maple Syrup Urine Disease
						Intermediate (Mild) Maple Syrup Urine Disease
						Intermittent Maple Syrup Urine Disease
						Thiamine-Responsive Maple Syrup Urine Disease
						Maple Syrup Urine Disease Caused by Deficiency of E3 Subunit (MSUD Type 3)
						Genetics and Prevalence of Maple Syrup Urine Disease
					Branched-Chain α-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase Kinase Deficiency
					Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transporter Deficiency
					Isovaleric Acidemia
					Multiple Carboxylase Deficiencies (Defects of Biotin Cycle)
						Holocarboxylase Synthetase Deficiency
						Biotinidase Deficiency
						Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency Caused by Acquired Biotin Deficiency
					3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency
					3-Methylglutaconic Acidurias
						3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency
						Barth Syndrome (TAZ-Related Disorder)
						OPA3-Related 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria (Costeff Syndrome)
						Disorders Formerly Described as 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type IV
						DCMA Syndrome (DNAJC19-Related Syndrome, 3-Methylglutaconic Aciduria Type V)
					β-Ketothiolase (3-Oxothiolase) Deficiency (Mitochondrial Acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase [T2] Deficiency)
					Cytosolic Acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase Deficiency
					Mitochondrial 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency
					3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaric Aciduria)
					Succinyl-CoA:3-Oxoacid-CoA Transferase Deficiency
					Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency
						Mevalonic Aciduria
						Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D Syndrome (Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and Periodic Fever Syndrome)
					Propionic Acidemia (Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase Deficiency)
					Isolated Methylmalonic Acidemias
					Combined Methylmalonic Aciduria and Homocystinuria (cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, and cblX Defects)
					Isolated Homocystinuria
					Combined Malonic and Methylmalonic Aciduria (ACSF3-Related Disorder)
					Bibliography
				103.7 Glycine
					Hypoglycinemia
					Hyperglycinemia
					Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia (Glycine Encephalopathy)
						Neonatal Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
						Infantile Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
						Late-Onset Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
						Transient Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
						Diagnosis and Treatment
					Sarcosinemia
					Primary Trimethylaminuria
					Hyperoxaluria and Oxalosis
						Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1
						Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 2 (l-Glyceric Aciduria)
						Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 3
						Creatine Deficiency Disorders
					Bibliography
				103.8 Serine Deficiency Disorders (Serine Biosynthesis and Transport Defects)
					Keywords
					3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
					Phosphoserine Aminotransferase Deficiency
					3-Phosphoserine Phosphatase Deficiency
					Bibliography
				103.9 Proline
					Keywords
					Hyperprolinemia Type I
					Hyperprolinemia Type II
					Prolidase Deficiency
					Disorders of De Novo Proline Synthesis
					Bibliography
				103.10 Glutamic Acid
					Keywords
					Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency
						Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency, Severe and Moderate Forms
						Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency, Mild Form
						5-Oxoprolinase Deficiency
						γ-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase Deficiency (Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Deficiency)
					γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Deficiency (Glutathionemia)
					Genetic Disorders of Metabolism of γ-Aminobutyric Acid
					Bibliography
				103.11 Genetic Disorders of Neurotransmitters
					Keywords
					Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency (Infantile Parkinsonism, Autosomal Recessive Dopa-Responsive Dystonia, Autosomal Recessive Segawa Syndrome)
					Aromatic l-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency
					Tetrahydrobiopterin Deficiency
						Tetrahydrobiopterin Deficiency With Hyperphenylalaninemia
						Tetrahydrobiopterin Deficiency Without Hyperphenylalaninemia
							GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 Deficiency (Hereditary Progressive Dystonia, Autosomal Dominant Dopa-Responsive Dystonia, Autosomal Dominant Segawa Syndrome)
						Sepiapterin Reductase Deficiency
					Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Deficiency
					Monoamine Oxidase a Deficiency
					Disorders of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Metabolism
						γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transaminase Deficiency
						Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (γ-Hydroxybutyric Aciduria)
					Defects in Neurotransmitter Transporter Proteins
						Dopamine Transporter Protein Deficiency
						Dopamine-Serotonin Vesicular Transporter Disease (Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Deficiency)
					Histidine Decarboxylase Deficiency
					Hyperprolinemia
					3-Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
					Phosphoserine Aminotransferase Deficiency
					Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
					Bibliography
				103.12 Urea Cycle and Hyperammonemia (Arginine, Citrulline, Ornithine)
					Keywords
					Genetic Causes of Hyperammonemia
					Clinical Manifestations of Hyperammonemia
					Diagnosis
					Treatment of Acute Hyperammonemia
						Long-Term Therapy
					Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 and N-Acetylglutamate Synthase Deficiencies
					Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
					Citrullinemia
						Citrullinemia Type I (Argininosuccinate Synthetase Deficiency, Classic Citrullinemia)
						Citrin Deficiency (Citrullinemia Type II)
							Neonatal Intrahepatic Cholestasis (Citrullinemia Type II, Neonatal Form)
							Citrullinemia Type II, Adult Form (Adult-Onset Citrullinemia; Citrullinemia Type II, Mild Form)
					Argininosuccinate Lyase Deficiency (Argininosuccinic Aciduria)
					Arginase 1 Deficiency (Hyperargininemia)
					Transient Hyperammonemia of the Newborn
					Disorders of Ornithine Metabolism
						Gyrate Atrophy of the Retina and Choroid
						Hyperammonemia-Hyperornithinemia-Homocitrullinemia Syndrome
					Congenital Glutamine Deficiency
					Bibliography
				103.13 Histidine
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				103.14 Lysine
					Keywords
					Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)–Dependent Epilepsy
						Antiquitin (α-Aminoadipic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase) Deficiency
						Pyridox(am)ine 5′-Phosphate Oxidase (PNPO) Deficiency
						Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency and Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency
						Hyperprolinemia Type II
						Hypophosphatasia
					Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 (Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (Familial Protein Intolerance)
					Bibliography
				103.15 N-Acetylaspartic Acid (Canavan Disease)
					Keywords
					Etiology and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Atypical Canavan Disease
					Diagnosis
					Treatment and Prevention
					Bibliography
		Chapter 104 - Defects in Metabolism of Lipids
			104 Defects in Metabolism of Lipids
				104.1 Disorders of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation
					Keywords
					Defects in the β-Oxidation Cycle
						Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
							Clinical Manifestations
							Laboratory Findings
							Treatment
							Prognosis
						Very-Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
						Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
						Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase/Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein Deficiency
						Short-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency
						Short-Chain 2,3-Enoyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency
					Defects in the Carnitine Cycle
						Plasma Membrane Carnitine Transport Defect (Primary Carnitine Deficiency)
						Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-IA Deficiency
						Carnitine:Acylcarnitine Translocase Deficiency
						Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-II Deficiency
					Defects in the Electron Transfer Pathway
						Electron Transfer Flavoprotein and Electron Transfer Flavoprotein Dehydrogenase Deficiencies (Glutaric Acidemia Type 2, Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenation Defects)
					Defects in the Ketone Synthesis Pathway
						β-Hydroxy-β-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase Deficiency
						β-Hydroxy-β-Methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase Deficiency (3 Hydroxy-3-Methylgutaric Aciduria)
					Defects in Ketone Body Utilization
						Monocarboxylate Transporter-1 Deficiency
						Succinyl-CoA:3-Ketoacid-CoA Transferase Deficiency
						β-Ketothiolase Deficiency
					Bibliography
				104.2 Disorders of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Other Peroxisomal Functions
					Keywords
					Peroxisomal Disorders
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Pathology
						Pathogenesis
							Zellweger Spectrum Disorder
							Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata
							Isolated Defects of Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Oxidation
							Isolated Defects of Plasmalogen Synthesis
							Adult (Classic) Refsum Disease
							2-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase Deficiency (AMACR)
						Laboratory Findings
						Diagnosis
						Complications
						Treatment
						Genetic Counseling
					Adrenoleukodystrophy
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Pathology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory and Radiographic Findings
							Neuroimaging
							Impaired Adrenal Function
						Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
						Complications
						Treatment
							Bone Marrow Transplantation
							Lorenzo’s Oil Therapy
							Supportive Therapy
						Genetic Counseling and Prevention
					Bibliography
						Peroxisomal Disorders
						Adrenoleukodystrophy
				104.3 Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism and Transport
					Keywords
					Epidemiology of Blood Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease
					Blood Lipids and Atherogenesis
					Plasma Lipoprotein Metabolism and Transport
						Transport of Exogenous (Dietary) Lipids
						Transport of Endogenous Lipids From the Liver
						High-Density Lipoprotein and Reverse Cholesterol Transport
					Hyperlipoproteinemias
						Hypercholesterolemia
							Familial Hypercholesterolemia
							Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
							Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
							Familial Defective ApoB-100
							Autosomal Recessive Hypercholesterolemia
							Sitosterolemia
							Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia
						Hypercholesterolemia With Hypertriglyceridemia
							Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
							Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia)
						Hypertriglyceridemias
							Familial Chylomicronemia (Type I Hyperlipidemia)
							Familial Hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV Hyperlipidemia)
							Hepatic Lipase Deficiency
						Disorders of High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism
							Primary Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
							Familial Hyperalphalipoproteinemia
							Familial Apolipoprotein A-I Deficiency
							Tangier Disease
							Familial Lecithin–Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) Deficiency
							Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Deficiency
						Conditions Associated With Low Cholesterol
							Abetalipoproteinemia
							Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia
							Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
						Disorders of Intracellular Cholesterol Metabolism
							Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis
							Wolman Disease and Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease
							Niemann-Pick Disease Type C
						Lipoprotein Patterns in Children and Adolescents
						Blood Cholesterol Screening
							Risk Assessment and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
								Pharmacologic Therapy.
					Bibliography
				104.4 Lipidoses (Lysosomal Storage Disorders)
					Keywords
					GM1 Gangliosidosis
					The GM2 Gangliosidoses
					Gaucher Disease
					Niemann-Pick Disease
					Fabry Disease
					Fucosidosis
					Schindler Disease
					Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
					Multiple-Sulfatase Deficiency
					Krabbe Disease
					Farber Disease
					Wolman Disease and Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease
					Bibliography
				104.5 Mucolipidoses
					Keywords
					I-Cell Disease
					Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy
					Bibliography
		Chapter 105 - Defects in Metabolism of Carbohydrates
			105 Defects in Metabolism of Carbohydrates
				105.1 Glycogen Storage Diseases
					Keywords
					Liver Glycogenoses
						Type I Glycogen Storage Disease (Glucose-6-Phosphatase or Translocase Deficiency, Von Gierke Disease)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
							Prognosis
						Type III Glycogen Storage Disease (Debrancher Deficiency, Limit Dextrinosis)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Type IV Glycogen Storage Disease (Branching Enzyme Deficiency, Amylopectinosis, Polyglucosan Disease, or Andersen Disease)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Type VI Glycogen Storage Disease (Liver Phosphorylase Deficiency, Hers Disease)
						Type IX Glycogen Storage Disease (Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency)
							X-Linked Liver Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency (From PHKA2 Variants)
							Autosomal Liver and Muscle Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency (From PHKB Variants)
							Autosomal Liver Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency (From PHKG2 Variants)
							Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency Limited to Heart
							Diagnosis
							Treatment and Prognosis
						Liver Glycogen Synthase Deficiency
						Hepatic Glycogenosis With Renal Fanconi Syndrome (Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome)
					Muscle Glycogenoses
						Type II Glycogen Storage Disease (Lysosomal Acid α-1,4-Glucosidase Deficiency, Pompe Disease)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Laboratory Findings
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Glycogen Storage Diseases Mimicking Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (Danon Disease)
						Adenosine Monophosphate–Activated Protein Kinase γ2 Deficiency (PRKAG2 Deficiency)
						Muscle Glycogen Synthase Deficiency
						Late-Onset Polyglucosan Body Myopathy (From GYG1 Variants)
						Type V Glycogen Storage Disease (Muscle Phosphorylase Deficiency, McArdle Disease)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Type VII Glycogen Storage Disease (Muscle Phosphofructokinase Deficiency, Tarui Disease)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Muscle-Specific Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency (From PHKA1 Variants)
						Other Muscle Glycogenoses With Muscle Energy Impairment
					Bibliography
				105.2 Defects in Galactose Metabolism
					Keywords
					Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl Transferase Deficiency Galactosemia
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Genetics
						Treatment and Prognosis
					Galactokinase Deficiency
					Uridine Diphosphate Galactose-4-Epimerase Deficiency
					Bibliography
				105.3 Defects in Fructose Metabolism
					Keywords
					Deficiency of Fructokinase (Essential or Benign Fructosuria)
					Deficiency of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase (Aldolase B, Hereditary Fructose Intolerance)
						Epidemiology and Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Bibliography
				105.4 Defects in Intermediary Carbohydrate Metabolism Associated With Lactic Acidosis
					Keywords
					Disorders of Gluconeogenesis
						Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphatase (Type I Glycogen Storage Disease)
						Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
						Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency
					Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism
						Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency
							Clinical Manifestations
							Treatment
						Deficiency of Pyruvate Carboxylase
						Deficiency of Pyruvate Carboxylase Secondary to Deficiency of Holocarboxylase Synthase or Biotinidase
						Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Defects (Oxidative Phosphorylation Disease)
						Leigh Disease (Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy)
					Bibliography
				105.5 Defects in Pentose Metabolism
					Keywords
					Essential Pentosuria
					Transaldolase Deficiency
					Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency
					Bibliography
				105.6 Disorders of Glycoprotein Degradation and Structure
					Sialidosis and Galactosialidosis
					Aspartylglucosaminuria
					α-Mannosidosis
					Bibliography
				105.7 Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
					Keywords
					Congenital Disorders of Protein N-Glycosylation
						Phosphomannomutase-2 Deficiency (PMM2-CDG)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Mannosephosphoisomerase Deficiency (MPI-CDG)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Glucosyltransferase-1 Deficiency (ALG6-CDG)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						UDP-GlcNAc:Dol-P-GlcNAc-P Transferase Deficiency (DPAGT1-CDG)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
					Congenital Disorders of Protein O-Glycosylation
						Cerebro-Ocular Dysplasia–Muscular Dystrophy and Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease Spectrum (POMT1-CDG, POMT2-CDG, POMGNT1-CDG)
					Defects in Lipid Glycosylation and in Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Biosynthesis
						Hyperphosphatasia–Intellectual Disability Syndromes: PIGA Deficiency (PIGA-CDG)
					Defects in Multiple Glycosylation Pathways and in Other Pathways, Including Dolicholphosphate Biosynthesis Defects
						Steroid 5α-Reductase Deficiency (SRD5A3-CDG)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Autosomal Recessive Cutis Laxa Type 2 (ARCL-2A or ATP6V0A2-CDG, ATP6V1A-CDG and ATP6V1E1-CDG)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Golgi-α1-2 Mannosidase-1 Deficiency (MAN1B1-CDG)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Phosphoglucomutase-1 Deficiency (PGM1-CDG)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Disorders of Golgi Homeostasis: TMEM199-, CCDC115-, ATP6AP2-CDG, and ATP6AP1-CDG
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
						Manganese Transporter Defect: SLC39A8-CDG
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
					Congenital Disorders of Deglycosylation
						N-Glycanase 1 Deficiency (NGLY1 Defect)
							Clinical Manifestations
							Pathophysiology
							Diagnosis
							Treatment
					Therapeutic Summary
					Bibliography
		Chapter 106 - Mitochondrial Disease Diagnosis
			106 Mitochondrial Disease Diagnosis
				Keywords
				Overview of Mitochondrial Disease
				When to Suspect Mitochondrial Disease
				Mitochondrial Disease Inheritance
				Diagnostic Testing for Mitochondrial Disease
				Treatment Principles for Mitochondrial Disease
				Bibliography
		Chapter 107 - Mucopolysaccharidoses
			107 Mucopolysaccharidoses
				Keywords
				Disease Entities
					Mucopolysaccharidosis I
						Hurler Syndrome
						Hurler-Scheie Syndrome
						Scheie Syndrome
					Mucopolysaccharidosis II
					Mucopolysaccharidosis III
					Mucopolysaccharidosis IV
					Mucopolysaccharidosis VI
					Mucopolysaccharidosis VII
					Mucopolysaccharidosis IX
					Mucopolysaccharidosis Plus Syndrome
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 108 - Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
			108 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
				Keywords
				Gout
					Genetics
					Treatment
				Abnormalities in Purine Salvage
					Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Deficiency
						Genetics
						Pathology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency (Dihydroxyadeninuria)
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
				Disorders Linked to Purine Nucleotide Synthesis
					Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Synthetase Superactivity and Deficiency
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Adenylosuccinase Lyase Deficiency (Succinylpurinuria)
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Pathology
						Treatment
					Aminoimidazole Carboxamide Ribotide (AICAR) Transformylase/Inosine Monophosphate (IMP) Cyclohydrolase Deficiency
						Genetics
						Clinical Features
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
				Disorders Resulting From Abnormalities in Purine Catabolism
					Myoadenylate Deaminase Deficiency (Muscle Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase Deficiency)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Genetics
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
					Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency
					Xanthine Oxidoreductase Deficiency (Hereditary Xanthinuria/Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency)
						Genetics
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
				Disorders of Pyrimidine Metabolism
					Uridine Monophosphate Synthase Type 1 Deficiency (Hereditary Orotic Aciduria)
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Miller Syndrome)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Thymine-Uraciluria, Pyrimidinuria)
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Dihydropyrimidinase Deficiency (Dihydropyrimidinuria)
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
					Deficiency of β-Ureidopropionase (N-Carbamyl-β-Amino Aciduria)
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Pyrimidine 5′-Nucleotidase Deficiency
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Overactive Cytosolic 5′-Nucleotidase (Pyrimidine Nucleotide Depletion)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Thymidine Phosphorylase Deficiency (Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy)
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency
						Genetics
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
				Bibliography
					Gout
					Abnormalities in Purine Salvage
					Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency (Dihydroxyadeninuria)
					Disorders Linked to Purine Nucleotide Synthesis
					Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency (Succinylpurinuria)
					Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency (Succinylpurinuria)
					AICAR Transformylase/IMP Cyclohydrolase (ATIC) Deficiency (AICA-Ribosiduria)
					Disorders Resulting From Abnormalities in Purine Catabolism
					Xanthine Oxidoreductase Deficiency (Hereditary Xanthinuria/Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency)
					Orotic Aciduria
					Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Miller Syndrome)
					Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Thymine-Uraciluria, Pyrimidinuria)
					Dihydropyrimidinase Deficiency (Dihydropyrimidinuria)
					Deficiency of β-Ureidopropionase (N-Carbamyl-β-Amino Aciduria)
					Pyrimidine 5′-Nucleotidase Deficiency
					Overactive Cytosolic 5′ Nucleotidase (Pyrimidine Nucleotide Depletion)
					Thymidine Phosphorylase Deficiency (Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy, MNGIE)
					Thymidine Kinase 2 (TK2) Deficiency
		Chapter 109 - Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Progeria)
			109 Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Progeria)
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
					Dermatologic Changes
					Failure to Thrive
					Ocular Abnormalities
					Craniofacial and Dental Phenotypes
					Bone and Cartilaginous Abnormalities
					Hearing
					Cardiovascular Disease
					Cerebrovascular Arteriopathy and Stroke
					Sexual Development
					Normally Functioning Systems
				Laboratory Findings
				Molecular Pathogenesis
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment and Prognosis
				Patient Resources
				Bibliography
		Chapter 110 - The Porphyrias
			110 The Porphyrias
				Keywords
				The Heme Biosynthetic Pathway
				Classification and Diagnosis of Porphyrias
					First-Line Laboratory Diagnostic Testing
						Blistering Cutaneous Porphyrias
						Nonblistering Cutaneous Porphyria
					Second-Line Testing
					Testing for Subclinical Porphyria
				δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Deficient Porphyria
					Etiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention and Genetic Counseling
				Acute Intermittent Porphyria
					Etiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Neurologic Mechanisms
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
						Hemin
						General and Supportive Measures
						Carbohydrate Loading
						Other Therapies
						Seizures and Other Complications
						Safe and Unsafe Drugs
						Other Situations
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Genetic Counseling
				Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
					Etiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention and Genetic Counseling
				Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Susceptibility Factors
						Iron
						Hepatitis C
						Human Immunodeficiency Virus
						Ethanol
						Smoking and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
						Antioxidant Status
						Estrogens
					Clinical Manifestations
						Cutaneous Manifestations
						Liver Abnormalities
						Other Features and Associations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention and Genetic Counseling
				Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria
					Etiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment and Prognosis
					Prevention and Genetic Counseling
				Hereditary Coproporphyria
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment and Prognosis
				Variegate Porphyria
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis and Prevention
				Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and X-Linked Protoporphyria
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention and Genetic Counseling
				Dual Porphyria
				Porphyria Resulting From Tumors
				Bibliography
					Acute Porphyrias
					Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
					Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
					Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and X-Linked Protoporphyria
		Chapter 111 - Hypoglycemia
			111 Hypoglycemia
				Keywords
				Definition
				Significance and Sequelae
				Substrate, Enzyme, and Hormonal Integration of Glucose Homeostasis
					In the Newborn
					In Older Infants and Children
				Clinical Manifestations
				Classification of Hypoglycemia in Infants and Children
					Neonatal, Transient, Small-for-Gestational-Age, and Premature Infants
					Infants Born to Diabetic Mothers
					Persistent or Recurrent Hypoglycemia in Infants and Children
						Hyperinsulinism
					Endocrine Deficiencies
					Substrate-Limited Etiologies
						Ketotic Hypoglycemia
						Branched-Chain Ketonuria (Maple Syrup Urine Disease)
					Glycogen Storage Disease
						Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency (Type I Glycogen Storage Disease)
						Amylo-1,6-Glucosidase Deficiency (Debrancher Enzyme Deficiency; Type III Glycogen Storage Disease)
						Liver Phosphorylase Deficiency (Type VI Glycogen Storage Disease)
						Glycogen Synthetase Deficiency
					Disorders of Gluconeogenesis
						Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency
						Defects in Fatty Acid Oxidation
						Acute Alcohol Intoxication
						Salicylate Intoxication
						Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency
						Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency
					Other Enzyme Defects
						Galactosemia (Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl Transferase Deficiency)
						Fructose Intolerance (Fructose-1-Phosphate Aldolase Deficiency)
					Defects in Glucose Transporters
						GLUT-1 Deficiency
						GLUT-2 Deficiency
					Systemic Disorders
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
	11- XI The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant
		Chapter 112 - Overview of Morbidity and Mortality
			XI The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant
				112 Overview of Morbidity and Mortality
					Keywords
					Infant Mortality
						Rankings and Trends
					Major Causes of Infant Death
						Racial Disparity and Infant Mortality
						Congenital Malformations
						Sleep-Related Deaths (SUID, SIDS)
					Infant Mortality Reduction
						Preterm Birth
						The Late Preterm Neonate
						The Moderate and Early Preterm Neonate
						Low Birthweight, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, and Small for Gestational Age
					Bibliography
		Chapter 113 - The Newborn Infant
			113 The Newborn Infant
				Keywords
				113.1 History in Neonatal Pediatrics
				113.2 Physical Examination of the Newborn Infant
					General Appearance
					Skin
					Skull
					Face
						Eyes
						Ears
						Nose
						Mouth
					Neck
					Chest
					Lungs
					Heart
					Abdomen
					Genitals
					Anus
					Extremities
					Neurologic Examination
					Bibliography
				113.3 Routine Newborn Care
					Maintenance of Body Heat
					Antiseptic Skin and Cord Care
					Newborn Prophylaxis and Screening
					Bibliography
				113.4 Circumcision
					Bibliography
				113.5 Parent–Infant Bonding
					Rooming-in and Breastfeeding
						Drugs and Breastfeeding
						Contraindications to Breastfeeding
					Bibliography
		Chapter 114 - High-Risk Pregnancies
			114 High-Risk Pregnancies
				Keywords
				Genetic Factors
				Maternal Factors
				Bibliography
		Chapter 115 - The Fetus
			115 The Fetus
				Keywords
				115.1 Fetal Growth and Maturity
					Bibliography
				115.2 Fetal Distress
					Bibliography
				115.3 Maternal Disease and the Fetus
					Infectious Diseases
					Noninfectious Diseases (see Table 114.2)
					Bibliography
				115.4 Medication and Teratogen Exposure
					Bibliography
				115.5 Radiation
					Bibliography
				115.6 Intrauterine Diagnosis of Fetal Disease
					Bibliography
				115.7 Treatment and Prevention of Fetal Disease
					Bibliography
		Chapter 116 - Fetal Intervention and Surgery
			116 Fetal Intervention and Surgery
				Keywords
				Fetal Therapy Ethics
				Obstructive Uropathy
				Nonobstructive Renal Disease
				Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
				Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
				Myelomeningocele
				Other Indications
				Fetal Centers
				Bibliography
		Chapter 117 - The High-Risk Infant
			117 The High-Risk Infant
				117.1 Multiple-Gestation Pregnancies
					Keywords
					Monozygotic vs Dizygotic Twins
						Examination of the Placenta
					Incidence
					Etiology
					Atypical Twinning
					Complications
					Twin Syndromes (TRAP, TTTS)
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				117.2 Extremely and Very Preterm Infants
					Keywords
					Incidence
					Etiology
					Assessment of Gestational Age
					Nursery Care
						Thermal Control
						Oxygen Administration
						Nutrition for the High-Risk Infant
							Early Parenteral Nutrition
							Benefits of Human Milk
							Enteral Nutrition
							Standardized Feeding Guidelines
							Transitioning to Discharge Nutrition
						Prevention of Infection
					Immaturity of Drug Metabolism
					Morbidity and Mortality
					Bibliography
				117.3 Moderate and Late Preterm Infants
					Keywords
					Moderate Preterm Infant
					Late Preterm Infant
					Bibliography
				117.4 Term and Postterm Infants
					Keywords
					Small for Gestational Age and IUGR
					Large-for-Gestational-Age Infants
					Postterm Infants
					Bibliography
				117.5 Follow-Up of High-Risk Infants After Discharge
					Keywords
					Discharge From the Hospital
					Postdischarge Follow-Up
						Medical Follow-Up
						Developmental Follow-Up
					Bibliography
		Chapter 118 - Transport of the Critically Ill Newborn
			118 Transport of the Critically Ill Newborn
				Keywords
				Regionalized Care of Newborns
				Levels of Neonatal Care
				Transport of the Critically Ill Neonate
				Bibliography
		Chapter 119 - Clinical Manifestations of Diseases in the Newborn Period
			119 Clinical Manifestations of Diseases in the Newborn Period
				Keywords
				Abnormal Movements
				Altered Mental Status
				Apnea
				Congenital Anomalies
				Cyanosis
				Gastrointestinal Disturbances
				Hypotension
				Jaundice
				Pain
				119.1 Hyperthermia
					Bibliography
				119.2 Hypothermia and Cold Stress
					Bibliography
				119.3 Edema
					Bibliography
				119.4 Hypocalcemia
					Bibliography
				119.5 Hypermagnesemia
				Bibliography
		Chapter 120 - Nervous System Disorders
			120 Nervous System Disorders
				Keywords
				120.1 The Cranium
				120.2 Traumatic, Epidural, Subdural, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
				120.3 Intracranial-Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Periventricular Leukomalacia
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				120.4 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
					Etiology
					Pathophysiology and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				120.5 Spine and Spinal Cord
					Bibliography
				120.6 Peripheral Nerve Injuries
					Brachial Palsy
					Phrenic Nerve Paralysis
					Facial Nerve Palsy
					Bibliography
		Chapter 121 - Neonatal Resuscitation and Delivery Room Emergencies
			121 Neonatal Resuscitation and Delivery Room Emergencies
				Keywords
				Neonatal Resuscitation
				Resuscitation of the Preterm Infant
				Special Circumstances in the Delivery Room
					Meconium
					Placental Abruption
					Neonatal Encephalopathy
					Airway Obstruction
					Respiratory Distress
					Abdominal Wall and Neural Tube Defects
				Injury During Delivery
					Central Nervous System
					Fractures
					Brachial Plexus Injuries
				Ongoing Care After Resuscitation
				Bibliography
		Chapter 122 - Respiratory Tract Disorders
			122 Respiratory Tract Disorders
				122.1 Transition to Pulmonary Respiration
					Keywords
					The First Breath
					Breathing Patterns in Newborns
				122.2 Apnea
					Keywords
					Apnea of Prematurity
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Apnea of Prematurity and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
					Bibliography
				122.3 Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline Membrane Disease)
					Keywords
					Incidence
					Etiology and Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prevention
					Treatment
						Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
						Mechanical Ventilation
							Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
							Permissive Hypercapnia and Avoidance of Hyperoxia
							Discontinuation of Mechanical Ventilation
						Surfactant Replacement Therapy
						Other Pharmacologic Therapies
					Complications
					Bibliography
				122.4 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
					Keywords
					Incidence
					Etiology and Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prevention
					Treatment
						Diuretics and Fluid Restriction
						Bronchodilators
						Corticosteroids
						Pulmonary Vasodilators
						Chronic Respiratory Support
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				122.5 Patent Ductus Arteriosus
					Keywords
					Incidence and Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
						Pharmacologic Closure
						Surgical Ligation
					Bibliography
				122.6 Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				122.7 Aspiration of Foreign Material (Fetal Aspiration Syndrome, Aspiration Pneumonia)
					Keywords
				122.8 Meconium Aspiration
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Prevention
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				122.9 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (Persistent Fetal Circulation)
					Keywords
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				122.10 Diaphragmatic Hernia
					Keywords
					Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (Bochdalek)
						Pathology and Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Diagnosis and Clinical Presentation
						Treatment
							Initial Management
							Ventilation Strategies
							Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
							Novel Strategies for Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
							Surgical Repair
						Outcome and Long-Term Survival
					Bibliography
				122.11 Foramen of Morgagni Hernia
				122.12 Paraesophageal Hernia
				122.13 Eventration
					Bibliography
				122.14 Extrapulmonary Air Leaks: Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum, Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema, Pneumopericardium
					Keywords
					Etiology and Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				122.15 Pulmonary Hemorrhage
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 123 - Digestive System Disorders
			123 Digestive System Disorders
				123.1 Meconium Ileus, Peritonitis, and Intestinal Obstruction
					Keywords
					Meconium Plugs
					Meconium Ileus
					Meconium Peritonitis
					Bibliography
				123.2 Necrotizing Enterocolitis
					Keywords
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				123.3 Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Physiologic Jaundice (Icterus Neonatorum)
					Pathologic Hyperbilirubinemia
					Jaundice Associated With Breastfeeding
					Neonatal Cholestasis
					Congenital Atresia of the Bile Ducts
					Bibliography
				123.4 Kernicterus
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Incidence and Prognosis
					Prevention
					Treatment of Hyperbilirubinemia
						Phototherapy
						Intravenous Immune Globulin
						Metalloporphyrins
						Exchange Transfusion
					Bibliography
		Chapter 124 - Blood Disorders
			124 Blood Disorders
				124.1 Anemia in the Newborn Infant
					Keywords
					Normal Hematocrit and Hemoglobin Concentrations in Newborn Infants
					Classification of Anemia and Diagnostic Evaluation
						Red Blood Cell Loss
						Red Blood Cell Destruction
						Red Blood Cell Production
					Treatment Options for Neonatal Anemia
						Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusions
						Erythropoietin
					Bibliography
				124.2 Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
					Keywords
					Hemolytic Disease Caused by Rh Incompatibility
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Data
						Diagnosis
							Antenatal Diagnosis
							Postnatal Diagnosis
						Treatment
							Treatment of the Unborn Fetus
							Treatment of the Liveborn Infant
						Exchange Transfusion
							Procedure
						Intravenous Immune Globulin
						Late Complications
						Prevention of Rh Sensitization
					Hemolytic Disease Caused by Blood Group A and B Incompatibility
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Other Forms of Hemolytic Disease
					Bibliography
				124.3 Neonatal Polycythemia
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				124.4 Hemorrhage in the Newborn Infant
					Keywords
					Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding
					Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy
					Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
					Bibliography
				124.5 Nonimmune Hydrops
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 125 - The Umbilicus
			125 The Umbilicus
				Keywords
				Umbilical Cord
				Hemorrhage
				Granuloma
				Infections
				Umbilical Hernia
				Congenital Omphalocele
				Tumors
				Bibliography
		Chapter 126 - Abstinence Syndromes
			126 Abstinence Syndromes
				126.1 Neonatal Abstinence (Withdrawal)
					Keywords
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				126.2 Maternal Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Neonatal Behavioral Syndromes
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				126.3 Fetal Alcohol Exposure
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Diagnostic Criteria
					Clinical Features
					Interventions and Treatment
					Outcomes
					The Pediatrician’s Role
					Bibliography
		Chapter 127 - The Endocrine System
			127 The Endocrine System
				Keywords
				127.1 Infants of Diabetic Mothers
					Keywords
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 128 - Dysmorphology
			128 Dysmorphology
				Keywords
				Classification of Birth Defects
					Malformations and Dysplasias
					Deformations
					Disruptions
					Multiple Anomalies: Syndromes and Sequences
				Molecular Mechanisms of Malformations
					Inborn Errors of Development
						Sonic Hedgehog Pathway As Model
					Cytogenetic Aberrations and Chromosomal Imbalance
				Approach to the Dysmorphic Child
					Medical History
					Physical Examination
					Imaging Studies
					Diagnosis
					Laboratory Studies and Genetic Testing
					Management and Counseling
				Bibliography
		Chapter 129 - Epidemiology of Infections
			129 Epidemiology of Infections
				Keywords
				Incidence and Epidemiology
					Early- and Late-Onset Neonatal Infections
				Pathogenesis
					Early-Onset Infections
					Late-Onset Infections
					Infection in Premature Infants
				Clinical Manifestations
					Bacterial Sepsis
					Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
					Temperature Instability
					Respiratory and Cardiovascular Symptoms
					Conjunctivitis
					Skin and Soft Tissue Infection
					Omphalitis
					Tetanus
				Laboratory Findings
				General Approach to Management
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 130 - Healthcare-Acquired Infections
			130 Healthcare-Acquired Infections
				Keywords
				Incidence
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Types of Infection
					Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection
					Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia
					Skin and Soft Tissue Infection
					Invasive Fungal Infection
					Viral Infection
				Prevention
					Hand Hygiene
					Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection
					Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
					Early Feeding and Human Milk
					Antifungal Prophylaxis
					Nasal Decolonization
				Bibliography
		Chapter 131 - Congenital and Perinatal Infections
			131 Congenital and Perinatal Infections
				Keywords
				131.1 Congenital Infections
					General Approach
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						During Pregnancy
						Newborn Infant
					Specific Infectious Agents
						Bacteria
						Viruses
						Parasite
				131.2 Perinatal Infections
					General Approach
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Specific Infectious Agents
						Bacteria
						Viruses
						Fungi
					Diagnosis
				Bibliography
	12- XII Adolescent Medicine
		Chapter 132 - Adolescent Physical and Social Development
			XII Adolescent Medicine
				132 Adolescent Physical and Social Development
					Keywords
					Physical Development
						Sexual Development
						Somatic Growth
					Neurologic, Cognitive, and Moral Development
					Psychosocial Development
					Implications for Providers, Parents, and Policymakers
					Bibliography
		Chapter 133 - Gender and Sexual Identity
			133 Gender and Sexual Identity
				Keywords
				Terms and Definitions
					Sex and Sexual Identity
					Sex Assigned at Birth
					Gender Terms
					Sexual Orientation and Behavior
					Transgender
				Factors That Influence Sexual Identity Development
				Nonconformity in Gender Expression Among Children and Adolescents
					Prevalence
					Etiology of Gender-Nonconforming Behavior
					Stigma, Stigma Management, and Advocacy
				Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Identities Among Children and Adolescents
					Prevalence
					Etiology of Transgender or Gender-Nonconforming Identities
					Clinical Presentation
					The Diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria: Criteria and Critique
					Transgender Identity Development
					Interventions and Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 134 - Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adolescents
			134 Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Adolescents
				Keywords
				Prevalence of Homosexuality and Bisexuality in Youth
				Development of Sexual Orientation in Childhood and Adolescence
				Stigma, Risk, and Resilience
				Health
					Depression and Suicidality
					Sexually Transmitted Infections
					Substance Abuse
					Obesity and Disordered Eating
					Psychosocial Problems
				Recommendations for Care
					Evaluation
					Medical and Sexual Health
					Mental Health
				Bibliography
		Chapter 135 - Transgender Care
			135 Transgender Care
				Keywords
				Cultural and Clinical Competence
				Gender Literacy
				Assessment
				Treatment
				Families
				Bibliography
		Chapter 136 - The Epidemiology of Adolescent Health Problems
			136 The Epidemiology of Adolescent Health Problems
				Keywords
				Access to Healthcare
				Bibliography
		Chapter 137 - Delivery of Healthcare to Adolescents
			137 Delivery of Healthcare to Adolescents
				Keywords
				137.1 Legal Issues
					Bibliography
				137.2 Screening Procedures
					Interviewing the Adolescent
					Psychosocial Assessment
					Physical Examination
						Vision Testing
						Audiometry
						Blood Pressure Determination
						Scoliosis
						Breast Examination
						Scrotum Examination
						Pelvic Examination
						Laboratory Testing
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 138 - Transitioning to Adult Care
			138 Transitioning to Adult Care
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 139 - Violent Behavior
			139 Violent Behavior
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 140 - Substance Abuse
			140 Substance Abuse
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Screening for Substance Abuse Disorders
				Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				140.1 Alcohol
					Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				140.2 Tobacco and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
					Keywords
					Cigarettes
					Pharmacology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes)
					Hookah
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				140.3 Marijuana
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Synthetic Marijuana
					Bibliography
				140.4 Inhalants
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Complications
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				140.5 Hallucinogens
					Keywords
					Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
						Clinical Manifestations
					Phencyclidine
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Bibliography
				140.6 Cocaine
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				140.7 Amphetamines
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				140.8 Stimulant Abuse and Diversion
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				140.9 Opiates
					Clinical Manifestations
					Withdrawal
					Overdose Syndrome
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				140.10 Bath Salts
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 141 - The Breast
			141 The Breast
				Keywords
				Female Disorders
				Male Disorders
				Bibliography
		Chapter 142 - Menstrual Problems
			142 Menstrual Problems
				Keywords
				Normal Menstruation
				Menstrual Irregularities
				142.1 Amenorrhea
					Keywords
					History and Physical Examination
					Laboratory Studies
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				142.2 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
					Keywords
					Irregular Menstrual Bleeding
					Heavy and Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				142.3 Dysmenorrhea
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				142.4 Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 143 - Contraception
			143 Contraception
				Keywords
				Contraceptive Effectiveness
				143.1 Contraceptive Use
					Keywords
					Sexual Activity
					Use of Contraception Among Teens
					Bibliography
				143.2 Contraceptive Counseling
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				143.3 Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
					Keywords
					Intrauterine Devices
					Implants
					Bibliography
				143.4 Other Progestin-Only Methods
					Keywords
					Depo-Provera
					Progestin-Only Pills
					Bibliography
				143.5 Combined Hormonal Contraceptives
					Keywords
					Combined Oral Contraceptives
					Transdermal Patch
					Vaginal Ring
					Contraindications
					Bibliography
				143.6 Emergency Contraception
					Keywords
					Copper IUD
					Ulipristal Acetate
					Levonorgestrel
					Bibliography
				143.7 Dual Protection
					Keywords
					Condoms
					Bibliography
				143.8 Other Barrier Methods
					Keywords
					Diaphragm, Cervical Cap, and Sponge
				143.9 Other Contraceptive Methods
					Keywords
					Spermicides
					Withdrawal
					Fertility Awareness–Based Methods
					Lactational Amenorrhea Method
					Bibliography
		Chapter 144 - Adolescent Pregnancy
			144 Adolescent Pregnancy
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Pregnancy Counseling and Initial Management
					The Importance of Prevention
				Adolescent Fathers
				Medical Complications of Mothers and Babies
				Psychosocial Outcomes/Risks for Mother and Child
					Educational Issues
					Substance Use
					Repeat Pregnancy
					Children Born to Teen Mothers
				Prevention of Teen Pregnancies
				Bibliography
		Chapter 145 - Adolescent Sexual Assault
			145 Adolescent Sexual Assault
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Types of Rape
				Clinical Manifestations
				Interview and Physical Examination
				Laboratory Data
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 146 - Sexually Transmitted Infections
			146 Sexually Transmitted Infections
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Screening
				Common Infections and Clinical Manifestations
					Urethritis
					Epididymitis
					Vaginitis
					Cervicitis
					Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
					Genital Ulcer Syndromes
					Genital Lesions and Ectoparasites
					HIV Disease and Hepatitis B
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 147 - Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions
			147 Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions
				Keywords
				Prevalence
				Symptom/Disorder Overlap
				Psychiatric Comorbidities
				Predisposing Factors
				Natural History
				Proposed Pathophysiology
				Treatment
				147.1 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Management
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
	13- XIII Immunology
		Chapter 148 - Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
			XIII Immunology
			1 Evaluation of the Immune System
			148 Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
				Keywords
				Advanced Testing
				Bibliography
		Chapter 149 - Lymphocyte Development and Function
			2 The T-, B-, and NK-Cell Systems
				149 Lymphocyte Development and Function
					Keywords
					Lymphopoiesis in the Fetus
						T-Cell Development and Differentiation
						B-Cell Development and Differentiation
						Natural Killer–Cell Development
						Lymphocyte Choreography
					Postnatal Lymphocyte Behavior
						Lymphoid Organ Development
					Inheritance of Abnormalities in T-, B-, and NK-Cell Development
					Bibliography
		Chapter 150 - Primary Defects of Antibody Production
			150 Primary Defects of Antibody Production
				Keywords
				X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
					Genetics and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
				Common Variable Immunodeficiency
					Genetics and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
				Selective IgA Deficiency
					Clinical Manifestations
				IgG Subclass Deficiencies
				Immunoglobulin Heavy- and Light-Chain Deletions
				Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy
				Class Switch Defects
					X-Linked Hyper-IgM Caused by Mutations in CD40 Ligand Gene
						Genetics and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Autosomal Recessive Hyper-IgM
						Genetics and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment and Prognosis
				X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease
					Genetics and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
				150.1 Treatment of B-Cell Defects
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 151 - Primary Defects of Cellular Immunity
			151 Primary Defects of Cellular Immunity
				Keywords
				Chromosome 22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
					Genetics and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
				T-Cell Activation Defects
				Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
				Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy- Candidiasis–Ectodermal Dysplasia
				Bibliography
		Chapter 152 - Immunodeficiencies Affecting Multiple Cell Types
			152 Immunodeficiencies Affecting Multiple Cell Types
				152.1 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
					Keywords
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Genetics
					Bibliography
				152.2 Combined Immunodeficiency
					Keywords
					Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia
						Genetics and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
					Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
						Genetics and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Ataxia-Telangiectasia
						Genetics and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
					Autosomal Dominant Hyper-IgE Syndrome
						Genetics and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
					DOCK8 Deficiency
					Bibliography
				152.3 Defects of Innate Immunity
					Keywords
					Interferon-γ Receptors 1 and 2, IL-12 Receptor β1, and IL-12P40 Defects
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
					IL-1R–Associated Kinase 4 Deficiency and Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
					Natural Killer Cell Deficiency
					Defects in Innate Responses to Viral Infection
					Defects in Innate Responses to Fungi
					Bibliography
				152.4 Treatment of Cellular or Combined Immunodeficiency
				152.5 Immune Dysregulation With Autoimmunity or Lymphoproliferation
					Keywords
					Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-Linked Syndrome
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA4) Deficiency
					Lipopolysaccharide (Lps)-Responsive Beige-Like Anchor Protein (LRBA) Deficiency
					Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) δ Syndromes
					Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Pathway Defects
					Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway Defects
					Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 7A (TTC7A) Deficiency
					Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 (DADA2)
					Bibliography
		Chapter 153 - Neutrophils
			3 The Phagocytic System
				153 Neutrophils
					Keywords
					The Phagocytic Inflammatory Response
					Hematopoiesis
					Neutrophil Maturation and Kinetics
					Neutrophil Function
					Bibliography
		Chapter 154 - Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
			154 Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
				Keywords
				Development
				Activation
				Functional Activities
				Dendritic Cells
				Abnormalities of Monocyte-Macrophage or Dendritic Cell Function
				Bibliography
		Chapter 155 - Eosinophils
			155 Eosinophils
				Keywords
				Diseases Associated With Eosinophilia
					Allergic Diseases
					Infectious Diseases
					Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
					Miscellaneous Diseases
				Bibliography
		Chapter 156 - Disorders of Phagocyte Function
			156 Disorders of Phagocyte Function
				Keywords
				Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
					Genetics and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome
					Genetics and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
				Myeloperoxidase Deficiency
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
				Chronic Granulomatous Disease
					Genetics and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Genetic Counseling
					Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 157 - Leukopenia
			157 Leukopenia
				Keywords
				Neutropenia
					Clinical Manifestations of Neutropenia
					Laboratory Findings
					Acquired Neutropenia
						Infection-Related Neutropenia
						Drug-Induced Neutropenia
						Nutrition-Related Neutropenia
						Immune-Mediated Neutropenia
						Neutropenia Secondary to Bone Marrow Replacement
						Neutropenia Secondary to Reticuloendothelial Sequestration
					Inherited Neutropenia
						Primary Disorders of Granulocytopoiesis
						Disorders of Molecular Processing
						Vesicular Trafficking Disorders
						Disorders of Metabolism
						Neutropenia in Disorders of Immune Dysfunction
					Unclassified Neutropenic Disorders
					Treatment
				Lymphopenia
					Acquired Lymphopenia
					Inherited Lymphopenia
				Bibliography
		Chapter 158 - Leukocytosis
			158 Leukocytosis
				Keywords
				Neutrophilia
					Acute Acquired Neutrophilia
					Chronic Acquired Neutrophilia
					Lifelong Neutrophilia
				Additional Forms of Leukocytosis
					Monocytosis
					Eosinophilia
					Basophilia
					Lymphocytosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 159 - Complement Components and Pathways
			4 The Complement System
				159 Complement Components and Pathways
					Keywords
					Classical and Lectin Pathways
					Alternative Pathway
					Membrane Attack Complex
					Control Mechanisms
					Participation in Host Defense
					Bibliography
		Chapter 160 - Disorders of the Complement System
			160 Disorders of the Complement System
				160.1 Evaluation of the Complement System
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				160.2 Genetic Deficiencies of Complement Components
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				160.3 Deficiencies of Plasma, Membrane, or Serosal Complement Control Proteins
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				160.4 Secondary Disorders of Complement
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				160.5 Treatment of Complement Disorders
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 161 - Principles and Clinical Indications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
			5 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
				161 Principles and Clinical Indications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
					Keywords
					HSCT From an HLA-Identical Sibling Donor
					Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
					Acute Myeloid Leukemia
					Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
					Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
					Myelodysplastic Syndromes Other Than Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
					Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Hodgkin Disease
					Acquired Aplastic Anemia
					Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
					Thalassemia
					Sickle Cell Disease
					Immunodeficiency Disorders
					Inherited Metabolic Diseases
					Bibliography
		Chapter 162 - Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From Alternative Sources and Donors
			162 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From Alternative Sources and Donors
				Keywords
				Unrelated Donor Transplants
				Umbilical Cord Blood Transplants
				Haploidentical Transplants
				Donor Versus Recipient NK-Cell Alloreactivity
				Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
				Bibliography
		Chapter 163 - Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Rejection, and Venoocclusive Disease
			163 Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Rejection, and Venoocclusive Disease
				Keywords
				Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
				Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
				Graft Failure
				Venoocclusive Disease
				Bibliography
		Chapter 164 - Infectious Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
			164 Infectious Complications of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 165 - Late Effects of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
			165 Late Effects of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
				Keywords
				Endocrine Effects
				Cardiovascular Effects
				Secondary Malignancy
				Graft-Versus-Host Disease
				Other Effects
				Special Considerations
				Bibliography
Volume 2 -  Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics  21th ed  2020   Original PDF.pdf (p.1909-3690)
	cover
	Contents
	14- XIV Allergic Disorders
		Chapter 166 - Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of Atopic Disease
			XIV Allergic Disorders
				166 Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of Atopic Disease
					Keywords
					Key Elements of Allergic Diseases
						Allergens
						T Cells
						Innate Lymphoid Cells
						Antigen-Presenting Cells
						Immunoglobulin E and Its Receptors
						Eosinophils
						Mast Cells
					Mechanisms of Allergic Tissue Inflammation
					Genetic Basis of Atopy
					Bibliography
		Chapter 167 - Diagnosis of Allergic Disease
			167 Diagnosis of Allergic Disease
				Keywords
				Allergy History
				Physical Examination
				Diagnostic Testing
					In Vitro Tests
					In Vivo Tests
				Bibliography
		Chapter 168 - Allergic Rhinitis
			168 Allergic Rhinitis
				Keywords
				Etiology and Classification
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Differential Diagnosis
				Complications
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 169 - Childhood Asthma
			169 Childhood Asthma
				Keywords
				Etiology
					Genetics
					Environment
				Epidemiology
					Types of Childhood Asthma
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
					Pulmonary Function Testing
					Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO)
					Radiology
				Treatment
					Component 1: Regular Assessment and Monitoring
					Component 2: Patient Education
						Adherence
					Component 3: Control of Factors Contributing to Asthma Severity
						Eliminating and Reducing Problematic Environmental Exposures
						Treating Comorbid Conditions
					Component 4: Principles of Asthma Pharmacotherapy
						“Step-Up, Step-Down” Approach
						Referral to Asthma Specialist
					Long-Term Controller Medications
						Inhaled Corticosteroids
						Systemic Corticosteroids
						Long-Acting Inhaled β-Agonists
						Combination ICS/LABA Therapy
						Leukotriene-Modifying Agents
						Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents
						Long-Acting Inhaled Anticholinergics
						Allergen Immunotherapy
						Biologic Therapies
							Omalizumab (Anti-IgE Antibody).
							Mepolizumab (Anti–IL-5 Antibody).
							Dupilumab (Anti–IL-4 Receptor α Antibody).
					Quick-Reliever Medications
						Short-Acting Inhaled β-Agonists
						Anticholinergic Agents
					Delivery Devices and Inhalation Technique
					Asthma Exacerbations and Their Management
					Home Management of Asthma Exacerbations
					Emergency Department Management of Asthma Exacerbations
					Hospital Management of Asthma Exacerbations
					Special Management Circumstances
						Management of Infants and Young Children
						Asthma Management During Surgery
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 170 - Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
			170 Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Cutaneous Hydration
					Topical Corticosteroids
					Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
					Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
					Tar Preparations
					Antihistamines
					Systemic Corticosteroids
					Cyclosporine
					Dupilumab
					Antimetabolites
					Phototherapy
					Unproven Therapies
						Interferon-γ
						Omalizumab
						Allergen Immunotherapy
						Probiotics
						Chinese Herbal Medications
						Vitamin D
				Avoiding Triggers
					Irritants
					Foods
					Aeroallergens
					Infections
				Complications
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 171 - Insect Allergy
			171 Insect Allergy
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Venom Immunotherapy
					Inhalant Allergy
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 172 - Ocular Allergies
			172 Ocular Allergies
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
					Allergic Conjunctivitis
					Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
					Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis
					Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis
					Contact Allergy
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 173 - Urticaria (Hives) and Angioedema
			173 Urticaria (Hives) and Angioedema
				Keywords
				Etiology and Pathogenesis
				Physical Urticaria
					Cold-Dependent Disorders
					Cholinergic Urticaria
					Dermatographism
					Pressure-Induced Urticaria and Angioedema
					Solar Urticaria
					Aquagenic Urticaria
				Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria and Angioedema
					Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Hereditary Angioedema
				Bibliography
		Chapter 174 - Anaphylaxis
			174 Anaphylaxis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 175 - Serum Sickness
			175 Serum Sickness
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Differential Diagnosis
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 176 - Food Allergy and Adverse Reactions to Foods
			176 Food Allergy and Adverse Reactions to Foods
				Keywords
				Genetics
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Gastrointestinal Manifestations
					Skin Manifestations
					Respiratory Manifestations
						Anaphylaxis
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 177 - Adverse Reactions to Drugs
			177 Adverse Reactions to Drugs
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
					Drug Metabolism and Adverse Reactions
					Risk Factors for Hypersensitivity Reactions
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
					β-Lactam Hypersensitivity
					Sulfonamides
					Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
					Hypersensitivity to Antiretroviral Agents
					Chemotherapeutic Agents
					Biologics
					Vaccines
					Perioperative Agents
					Local Anesthetics
					Insulin
					Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome
					Red Man Syndrome
					Radiocontrast Media
					Narcotic Analgesics
					Aspirin and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
				Bibliography
	15- XV Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood (Connective Tissue Disease, Collagen Vascular Diseases)
		Chapter 178 - Evaluation of Suspected Rheumatic Disease
			XV Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood (Connective Tissue Disease, Collagen Vascular Diseases)
				178 Evaluation of Suspected Rheumatic Disease
					Keywords
					Symptoms Suggestive of Rheumatic Disease
					Signs Suggestive of Rheumatic Disease
					Laboratory Testing
					Imaging Studies
					Bibliography
		Chapter 179 - Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases
			179 Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases
				Keywords
				Pediatric Rheumatology Teams and Primary Care Physicians
				Therapeutics
					Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
					Nonbiologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
						Methotrexate
						Hydroxychloroquine
						Leflunomide
						Sulfasalazine
						Mycophenolate Mofetil
						Glucocorticoids
					Biologic Agents
						Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Antagonists
						Modulator of T-Cell Activation
						B-Cell Depletion
						Interleukin-1 Antagonists
						Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonist
						Intravenous Immune Globulin
					Cytotoxics
						Cyclophosphamide
						Other Drugs
				Bibliography
		Chapter 180 - Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
			180 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Etiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 181 - Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other Spondyloarthritides
			181 Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other Spondyloarthritides
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Etiology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Enthesitis-Related Arthritis
					Psoriatic Arthritis
					Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis
					Arthritis With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
				Laboratory Findings
					Imaging
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 182 - Reactive and Postinfectious Arthritis
			182 Reactive and Postinfectious Arthritis
				Keywords
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications and Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 183 - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
			183 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Complications
				Prognosis
				183.1 Neonatal Lupus
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 184 - Juvenile Dermatomyositis
			184 Juvenile Dermatomyositis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Complications
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 185 - Scleroderma and Raynaud Phenomenon
			185 Scleroderma and Raynaud Phenomenon
				Keywords
				Etiology and Pathogenesis
				Classification
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
					Localized Scleroderma
					Systemic Scleroderma
					Raynaud Phenomenon
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 186 - Behçet Disease
			186 Behçet Disease
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Etiology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
				Treatment and Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 187 - Sjögren Syndrome
			187 Sjögren Syndrome
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Etiology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications and Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 188 - Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes and Other Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases
			188 Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes and Other Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases
				Keywords
				Classification of Autoinflammatory Disorders
				Autoinflammatory Diseases With Periodic or Prominent Fevers
					Familial Mediterranean Fever
					Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D With Periodic Fever Syndrome
					Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Periodic Syndrome
					Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Fever Syndromes
				Other Mendelian Autoinflammatory Diseases
					Syndrome of Pyogenic Arthritis With Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Acne
					Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist
					Blau Syndrome
					Autoinflammation With Phospholipase Cγ2–Associated Antibody Deficiency and Immune Dysregulation
					Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2
					Sideroblastic Anemia With Immunodeficiency, Fevers, and Development Delay
					Deficiency of Interleukin-36 Receptor Antagonist (DITRA)
					Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome Type 2
					Autoinflammation With Enterocolitis
					Majeed Syndrome
					Interferonopathies
					Chronic Atypical Neutrophilic Dermatosis With Lipodystrophy and Elevated Temperature
					STING-Associated Vasculopathy With Onset in Infancy
				Genetically Complex Autoinflammatory Diseases
					Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, and Adenitis
					Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 189 - Amyloidosis
			189 Amyloidosis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 190 - Sarcoidosis
			190 Sarcoidosis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 191 - Kawasaki Disease
			191 Kawasaki Disease
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory and Radiology Findings
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 192 - Vasculitis Syndromes
			192 Vasculitis Syndromes
				Keywords
				192.1 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
					Epidemiology
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				192.2 Takayasu Arteritis
					Epidemiology
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				192.3 Polyarteritis Nodosa and Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa
					Epidemiology
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				192.4 Antineutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
					Epidemiology
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				192.5 Other Vasculitis Syndromes
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 193 - Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes
			193 Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications and Prognosis
				193.1 Growing Pains
					Bibliography
				193.2 Small Fiber Polyneuropathy
					Bibliography
				193.3 Fibromyalgia
					Bibliography
				193.4 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
					Bibliography
				193.5 Erythromelalgia
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 194 - Miscellaneous Conditions Associated With Arthritis
			194 Miscellaneous Conditions Associated With Arthritis
				Keywords
				Relapsing Polychondritis
				Mucha-Habermann Disease/Pityriasis Lichenoides Et Varioliformis Acuta
				Sweet Syndrome
				Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
				Plant Thorn Synovitis
				Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
				Bibliography
	16- XVI Infectious Diseases
		Chapter 195 - Diagnostic Microbiology
			XVI Infectious Diseases
			1 General Considerations
			195 Diagnostic Microbiology
				Keywords
				Specimen Collection
				Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial and Fungal Infections
					Microscopy
					Isolation and Identification
						Blood Culture
						Cerebrospinal Fluid Culture
						Urine Culture
						Genital Culture
						Throat and Respiratory Culture
						Detection of Enteric Pathogens
						Culture of Other Fluids and Tissues
						Screening/Surveillance Cultures
				Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
					Fungal Cultures
				Point-of-Care Diagnostics
				Laboratory Detection of Parasitic Infections
				Serologic Diagnosis
				Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections
					Specimens
					Antigen Detection Tests
					Viral Culture
					Molecular Diagnostics
				Bibliography
		Chapter 196 - The Microbiome and Pediatric Health
			196 The Microbiome and Pediatric Health
				Keywords
				Measuring the Microbiome
				Early Childhood Development of the Microbiome
				The Microbiome and Physiologic Development
					Microbiome and Metabolism
					Microbiome, Inflammation, and Immunity
					Microbiome-Neurobiologic Connections
				Contributions of Microbiome to Disease
					Microbiome of Premature Birth
					Changes in the Microbiome With Necrotizing Enterocolitis
					Microbiome and Allergic Disorders
					Airway Microbiome of Cystic Fibrosis
					Microbiome During Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile Colitis
					Microbiome and Association With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
					Microbiome of Obesity
					Microbiome During Malnutrition
				Therapeutic Manipulation of the Microbiome
					Prebiotics
					Probiotics
				Bibliography
		Chapter 197 - Immunization Practices
			2 Preventive Measures
				197 Immunization Practices
					Keywords
					Passive Immunity
						Intramuscular Immunoglobulin
						Intravenous Immunoglobulin
						Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin
						Hyperimmune Animal Antisera Preparations
						Monoclonal Antibodies
					Active Immunization
					Vaccination System in the United States
						Vaccine Production
						Vaccine Policy
						Vaccine Financing
						Vaccine Safety Monitoring
						Vaccine Delivery
					Recommended Immunization Schedule
					Vaccines Recommended in Special Situations
					Precautions and Contraindications
					Medical Exemptions
					Improving Immunization Coverage
					Vaccine Hesitancy
					197.1 International Immunization Practices
						Bibliography
					Bibliography
		Chapter 198 - Infection Prevention and Control
			198 Infection Prevention and Control
				Keywords
				Hand Hygiene
				Standard Precautions
				Isolation
				Additional Measures
				Surgical Prophylaxis
				Employee Health
				Bibliography
		Chapter 199 - Childcare and Communicable Diseases
			199 Childcare and Communicable Diseases
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Respiratory Tract Infections
				Gastrointestinal Tract Infections
				Skin Diseases
				Invasive Organisms
				Herpesviruses
				Bloodborne Pathogens
				Antibiotic Use and Bacterial Resistance
				Prevention
				Standards
				Bibliography
		Chapter 200 - Health Advice for Children Traveling Internationally
			200 Health Advice for Children Traveling Internationally
				Keywords
				The Pediatric Travel Medicine Consultation
					Pediatric Travelers Visiting Friends and Relatives
				Safety and Preventive Counseling Topics
					Health and Evacuation Insurance, Underlying Health Conditions, and Medications
					Safety and Injury Prevention
					Animal Contact
				Routine Childhood Vaccinations Required for Pediatric Travel
					Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
					Haemophilus influenzae Type b
					Hepatitis A
					Hepatitis B
					Influenza and Avian Influenza
					Measles-Mumps-Rubella
					Pneumococcal Vaccines
					Polio Vaccine
					Varicella
				Specialized Pediatric Travel Vaccinations
					Cholera
					Hepatitis A Vaccination and Preexposure Immunoglobulin
					Japanese Encephalitis
					Meningococcal Vaccines
					Rabies
					Tuberculosis
					Typhoid
					Yellow Fever
				Traveler’s Diarrhea
					Guidance on Prevention of Traveler’s Diarrhea
					Management of Traveler’s Diarrhea
					Presumptive Antibiotic Treatment
				Insect-Borne Infections
				Malaria Chemoprophylaxis
				The Returning Traveler
				The Adolescent Traveler
				Bibliography
		Chapter 201 - Fever
			201 Fever
				Keywords
				Pathogenesis
				Etiology
				Clinical Features
				Evaluation
				Management
				Bibliography
		Chapter 202 - Fever Without a Focus in the Neonate and Young Infant
			202 Fever Without a Focus in the Neonate and Young Infant
				Keywords
				Etiology and Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Viral Respiratory Illness
					Urinary Tract Infection and Bacterial Meningitis
				Laboratory Diagnosis
					Complete Blood Count
					Blood Culture
					Urinalysis
					Cerebrospinal Fluid
					Herpes Simplex Virus Testing
					Enterovirus Testing
					Other Diagnostic Studies
				Treatment
					Antimicrobials
					Discharge From the Hospital
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 203 - Fever in the Older Child
			203 Fever in the Older Child
				Keywords
				Diagnosis
					Viral Infections
					Bacterial Infections
					Occult Urinary Tract Infection
					Occult Bacteremia
				General Approach
					Overall Appearance and Vital Signs
					Symptoms
					Physical Examination
				Evaluation
					Laboratory Testing
					Imaging
				Management
					General Management Principles
					Other Considerations
				Bibliography
		Chapter 204 - Fever of Unknown Origin
			204 Fever of Unknown Origin
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Diagnosis
					History
					Physical Examination
					Laboratory Evaluation
				Management
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 205 - Infections in Immunocompromised Persons
			205 Infections in Immunocompromised Persons
				Keywords
				205.1 Infections Occurring With Primary Immunodeficiencies
					Abnormalities of the Phagocytic System
					Defective Splenic Function, Opsonization, or Complement Activity
					B Cell Defects (Humoral Immunodeficiencies)
					T Cell Defects (Cell-Mediated Immunodeficiencies)
					Combined B Cell and T Cell Defects
					Bibliography
				205.2 Infections Occurring With Acquired Immunodeficiencies
					Acquired Immunodeficiency From Infectious Agents
					Malignancies
					Fever and Neutropenia
					Fever Without Neutropenia
					Transplantation
						Stem Cell Transplantation
							Pretransplantation Period
							Preengraftment Period
							Postengraftment Period
							Late Posttransplantation Period
						Solid-Organ Transplantation
							Timing
							Bacterial and Fungal Infections
							Viral Infections
							Opportunistic Pathogens
					Bibliography
				205.3 Prevention of Infection in Immunocompromised Persons
					Bibliography
		Chapter 206 - Infection Associated With Medical Devices
			206 Infection Associated With Medical Devices
				Keywords
				Intravascular Access Devices
					Catheter Types
					Catheter-Associated Skin and Soft Tissue Infection
					Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection
					Prevention of Infection
				Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts
					Prevention of Infection
				Urinary Catheters
					Prevention of Infection
				Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters
					Prevention of Infection
				Orthopedic Prostheses
				Bibliography
		Chapter 207 - Principles of Antibacterial Therapy
			3 Antibiotic Therapy
				207 Principles of Antibacterial Therapy
					Keywords
					Age- and Risk-Specific Use of Antibiotics in Children
						Neonates
						Older Children
						Immunocompromised and Hospitalized Patients
						Infections Associated With Medical Devices
					Antibiotics Commonly Used in Pediatric Practice
						Penicillins
						Cephalosporins
						Carbapenems
						Glycopeptides
						Aminoglycosides
						Tetracyclines
						Sulfonamides
						Macrolides
						Lincosamides
						Quinolones
						Streptogramins and Oxazolidinones
						Daptomycin
						Miscellaneous Agents
					Bibliography
		Chapter 208 - Staphylococcus
			4 Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
				208 Staphylococcus
					Keywords
					208.1 Staphylococcus aureus
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
							Newborn
							Skin
							Respiratory Tract
							Sepsis
							Muscle
							Bones and Joints
							Central Nervous System
							Heart
							Kidney
							Toxic Shock Syndrome
							Intestinal Tract
						Diagnosis
							Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prognosis
						Prevention
						Bibliography
					208.2 Toxic Shock Syndrome
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
							Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prevention
						Bibliography
					208.3 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
						Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
							Bacteremia
							Endocarditis
							Central Venous Catheter Infection
							Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts
							Urinary Tract Infection
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prognosis
						Prevention
						Bibliography
		Chapter 209 - Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
			209 Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 210 - Group A Streptococcus
			210 Group A Streptococcus
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Respiratory Tract Infections
					Scarlet Fever
					Impetigo
					Erysipelas
					Perianal Dermatitis
					Vaginitis
					Severe Invasive Disease
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications
					Poststreptococcal Reactive Arthritis
					Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus pyogenes
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				210.1 Rheumatic Fever
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
						The 5 Major Criteria
							Migratory Polyarthritis
							Carditis
							Chorea
						Erythema Marginatum
							Subcutaneous Nodules
						Minor Criteria
							Recent Group A Streptococcus Infection
							Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Antibiotic Therapy
						Antiinflammatory Therapy
						Sydenham Chorea
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Prevention
						Primary Prevention
						Secondary Prevention
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 211 - Group B Streptococcus
			211 Group B Streptococcus
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
					Chemoprophylaxis
					Maternal Immunization
				Bibliography
		Chapter 212 - Non–Group A or B Streptococci
			212 Non–Group A or B Streptococci
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 213 - Enterococcus
			213 Enterococcus
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
					Antimicrobial Resistance
				Clinical Manifestations
					Neonatal Infections
					Infections in Older Children
				Treatment
					Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 214 - Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
			214 Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Respiratory Tract Diphtheria
					Cutaneous Diphtheria
					Infection at Other Sites
				Diagnosis
				Complications
					Toxic Cardiomyopathy
					Toxic Neuropathy
				Treatment
				Supportive Care
				Prognosis
				Prevention
					Asymptomatic Case Contacts
					Asymptomatic Carriers
					Vaccine
				Bibliography
					Websites
		Chapter 215 - Listeria monocytogenes
			215 Listeria monocytogenes
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Listeriosis in Pregnancy
					Neonatal Listeriosis
					Postneonatal Infections
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 216 - Actinomyces
			216 Actinomyces
				Keywords
				Etiology and Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Diagnosis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Cervicofacial Actinomycosis
					Abdominal and Pelvic Actinomycosis
					Thoracic Actinomycosis
					Cerebral and Other Forms of Actinomycosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 217 - Nocardia
			217 Nocardia
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical and Radiographic Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 218 - Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
			5 Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
				218 Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology
						Immunity
						Host Factors
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Antibiotics
						Supportive Care
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Prevention
						Secondary Prevention
						Vaccination
					Bibliography
		Chapter 219 - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
			219 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis and Pathology
				Clinical Manifestations
					Asymptomatic Gonorrhea
					Uncomplicated, Localized Gonorrhea
					Disseminated Gonococcal Infection
				Diagnosis
					Gram Stain and Culture
					Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests
				Treatment
				Complications
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 220 - Kingella kingae
			220 Kingella kingae
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Disease
					Septic Arthritis
					Osteomyelitis
				Spondylodiscitis
					Occult Bacteremia
					Endocarditis
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 221 - Haemophilus influenzae
			221 Haemophilus influenzae
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
					Antibiotic Resistance
					Immunity
				Diagnosis
				Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
					Meningitis
					Cellulitis
						Preseptal Cellulitis
						Orbital Cellulitis
					Supraglottitis or Acute Epiglottitis
					Pneumonia
					Suppurative Arthritis
					Pericarditis
					Bacteremia Without an Associated Focus
					Miscellaneous Infections
					Invasive Disease in Neonates
					Otitis Media
					Conjunctivitis
					Sinusitis
				Prevention
					Vaccine
					Prophylaxis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 222 - Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
			222 Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
				Keywords
				Etiology and Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications
				Bibliography
		Chapter 223 - Moraxella catarrhalis
			223 Moraxella catarrhalis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis of Infection
				Clinical Manifestations
					Acute Otitis Media
					Recurrent Otitis Media and Otitis Media With Effusion
					Sinusitis
					Bacteremia
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 224 - Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis)
			224 Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Antibiotics
					Adjunct Therapies
					Isolation
					Care of Household and Other Close Contacts
				Complications
				Prevention
					DTaP Vaccines
					Tdap Vaccines
				Bibliography
		Chapter 225 - Salmonella
			225 Salmonella
				Keywords
				225.1 Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
						Acute Enteritis
						Bacteremia
							Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremia as Emerging Disease in Africa
							Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremia in Other Geographic Regions
						Extraintestinal Focal Infections
						Chronic Salmonella Carriage
					Complications
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				225.2 Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever)
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Complications
					Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
		Chapter 226 - Shigella
			226 Shigella
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Immunity
				Clinical Manifestations and Complications
				Differential Diagnosis
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 227 - Escherichia coli
			227 Escherichia coli
				Keywords
				Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
				Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
				Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
				Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli
				Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
				Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli
				Enteroaggregative Hemorrhagic Escherichia coli
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention of Illness
				Bibliography
		Chapter 228 - Cholera
			228 Cholera
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 229 - Campylobacter
			229 Campylobacter
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Acute Gastroenteritis
					Bacteremia
					Focal Extraintestinal Infections
					Perinatal Infections
				Diagnosis
				Complications
					Reactive Arthritis
					Guillain-Barré Syndrome
					Other Complications
					Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 230 - Yersinia
			230 Yersinia
				230.1 Yersinia enterocolitica
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				230.2 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				230.3 Plague (Yersinia pestis)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
		Chapter 231 - Aeromonas and Plesiomonas
			231 Aeromonas and Plesiomonas
				Keywords
				231.1 Aeromonas
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
						Enteritis
						Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
						Septicemia
						Other Infections
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				231.2 Plesiomonas shigelloides
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 232 - Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas
			232 Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas
				232.1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathology
						Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
						Burns and Wound Infection
						Cystic Fibrosis
						Immunocompromised Persons
						Nosocomial Pneumonia
						Infants
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Supportive Care
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				232.2 Burkholderia cepacia Complex
					Keywords
					Burkholderia mallei (Glanders)
					Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioidosis)
					Bibliography
						Burkholderia cepacia Complex
						Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei
				232.3 Stenotrophomonas
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 233 - Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
			233 Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 234 - Brucella
			234 Brucella
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 235 - Legionella
			235 Legionella
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Pontiac Fever
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 236 - Bartonella
			236 Bartonella
				236.1 Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				236.2 Bartonellosis (Bartonella bacilliformis)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				236.3 Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				236.4 Bacillary Angiomatosis and Bacillary Peliosis Hepatis (Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana)
					Keywords
					Bacillary Angiomatosis
					Bacillary Peliosis
					Bacteremia and Endocarditis
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 237 - Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
			6 Anaerobic Bacterial Infections
				237 Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Supportive Care
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
		Chapter 238 - Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
			238 Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Supportive Care
				Complications
				Prognosis
				Prevention
					Wound Management
				Bibliography
		Chapter 239 - Clostridium difficile Infection
			239 Clostridium difficile Infection
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 240 - Other Anaerobic Infections
			240 Other Anaerobic Infections
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
					Bacteremia
					Central Nervous System
					Upper Respiratory Tract
					Lower Respiratory Tract
					Intraabdominal Infection
					Genital Tract
					Skin and Soft Tissue
					Other Sites
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Common Anaerobic Pathogens
					Clostridium
						Myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene)
						Food Poisoning
					Bacteroides and Prevotella
					Fusobacterium
					Veillonella
					Anaerobic Cocci
				Bibliography
		Chapter 241 - Principles of Antimycobacterial Therapy
			7 Mycobacterial Infections
				241 Principles of Antimycobacterial Therapy
					Keywords
					Agents Used Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
						Commonly Used Agents
							Isoniazid
							Rifamycins
							Pyrazinamide
							Ethambutol
						Less Commonly Used Agents
							Aminoglycosides
							Cycloserine
							Ethionamide
							Fluoroquinolones
							Linezolid
							Paraaminosalicylic Acid
							Bedaquiline Fumarate
							Delamanid
					Agents Used Against Mycobacterium Leprae
						Dapsone
						Clofazimine
					Agents Used Against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
						Cefoxitin
						Doxycycline
						Macrolides
						Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
					Bibliography
		Chapter 242 - Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
			242 Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
				Keywords
				Etiology
					Clinical Stages
				Epidemiology
				Transmission
				Pathogenesis
					Immunity
				Clinical Manifestations
					Primary Pulmonary Disease
					Progressive Primary Pulmonary Disease
					Reactivation Tuberculosis
					Pleural Effusion
					Pericardial Disease
					Lymphohematogenous (Disseminated) Disease
					Upper Respiratory Tract Disease
					Lymph Node Disease
					Central Nervous System Disease
					Cutaneous Disease
					Bone and Joint Disease
					Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Disease
					Genitourinary Disease
					Pregnancy and the Newborn
					Perinatal Disease
					Disease in HIV-Infected Children
				Diagnostic Tools
					Tuberculin Skin Testing (TST)
					Interferon-γ Release Assay (IGRA)
				Mycobacterial Sampling, Susceptibility and Culture
					Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests
				Treatment
					Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
					Corticosteroids
					Supportive Care
					Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
				Prevention
					Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination
					Prevention of Perinatal Tuberculosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 243 - Hansen Disease (Mycobacterium leprae)
			243 Hansen Disease (Mycobacterium leprae)
				Keywords
				Microbiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Disease Classification
				Clinical Manifestations
					Skin Involvement
					Nerve Involvement
					Other Organ Involvement
					Immunologic Reactions
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Leprosy Reactions
				Long-Term Complications
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 244 - Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
			244 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 245 - Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
			8 Spirochetal Infections
				245 Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
						Congenital Infection
					Diagnosis
						Congenital Syphilis
					Treatment
						Acquired Syphilis
						Syphilis in Pregnancy
						Congenital Syphilis
					Prevention
						Congenital Syphilis
					Bibliography
						Additional Websites
		Chapter 246 - Nonvenereal Treponemal Infections
			246 Nonvenereal Treponemal Infections
				Keywords
				246.1 Yaws (Treponema pertenue)
					Bibliography
				246.2 Bejel (Endemic Syphilis; Treponema pallidum endemicum)
					Bibliography
				246.3 Pinta (Treponema carateum)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 247 - Leptospira
			247 Leptospira
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Anicteric Leptospirosis
					Icteric Leptospirosis (Weil Syndrome)
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 248 - Relapsing Fever (Borrelia)
			248 Relapsing Fever (Borrelia)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 249 - Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
			249 Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Transmission
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Early Localized Disease
					Early Disseminated Disease
					Late Disease
					Congenital Lyme Disease
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis
					Serology
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 250 - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
			9 Mycoplasmal Infections
				250 Mycoplasma pneumoniae
					Keywords
					The Organism
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
						Respiratory Tract Disease
						Extrapulmonary Disease
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Antimicrobial Therapy
						Adjunctive Therapy
					Prevention
					Bibliography
		Chapter 251 - Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum)
			251 Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Transmission
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Intrauterine and Neonatal Infections
						Chorioamnionitis and Early Onset Infections
						Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
						Central Nervous System Infections
					Genitourinary Infections
					Nongenital Infections
				Diagnosis
					Genital Tract Infection
					Neonates
				Treatment
					Adolescents and Adults
					Neonates
				Bibliography
		Chapter 252 - Chlamydia pneumoniae
			10 Chlamydial Infections
				252 Chlamydia pneumoniae
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
		Chapter 253 - Chlamydia trachomatis
			253 Chlamydia trachomatis
				253.1 Trachoma
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				253.2 Genital Tract Infections
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				253.3 Conjunctivitis and Pneumonia in Newborns
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
						Inclusion Conjunctivitis
						Pneumonia
						Infections at Other Sites
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				253.4 Lymphogranuloma Venereum
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 254 - Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)
			254 Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 255 - Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses
			11 Rickettsial Infections
				255 Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses
					Keywords
					255.1 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Transmission
						Pathology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
							Other
						Laboratory Findings
						Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Supportive Care
						Complications
						Prognosis
						Prevention
						Bibliography
					255.2 Mediterranean Spotted Fever or Boutonneuse Fever (Rickettsia conorii)
						Etiology
						Epidemiology
						Transmission
						Pathology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
						Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment and Supportive Care
						Complications
						Prevention
						Bibliography
					255.3 Rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari) and Flea-Borne Spotted Fever
						Bibliography
					Bibliography
		Chapter 256 - Scrub Typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi)
			256 Scrub Typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Transmission
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment and Supportive Care
				Complications
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 257 - Typhus Group Rickettsioses
			257 Typhus Group Rickettsioses
				Keywords
				257.1 Murine (Endemic or Flea-Borne) Typhus (Rickettsia typhi)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Transmission
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Supportive Care
					Complications
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				257.2 Epidemic (Louse-Borne) Typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Transmission
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 258 - Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
			258 Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Transmission
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications and Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 259 - Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)
			259 Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Transmission
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations and Complications
					Primary (Acute) Q Fever
					Persistent Localized Q Fever Infection
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 260 - Principles of Antifungal Therapy
			12 Fungal Infections
				260 Principles of Antifungal Therapy
					Keywords
					Polyenes
						Amphotericin B
					Pyrimidine Analogs
						5-Fluorocytosine
					Azoles
						Fluconazole
						Itraconazole
						Voriconazole
						Posaconazole
						Isavuconazole
					Echinocandins
						Caspofungin
						Micafungin
						Anidulafungin
					Bibliography
		Chapter 261 - Candida
			261 Candida
				Keywords
				261.1 Neonatal Infections
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prophylaxis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				261.2 Infections in Immunocompetent Children and Adolescents
					Keywords
					Oral Candidiasis
					Diaper Dermatitis
					Ungual and Periungual Infections
					Vulvovaginitis
					Bibliography
				261.3 Infections in Immunocompromised Children and Adolescents
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
						HIV-Infected Children
						Cancer and Transplant Patients
						Catheter-Associated Infections
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Primary Immune Defects
					Bibliography
		Chapter 262 - Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii
			262 Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Meningitis
					Pneumonia
					Cutaneous Infection
					Skeletal Infection
					Sepsis Syndrome
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 263 - Malassezia
			263 Malassezia
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 264 - Aspergillus
			264 Aspergillus
				264.1 Allergic Disease (Hypersensitivity Syndromes)
					Keywords
					Asthma
					Extrinsic Alveolar Alveolitis
					Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
					Allergic Aspergillus Sinusitis
					Bibliography
				264.2 Saprophytic (Noninvasive) Syndromes
					Keywords
					Pulmonary Aspergilloma
					Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
					Sinusitis
					Otomycosis
					Bibliography
				264.3 Invasive Disease
					Keywords
					Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Special Populations
					Cutaneous Aspergillosis
					Invasive Sinonasal Disease
					Central Nervous System
					Eye
					Bone
					Heart
					Empirical Antifungal Therapy
					Bibliography
		Chapter 265 - Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum)
			265 Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 266 - Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii)
			266 Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 267 - Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Species)
			267 Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Species)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Primary Coccidioidomycosis
					Complicated Pulmonary Infection
					Residual Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis
					Disseminated (Extrapulmonary) Infection
				Diagnosis
					Culture, Histopathologic Findings, and Antigen Detection
					Serology
					Imaging Procedures
				Treatment
					Primary Pulmonary Infection
					Diffuse Pneumonia
					Disseminated (Extrapulmonary) Infection
					Meningitis
					Surgical Management
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 268 - Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
			268 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 269 - Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)
			269 Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 270 - Mucormycosis
			270 Mucormycosis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 271 - Pneumocystis jirovecii
			271 Pneumocystis jirovecii
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Pathology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Supportive Care
				Complications
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 272 - Principles of Antiviral Therapy
			13 Viral Infections
				272 Principles of Antiviral Therapy
					Keywords
					Antivirals Used for Herpesviruses
						Acyclovir
						Valacyclovir
						Penciclovir and Famciclovir
						Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir
						Foscarnet
						Cidofovir
						Trifluridine
						Vidarabine
						Fomivirsen
						New Agents
					Antivirals Used for Respiratory Viral Infections
						Ribavirin
						Amantadine and Rimantadine
						Oseltamivir, Zanamivir, and Peramivir
						Baloxavir
					Antivirals Used for Hepatitis
					Antiviral Immune Globulins
					Bibliography
		Chapter 273 - Measles
			273 Measles
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Transmission
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Modified Measles Infection
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Complications
					Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
				Treatment
					Vitamin A
				Prognosis
				Prevention
					Vaccine
					Postexposure Prophylaxis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 274 - Rubella
			274 Rubella
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnoses
				Differential Diagnoses
				Complications
					Congenital Rubella Syndrome
				Treatment
				Supportive Care
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Vaccination
				Bibliography
		Chapter 275 - Mumps
			275 Mumps
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Complications
					Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis
					Orchitis and Oophoritis
					Pancreatitis
					Cardiac Involvement
					Arthritis
					Thyroiditis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 276 - Polioviruses
			276 Polioviruses
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Transmission
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Abortive Poliomyelitis
					Nonparalytic Poliomyelitis
					Paralytic Poliomyelitis
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Abortive Poliomyelitis
					Nonparalytic Poliomyelitis
					Paralytic Poliomyelitis
				Complications
				Prognosis
					Postpolio Syndrome
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 277 - Nonpolio Enteroviruses
			277 Nonpolio Enteroviruses
				Keywords
				Etiology
					Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Nonspecific Febrile Illness
					Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease
					Herpangina
					Respiratory Manifestations
					Ocular Manifestations
					Myocarditis and Pericarditis
					Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Manifestations
					Neurologic Manifestations
					Myositis and Arthritis
					Neonatal Infections
					Transplant Recipients and Patients With Malignancies
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications and Prognosis
					Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 278 - Parvoviruses
			278 Parvoviruses
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
					Parvovirus B19
					Human Bocaviruses
				Pathogenesis
					Parvovirus B19
					Human Bocaviruses
				Clinical Manifestations
					Parvovirus B19
						Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
						Arthropathy
						Transient Aplastic Crisis
						Immunocompromised Persons
						Fetal Infection
						Myocarditis
						Other Cutaneous Manifestations
					Human Bocaviruses
				Diagnosis
					Parvovirus B19 Infection
					Human Bocavirus Infections
				Differential Diagnosis
					Parvovirus B19
					Human Bocavirus
				Treatment
					Parvovirus B19
					Human Bocavirus
				Complications
					Parvovirus B19
					Human Bocavirus
				Prevention
					Parvovirus B19
					Human Bocavirus
				Bibliography
		Chapter 279 - Herpes Simplex Virus
			279 Herpes Simplex Virus
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Acute Oropharyngeal Infections
					Herpes Labialis
					Cutaneous Infections
					Genital Herpes
					Ocular Infections
					Central Nervous System Infections
					Infections in Immunocompromised Persons
					Perinatal Infections
				Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
					Acute Mucocutaneous Infections
					Genital Herpes
					Ocular Infections
					Central Nervous System Infections
					Infections in Immunocompromised Persons
					Perinatal Infections
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 280 - Varicella-Zoster Virus
			280 Varicella-Zoster Virus*
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Varicella in Unvaccinated Individuals
					Varicelliform Rashes in Vaccinated Individuals
					Neonatal Varicella
					Congenital Varicella Syndrome
				Complications
					Bacterial Infections
					Encephalitis and Cerebellar Ataxia
					Pneumonia
					Progressive Varicella
					Herpes Zoster
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Varicella
					Herpes Zoster
				Prognosis
				Prevention
					Vaccine
					Vaccine-Associated Adverse Events
					Postexposure Prophylaxis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 281 - Epstein-Barr Virus
			281 Epstein-Barr Virus
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Laboratory Diagnosis
						Detection of Heterophile Antibodies
						Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus–Specific Antibodies
						Detection of Viral DNA
				Complications
				Oncogenesis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 282 - Cytomegalovirus
			282 Cytomegalovirus
				The Virus and Its Interaction With the Host
				Epidemiology
					Mechanisms of Disease Associated With Cytomegalovirus Infections
				Clinical Manifestations
					Normal Host
					Immunocompromised Host
					Congenital Infection
					Perinatal Infection
				Diagnosis
					Congenital Infections
					Noncongenital Infections
				Treatment
				Prevention
					Passive Immunoprophylaxis
					Active Immunoprophylaxis
					Counseling
				Bibliography
		Chapter 283 - Roseola (Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7)
			283 Roseola (Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology/Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 284 - Human Herpesvirus 8
			284 Human Herpesvirus 8
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 285 - Influenza Viruse
			285 Influenza Viruses*
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
					Antigenic Variation
					Seasonal Influenza
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Complications
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Supportive Care
				Prognosis
				Prevention
					Vaccines
					Chemoprophylaxis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 286 - Parainfluenza Viruses
			286 Parainfluenza Viruses*
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 287 - Respiratory Syncytial Virus
			287 Respiratory Syncytial Virus
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
					Passive Immunoprophylaxis
					Vaccine
				Bibliography
		Chapter 288 - Human Metapneumovirus
			288 Human Metapneumovirus
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
					Supportive Care
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 289 - Adenoviruses
			289 Adenoviruses
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Acute Respiratory Disease
					Ocular Infections
					Gastrointestinal Infections
					Hemorrhagic Cystitis
					Other Complications
					Adenoviruses in Immunocompromised Patients
				Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 290 - Rhinoviruses
			290 Rhinoviruses
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 291 - Coronaviruses
			291 Coronaviruses
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis of SARS and MERS
				Clinical Manifestations
					Respiratory Infections
					Nonrespiratory Sequelae
					Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Associated Coronavirus
					Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
				Diagnosis
				Treatment and Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 292 - Rotaviruses, Caliciviruses, and Astroviruses
			292 Rotaviruses, Caliciviruses, and Astroviruses
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Supportive Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
					Vaccines
				Bibliography
		Chapter 293 - Human Papillomaviruses
			293 Human Papillomaviruses
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Skin Lesions
					Genital Warts
					Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Cancers
					Laryngeal Papillomatosis
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 294 - Arboviral Infections
			294 Arboviral Infections
				Etiology
				Diagnosis
				Prevention
				294.1 Eastern Equine Encephalitis
				294.2 Western Equine Encephalitis
				294.3 St. Louis Encephalitis
				294.4 West Nile Encephalitis
					Bibliography
				294.5 Powassan Encephalitis
					Bibliography
				294.6 La Crosse and California Encephalitis
				294.7 Colorado Tick Fever
				294.8 Chikungunya Fever
					Bibliography
				294.9 Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis
				294.10 Japanese Encephalitis
					Bibliography
				294.11 Tick-Borne Encephalitis
					Bibliography
				294.12 Zika Virus
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Features
					Management
					Laboratory Diagnosis
					Prognosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 295 - Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Severe Dengue
			295 Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Severe Dengue
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
					Dengue-Like Diseases
					Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Dengue Fever
					Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DHF/DSS)
					Dengue With Warning Signs and Severe Dengue
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
					Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome
				Complications
				Prognosis
					Dengue Fever
					Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 296 - Yellow Fever
			296 Yellow Fever
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 297 - Ebola and Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
			297 Ebola and Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
					Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
					Kyasanur Forest Disease
					Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever
					Rift Valley Fever
					Argentine Hemorrhagic Fever
					Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever
					Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever
					Lassa Fever
					Marburg Disease
					Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
					Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome
				Clinical Manifestations
					Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
					Kyasanur Forest Disease and Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever
					Rift Valley Fever
					Argentine, Venezuelan, and Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fevers and Lassa Fever
					Marburg Disease and Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
					Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 298 - Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
			298 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Acquired (Postnatal) Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
					Congenital Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
					Supportive Care
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 299 - Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
			299 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Laboratory Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 300 - Rabies
			300 Rabies
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Transmission
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Differential Diagnosis
				Diagnosis
				Treatment and Prognosis
				Prevention
					Immunization and Fertility Control of Animal Reservoirs
					Postexposure Prophylaxis
					Preexposure Prophylaxis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 301 - Polyomaviruses
			301 Polyomaviruses
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 302 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
			302 Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
					Transmission
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Infections
					Central Nervous System
					Respiratory Tract
					Cardiovascular System
					Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Tract
					Renal Disease
					Skin Manifestations
					Hematologic and Malignant Diseases
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Combination Therapy
					Adherence
					Initiation of Therapy
					Dosages
					Changing Antiretroviral Therapy
					Monitoring Antiretroviral Therapy
					Resistance to Antiretroviral Therapy
					Supportive Care
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 303 - Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (1 and 2)
			303 Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses (1 and 2)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology and Modes of Transmission
				Diagnosis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
				Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1–Associated Myelopathy
				Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-2
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 304 - Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
			304 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis and Pathology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Genetic Counseling
				Prognosis
				Family Support
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 305 - Principles of Antiparasitic Therapy
			14 Antiparasitic Therapy
				305 Principles of Antiparasitic Therapy
					Keywords
					Selected Antiparasitic Drugs for Protozoans
						Nitazoxanide (Alinia)
						Tinidazole (Tindamax)
						Atovaquone/Proguanil (Malarone)
						Artemisinin Derivatives (Artemether, Artesunate) and Combination Therapies (Artemether/Lumefantrine or Coartem)
					Selected Antiparasitic Drugs for Helminths and Ectoparasites
						Albendazole (Albenza)
						Ivermectin (Stromectol, Mectizan)
						Praziquantel (Biltricide)
		Chapter 306 - Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
			15 Protozoan Diseases
				306 Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 307 - Amebiasis
			307 Amebiasis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Amebic Colitis
					Amebic Liver Abscess
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 308 - Giardiasis and Balantidiasis
			308 Giardiasis and Balantidiasis
				Keywords
				308.1 Giardia duodenalis
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				308.2 Balantidiasis
					Bibliography
		Chapter 309 - Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, Cyclospora, and Microsporidia
			309 Cryptosporidium, Cystoisospora, Cyclospora, and Microsporidia
				Keywords
				Cryptosporidium
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Cystoisospora
				Cyclospora
				Microsporidia
				Bibliography
		Chapter 310 - Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)
			310 Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 311 - Leishmaniasis (Leishmania)
			311 Leishmaniasis (Leishmania)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
					Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
					Disseminated Leishmaniasis
					Mucosal Leishmaniasis
					Visceral Leishmaniasis
				Laboratory Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 312 - African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma brucei Complex)
			312 African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma brucei Complex)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Life Cycle
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Trypanosomal Chancre
					Hemolymphatic Stage (Stage 1)
					Meningoencephalitic Stage (Stage 2)
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Stage 1 Treatment
					Stage 2 Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 313 - American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease; Trypanosoma cruzi)
			313 American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease; Trypanosoma cruzi)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Life Cycle
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
					Acute Disease
					Chronic Disease
				Clinical Manifestations
					Immunocompromised Persons
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 314 - Malaria (Plasmodium)
			314 Malaria (Plasmodium)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria
					Plasmodium Vivax, P. Ovale, P. Malariae, or P. Knowlesi Malaria
				Complications of Plasmodium Falciparum MALARIA
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 315 - Babesiosis (Babesia)
			315 Babesiosis (Babesia)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 316 - Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
			316 Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
					Congenital Toxoplasmosis
				Pathogenesis
					Congenital Toxoplasmosis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Acquired Toxoplasmosis
					Ocular Toxoplasmosis
					Immunocompromised Persons
					Congenital Toxoplasmosis
				Systemic Signs
					Skin
					Endocrine Abnormalities
					Central Nervous System
					Eyes
					Ears
				Diagnosis
					Isolation
					Serologic Testing
					Acquired Toxoplasmosis
					Ocular Toxoplasmosis
					Immunocompromised Persons
					Congenital Toxoplasmosis
				Treatment
					Acquired Toxoplasmosis
					Ocular Toxoplasmosis
					Immunocompromised Persons
					Congenital Toxoplasmosis
					Pregnant Women With Toxoplasma gondii Infection
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Acknowledgment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 317 - Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)
			16 Helminthic Diseases
				317 Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
		Chapter 318 - Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma spp.)
			318 Hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma spp.)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				318.1 Cutaneous Larva Migrans
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 319 - Trichuriasis (Trichuris trichiura)
			319 Trichuriasis (Trichuris trichiura)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 320 - Enterobiasis (Enterobius vermicularis)
			320 Enterobiasis (Enterobius vermicularis)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 321 - Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis)
			321 Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 322 - Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti)
			322 Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
					Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 323 - Other Tissue Nematodes
			323 Other Tissue Nematodes
				Keywords
				Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca Volvulus)
				Loiasis (Loa Loa)
				Infection With Animal Filariae
				Angiostrongylus Cantonensis
				Angiostrongylus Costaricensis
				Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus Medinensis)
				Gnathostoma Spinigerum
				Bibliography
					Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus)
					Loiasis (Loa loa)
					Infection With Animal Filariae
					Angiostrongylus cantonensis
					Angiostrongylus costaricensis and Gnathostoma spinigerum
					Dracunculiasis (Dracunculus medinensis)
		Chapter 324 - Toxocariasis (Visceral and Ocular Larva Migrans)
			324 Toxocariasis (Visceral and Ocular Larva Migrans)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 325 - Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis)
			325 Trichinellosis (Trichinella spiralis)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 326 - Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)
			326 Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 327 - Flukes (Liver, Lung, and Intestinal)
			327 Flukes (Liver, Lung, and Intestinal)
				Keywords
				Liver Flukes
					Fascioliasis (Fasciola hepatica)
					Clonorchiasis (Clonorchis sinensis)
					Opisthorchiasis (Opisthorchis spp.)
				Lung Flukes
					Paragonimiasis (Paragonimus spp.)
				Intestinal Flukes
				Bibliography
		Chapter 328 - Adult Tapeworm Infections
			328 Adult Tapeworm Infections
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Diphyllobothriasis (Diphyllobothrium Spp.)
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
				Hymenolepiasis (Hymenolepis)
				Dipylidiasis (Dipylidium Caninum)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 329 - Cysticercosis
			329 Cysticercosis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 330 - Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis)
			330 Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
	17- XVII The Digestive System
		Chapter 331 - Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena
			XVII The Digestive System
			1 Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease
			331 Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 332 - Major Symptoms and Signs of Digestive Tract Disorders
			332 Major Symptoms and Signs of Digestive Tract Disorders
				Keywords
				Dysphagia
				Regurgitation
				Anorexia
				Vomiting
				Diarrhea
				Constipation
				Abdominal Pain
				Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
				Abdominal Distention and Abdominal Masses
				Bibliography
		Chapter 333 - Development and Developmental Anomalies of the Teeth
			2 The Oral Cavity
				333 Development and Developmental Anomalies of the Teeth
					Keywords
					Development of Teeth
						Initiation
						Histodifferentiation–Morphodifferentiation
						Calcification
						Eruption
						Anomalies Associated With Tooth Development
					Bibliography
		Chapter 334 - Disorders of the Oral Cavity Associated With Other Conditions
			334 Disorders of the Oral Cavity Associated With Other Conditions
				Keywords
		Chapter 335 - Malocclusion
			335 Malocclusion
				Keywords
				Variations in Growth Patterns
				Crossbite
				Open and Closed Bites
				Dental Crowding
				Digit Sucking
		Chapter 336 - Cleft Lip and Palate
			336 Cleft Lip and Palate
				Keywords
				Incidence and Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Treatment
				Postoperative Management
				Sequelae
				Velopharyngeal Dysfunction
					Clinical Manifestations
				Bibliography
		Chapter 337 - Syndromes With Oral Manifestations
			337 Syndromes With Oral Manifestations
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 338 - Dental Caries
			338 Dental Caries
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prevention
					Fluoride
					Oral Hygiene
					Diet
					Dental Sealant
				Bibliography
		Chapter 339 - Periodontal Diseases
			339 Periodontal Diseases
				Keywords
				Gingivitis
				Aggressive Periodontitis in Children (Prepubertal Periodontitis)
				Aggressive Periodontitis in Adolescents
				Cyclosporine- or Phenytoin-Induced Gingival Overgrowth
				Acute Pericoronitis
				Necrotizing Periodontal Disease (Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 340 - Dental Trauma
			340 Dental Trauma
				Keywords
				Injuries to Teeth
				Injuries to Periodontal Structures
					Concussion
					Subluxation
					Intrusion
					Extrusion
					Avulsion
				Prevention
				Additional Considerations
				Bibliography
		Chapter 341 - Common Lesions of the Oral Soft Tissues
			341 Common Lesions of the Oral Soft Tissues
				Keywords
				Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
				Aphthous Ulcers
				Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
				Recurrent Herpes Labialis
				Parulis
				Cheilitis
				Ankyloglossia
				Geographic Tongue
				Fissured Tongue
				Developmental (Normal) Variations
					Bohn Nodules
					Dental Lamina Cysts
					Epstein Pearls
					Fordyce Granules
				Bibliography
		Chapter 342 - Diseases of the Salivary Glands and Jaws
			342 Diseases of the Salivary Glands and Jaws
				Keywords
				Parotitis
				Ranula
				Mucocele
				Congenital Lip Pits
				Eruption Cyst
				Xerostomia
				Salivary Gland Tumors
				Histiocytic Disorders
				Tumors of the Jaw
				Bibliography
		Chapter 343 - Diagnostic Radiology in Dental Assessment
			343 Diagnostic Radiology in Dental Assessment
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 344 - Embryology, Anatomy, and Function of the Esophagus
			3 The Esophagus
				344 Embryology, Anatomy, and Function of the Esophagus
					Keywords
					Embryology
					Anatomy
					Function
					344.1 Common Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Aids
						Keywords
						Diagnostic Aids
						Bibliography
					Bibliography
		Chapter 345 - Congenital Anomalies
			345 Congenital Anomalies
				345.1 Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
					Keywords
					Presentation
					Diagnosis
					Management
					Outcome
					Bibliography
				345.2 Laryngotracheoesophageal Clefts
					Bibliography
				345.3 Congenital Esophageal Stenosis
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 346 - Obstructing and Motility Disorders of the Esophagus
			346 Obstructing and Motility Disorders of the Esophagus
				Keywords
				Extrinsic
				Intrinsic
				Bibliography
		Chapter 347 - Dysmotility
			347 Dysmotility
				Keywords
				Upper Esophageal and Upper Esophageal Sphincter Dysmotility (Striated Muscle)
				Lower Esophageal and Lower Esophageal Sphincter Dysfunction (Smooth Muscle)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 348 - Hiatal Hernia
			348 Hiatal Hernia
				Keywords
		Chapter 349 - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
			349 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
				Keywords
				Pathophysiology
				Epidemiology and Natural History
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Management
				349.1 Complications of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
					Keywords
					Esophageal: Esophagitis and Sequelae—Stricture, Barrett Esophagus, Adenocarcinoma
					Nutritional
					Extraesophageal: Respiratory (“Atypical”) Presentations
					Apnea and Stridor
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 350 - Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Pill Esophagitis, and Infective Esophagitis
			350 Eosinophilic Esophagitis, Pill Esophagitis, and Infective Esophagitis
				Keywords
				Eosinophilic Esophagitis
				Infective Esophagitis
				Pill Esophagitis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 351 - Esophageal Perforation
			351 Esophageal Perforation
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 352 - Esophageal Varices
			352 Esophageal Varices
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 353 - Ingestions
			353 Ingestions
				Keywords
				353.1 Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus
					Bibliography
				353.2 Caustic Ingestions
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 354 - Normal Development, Structure, and Function of the Stomach and Intestines
			4 Stomach and Intestines
				354 Normal Development, Structure, and Function of the Stomach and Intestines
					Keywords
					Development
					Digestion and Absorption
		Chapter 355 - Pyloric Stenosis and Other Congenital Anomalies of the Stomach
			355 Pyloric Stenosis and Other Congenital Anomalies of the Stomach
				Keywords
				355.1 Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Acknowledgment
					Bibliography
				355.2 Congenital Gastric Outlet Obstruction
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				355.3 Gastric Duplication
					Acknowledgment
					Bibliography
				355.4 Gastric Volvulus
					Acknowledgment
					Bibliography
				355.5 Hypertrophic Gastropathy
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Acknowledgment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 356 - Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, and Malrotation
			356 Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, and Malrotation
				Keywords
				356.1 Duodenal Obstruction
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				356.2 Jejunal and Ileal Atresia and Obstruction
					Clinical Manifestation and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				356.3 Malrotation
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Acknowledgment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 357 - Intestinal Duplications, Meckel Diverticulum, and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct
			357 Intestinal Duplications, Meckel Diverticulum, and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct
				Keywords
				357.1 Intestinal Duplication
					Clinical Manifestations
				357.2 Meckel Diverticulum and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 358 - Motility Disorders and Hirschsprung Disease
			358 Motility Disorders and Hirschsprung Disease
				Keywords
				358.1 Chronic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				358.2 Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy
					Bibliography
				358.3 Encopresis and Functional Constipation
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				358.4 Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)
					Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				358.5 Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia
					Bibliography
				358.6 Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (Wilkie Syndrome, Cast Syndrome, Arteriomesenteric Duodenal Compression Syndrome)
					Acknowledgment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 359 - Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, and Closed-Loop Obstructions
			359 Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, and Closed-Loop Obstructions
				Keywords
				359.1 Ileus
					Bibliography
				359.2 Adhesions
					Acknowledgment
					Bibliography
				359.3 Intussusception
					Etiology and Epidemiology
					Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				359.4 Closed-Loop Obstructions
					Bibliography
		Chapter 360 - Foreign Bodies and Bezoars
			360 Foreign Bodies and Bezoars
				Keywords
				360.1 Foreign Bodies in the Stomach and Intestine
					Bibliography
				360.2 Bezoars
					Bibliography
		Chapter 361 - Peptic Ulcer Disease in Children
			361 Peptic Ulcer Disease in Children
				Keywords
				Pathogenesis
					Acid Secretion
					Mucosal Defense
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Primary Ulcers
					Helicobacter pylori Gastritis
					Idiopathic Ulcers
				Secondary Ulcers
					Aspirin and Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
				“Stress” Ulceration
				Treatment
					Treatment of Helicobacter pylori–Related Peptic Ulcer Disease
					Surgical Therapy
				361.1 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 362 - Inflammatory Bowel Disease
			362 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
				Keywords
				362.1 Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Medical
						Surgical
						Support
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				362.2 Crohn Disease (Regional Enteritis, Regional Ileitis, Granulomatous Colitis)
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Medical
							5-Aminosalicylates
							Antibiotics/Probiotics
							Corticosteroids
							Immunomodulators
							Biologic Therapy
							Enteral Nutritional Therapy
						Surgery
						Support
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				362.3 Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 363 - Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
			363 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 364 - Disorders of Malabsorption
			364 Disorders of Malabsorption
				Keywords
				Clinical Approach
				364.1 Evaluation of Children With Suspected Intestinal Malabsorption
					Keywords
					Investigations for Carbohydrate Malabsorption
					Investigations for Fat Malabsorption
					Investigations for Protein-Losing Enteropathy
					Investigations for Exocrine Pancreatic Function
					Investigations for Intestinal Mucosal Disorders
					Imaging Procedures
					Bibliography
				364.2 Celiac Disease
					Keywords
					Etiology and Epidemiology
					Genetics and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Presentation and Associated Disorders
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					The Spectrum of Gluten-Related Disorders
					Bibliography
				364.3 Other Malabsorptive Syndromes
					Keywords
					Defects of Enterocyte Differentiation and Polarization
					Microvillus Inclusion Disease (Congenital Microvillus Atrophy)
					Tufting Enteropathy (Congenital Tufting Enteropathy)
					Tricho-Hepato-Enteric Syndrome (Syndromic Diarrhea)
					Defects in Enteroendocrine Cells Differentiation
					Enteric Anendocrinosis
					Proprotein Convertase 1/3 Deficiency
					Mitchell-Riley Syndrome
					Aristaless-Related Homeobox Gene Mutations
					Autoimmune Enteropathy
					Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1
						Defects in Lipids Transport and Metabolism
					Abetalipoproteinemia
					Homozygous Hypobetalipoproteinemia
					Chylomicron Retention Disease (Anderson Disease)
					DGAT1 Mutation
					Wolman Disease
					Tangier Disease
					Sitosterolemia
					Bile Acid Malabsorption
					Protein-Losing Enteropathy
					Bibliography
				364.4 Intestinal Infections and Infestations Associated With Malabsorption
					Keywords
					Postinfectious Diarrhea
					Proximal Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
					Environmental Enteropathy (Tropical Sprue)
					Whipple Disease
					Bibliography
				364.5 Immunodeficiency Disorders
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				364.6 Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				364.7 Short Bowel Syndrome
					Keywords
					Treatment
					Complications
					Bibliography
				364.8 Chronic Malnutrition
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				364.9 Enzyme Deficiencies
					Keywords
					Carbohydrate Malabsorption
					Lactase Deficiency
					Fructose Malabsorption
					Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency
					Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption
					Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
					Enterokinase (Enteropeptidase) Deficiency
					Trehalase Deficiency
					Trypsinogen Deficiency
					Bibliography
				364.10 Liver and Biliary Disorders Causing Malabsorption
					Keywords
				364.11 Rare Inborn Defects Causing Malabsorption
					Keywords
					Disorders of Carbohydrate Absorption
					Disorders of Amino Acid and Peptide Absorption
					Disorders of Fat Transport
					Disorders of Vitamin Absorption
					Disorders of Electrolyte and Mineral Absorption
					Bibliography
		Chapter 365 - Intestinal Transplantation in Children With Intestinal Failure
			365 Intestinal Transplantation in Children With Intestinal Failure
				Keywords
				Indications for Intestinal Transplant
					Paucity of Venous Access
					Life-Threatening Infections
					Liver Disease
				Transplantation Operation
					Donor Selection
					Types of Intestinal Grafts
					The Recipient Operation
				Postoperative Management
					Immunosuppression
					Allograft Assessment
					Rejection and Graft-Versus-Host Disease
					Infections
					Outcomes
				Bibliography
		Chapter 366 - Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
			366 Acute Gastroenteritis in Children
				Keywords
				Burden of Childhood Diarrhea
				Pathogens
				Epidemiology in the United States and Other Middle- and High-Income Countries
				Epidemiology in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
					Host Risk Factors
				Pathogenesis of Infectious Diarrhea
				Clinical Manifestation of Diarrhea
				Intestinal and Extraintestinal Complications
				Differential Diagnosis
					Clinical Evaluation of Diarrhea
					Laboratory Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Hydration
					Enteral Feeding and Diet Selection
					Zinc Supplementation
					Additional Therapies
					Antibiotic Therapy
				Prevention
					Promotion of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Vitamin A
					Rotavirus Immunization
					Improved Water and Sanitary Facilities and Promotion of Personal and Domestic Hygiene
				366.1 Traveler’s Diarrhea
					Keywords
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 367 - Chronic Diarrhea
			367 Chronic Diarrhea
				Keywords
				Definition of Epidemiology
				Pathophysiology
				Etiology
					Infectious
					Inflammatory/Immunologic
					Pancreatic Deficiency
					Liver and Bile Acids Disorders
					Carbohydrate Malabsorption
					Protein-Losing Enteropathy
					Motility Disorders
					Short Bowel Syndrome
					Nonspecific Diarrhea, Including Toddler’s Diarrhea
					Congenital Diarrheal Disorders
				Evaluation of Patients
				Investigations
				Treatment
				367.1 Diarrhea From Neuroendocrine Tumors
					KeyWords
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 368 - Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
			368 Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
				Keywords
				Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents
				Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders
					Functional Dyspepsia
					Pediatric IBS
					Abdominal Migraine
					Functional Abdominal Pain Not Otherwise Specified
				Functional Defecation Disorders
					Functional Constipation
					Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence
				Bibliography
		Chapter 369 - Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
			369 Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 370 - Acute Appendicitis
			370 Acute Appendicitis
				Epidemiology
				Pathophysiology
					Clinical Features
					Physical Examination
				Appendicitis Risk Scoring Systems
				Laboratory Findings
				Imaging Studies
					Plain Radiographs
						Ultrasound
					Computed Tomography
					Magnetic Resonance Imaging and White Blood Cell Scans
				Diagnosis and Treatment
				Differential Diagnosis
				Antibiotics
				Surgical Intervention
				Perforated Appendicitis
				Nonoperative Management of Uncomplicated Appendicitis
				Recurrent Appendicitis
				Interval Appendectomy
				Incidental Appendicoliths
				Bibliography
		Chapter 371 - Surgical Conditions of the Anus and Rectum
			371 Surgical Conditions of the Anus and Rectum
				371.1 Anorectal Malformations
					Keywords
					Embryology
					Associated Anomalies
					Manifestations and Diagnosis
						Low Lesions
						High Lesions
						Persistent Cloaca
						Rectal Atresia
					Approach to the Patient
					Operative Repair
					Outcome
					Bibliography
				371.2 Anal Fissure
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				371.3 Perianal Abscess and Fistula
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				371.4 Hemorrhoids
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				371.5 Rectal Mucosal Prolapse
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				371.6 Pilonidal Sinus and Abscess
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 372 - Tumors of the Digestive Tract
			372 Tumors of the Digestive Tract
				Keywords
				Hamartomatous Tumors
					Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
					Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
					Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Hamartoma Tumor Syndromes
				Adenomatous Tumors
					Adenomatous Polyposis Coli-Associated Polyposis Syndromes
					Carcinoma
				Other Gastrointestinal Tumors
					Lymphoma
					Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia
					Carcinoid Tumor
					Leiomyoma
					Gastrointestinal Stromal Cell Tumors
					Vascular Tumors
				Bibliography
		Chapter 373 - Inguinal Hernias
			373 Inguinal Hernias
				Embryology and Pathogenesis
					Incidence
					Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
				Evaluation of Acute Inguinal–Scrotal Swelling
					Incarcerated Hernia
					Ambiguous Genitalia
						Indications for Surgery
						Open Inguinal Hernia Repair
						Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair
						Contralateral Inguinal Exploration
				Direct Inguinal Hernia
				Femoral Hernia
				Complications
					Wound Infection
					Recurrent Hernia
					Iatrogenic Cryptorchidism (Trapped Testicle)
					Incarceration
					Injury to the Vas Deferens and Male Fertility
				Bibliography
		Chapter 374 - Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Pancreas
			5 Exocrine Pancreas
				374 Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Pancreas
					Keywords
					374.1 Pancreatic Anatomic Abnormalities
						Bibliography
					374.2 Pancreatic Physiology
						Bibliography
					Bibliography
		Chapter 375 - Pancreatic Function Tests
			375 Pancreatic Function Tests
				Keywords
				Direct Test
				Bibliography
		Chapter 376 - Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas
			376 Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas
				Keywords
				Disorders Associated With Pancreatic Insufficiency
				Cystic Fibrosis (see Chapter 432)
				Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (see Chapter 157)
				Pearson Syndrome
				Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome
				Isolated Enzyme Deficiencies
				Other Syndromes Associated With Pancreatic Insufficiency
				Bibliography
		Chapter 377 - Treatment of Pancreatic Insufficiency
			377 Treatment of Pancreatic Insufficiency
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 378 - Pancreatitis
			378 Pancreatitis
				378.1 Acute Pancreatitis
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				378.2 Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 379 - Pancreatic Fluid Collections
			379 Pancreatic Fluid Collections
				Keywords
				Treatment of Fluid Collections and Necrosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 380 - Pancreatic Tumors
			380 Pancreatic Tumors
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 381 - Morphogenesis of the Liver and Biliary System
			6 The Liver and Biliary System
				381 Morphogenesis of the Liver and Biliary System
					Keywords
					Hepatic Ultrastructure
					Metabolic Functions of the Liver
						Carbohydrate Metabolism
						Protein Metabolism
						Lipid Metabolism
						Biotransformation
						Hepatic Excretory Function
					Bibliography
		Chapter 382 - Manifestations of Liver Disease
			382 Manifestations of Liver Disease
				Keywords
				Pathologic Manifestations
				Clinical Manifestations
					Hepatomegaly
					Jaundice (Icterus)
					Pruritus
					Spider Angiomas
					Palmar Erythema
					Xanthomas
					Portal Hypertension
					Ascites
					Gastrointestinal Bleeding
					Encephalopathy
					Endocrine Abnormalities
					Renal Dysfunction
					Pulmonary Involvement
					Recurrent Cholangitis
					Miscellaneous Manifestations of Liver Dysfunction
				382.1 Evaluation of Patients With Possible Liver Dysfunction
					Keywords
					Biochemical Tests
					Liver Biopsy
					Hepatic Imaging Procedures
					Diagnostic Approach to Infants With Jaundice
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 383 - Cholestasis
			383 Cholestasis
				Keywords
				383.1 Neonatal Cholestasis
					Mechanisms
					Evaluation
					Intrahepatic Cholestasis
						Neonatal Hepatitis
						Disorders of Transport, Secretion, Conjugation, and Biosynthesis of Bile Acids
					Bile Acid-Coenzyme a Ligase Deficiency
					Disorders of Embryogenesis
					Biliary Atresia
						Differentiation of Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis From Biliary Atresia
						Management of Patients With Suspected Biliary Atresia
					Management of Chronic Cholestasis
					Prognosis
				383.2 Cholestasis in the Older Child
				Bibliography
		Chapter 384 - Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
			384 Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
				384.1 Inherited Deficient Conjugation of Bilirubin (Familial Nonhemolytic Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia)
					Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type I (Glucuronyl Transferase Deficiency)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II (Partial Glucuronyl Transferase Deficiency)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Inherited Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
					Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
						Rotor Syndrome
					Bibliography
				384.2 Wilson Disease
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Pathology
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				384.3 Indian Childhood Cirrhosis
					Bibliography
				384.4 Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease (Neonatal Iron Storage Disease)
					Bibliography
				384.5 Miscellaneous Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
					α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
					Citrin Deficiency
					Bibliography
		Chapter 385 - Viral Hepatitis
			385 Viral Hepatitis
				Issues Common to All Forms of Viral Hepatitis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Pathogenesis
					Common Biochemical Profiles in the Acute Infectious Phase
				Hepatitis A
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
					Prevention
						Immunoglobulin
						Vaccine
					Prognosis
				Hepatitis B
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
						Treatment Strategies
					Prevention
						Universal Vaccination
					Postexposure Prophylaxis
					Special Populations
					Prognosis
				Hepatitis C
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
						Newer Treatments
					Prevention
					Prognosis
				Hepatitis D
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
				Hepatitis E
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prevention
				Approach to Acute or Chronic Hepatitis
				Bibliography
					Hepatitis A
					Hepatitis B
					Hepatitis C
					Hepatitis E
		Chapter 386 - Liver Abscess
			386 Liver Abscess
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 387 - Liver Disease Associated With Systemic Disorders
			387 Liver Disease Associated With Systemic Disorders
				Keywords
				Inflammatory Bowel Disease
				Bacterial Sepsis
				Celiac Disease
				Cardiac Disease
				Cholestasis Associated With Chronic Total Parenteral Nutrition
				Cystic Fibrosis
				Bone Marrow Transplantation
				Hemoglobinopathies
				Histiocytic Disorders
				387.1 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 388 - Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
			388 Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Primary Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
					Neonatal Liver Failure
					Alpers Syndrome (Alpers-Huttenlocher Syndrome or Alpers Hepatopathic Poliodystrophy)
					Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome
					Navajo Neurohepatopathy
					Pearson Syndrome
					Villous Atrophy Syndrome
					GRACILE Syndrome
					Mutations in Nuclear Translation and Elongation Factor Genes
					Secondary Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
				Diagnostic Evaluation
				Treatment of Mitochondrial Hepatopathies
				Bibliography
		Chapter 389 - Autoimmune Hepatitis
			389 Autoimmune Hepatitis
				Keywords
				Autoimmune Hepatitis
					Chronic Liver Disease
				Etiology
					T Lymphocytes
						Autoimmune Regulator Gene
				Pathology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 390 - Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
			390 Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Injury
				Keywords
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 391 - Acute Hepatic Failure
			391 Acute Hepatic Failure
				Keywords
				Etiology
					Infection
					Autoimmune Hepatitis
					Metabolic Diseases
					Neoplasm
					Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease
					Drug-Induced Liver Injury
					Vascular
					Idiopathic Acute Liver Failure
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 392 - Cystic Diseases of the Biliary Tract and Liver
			392 Cystic Diseases of the Biliary Tract and Liver
				Keywords
				Choledochal Cysts
					Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
					Cystic Dilation of the Intrahepatic Bile Ducts (Caroli Disease/Caroli Syndrome)
					Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis
				Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
				Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Liver Disease
				Bibliography
		Chapter 393 - Diseases of the Gallbladder
			393 Diseases of the Gallbladder
				Keywords
				Anomalies
				Acute Hydrops
				Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis
				Biliary Dyskinesia
				Bibliography
		Chapter 394 - Portal Hypertension and Varices
			394 Portal Hypertension and Varices
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Pathophysiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 395 - Liver Transplantation
			395 Liver Transplantation
				Keywords
				Indications
				Technical Innovations
				Immunosuppression
				Complications
				Outcomes
				Bibliography
		Chapter 396 - Peritoneal Malformations
			7 Peritoneum
				396 Peritoneal Malformations
					Keywords
					Acknowledgment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 397 - Ascites
			397 Ascites
				Keywords
				397.1 Chylous Ascites
				Bibliography
		Chapter 398 - Peritonitis
			398 Peritonitis
				Keywords
				398.1 Acute Primary Peritonitis
					Etiology and Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				398.2 Acute Secondary Peritonitis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				398.3 Acute Secondary Localized Peritonitis (Peritoneal Abscess)
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 399 - Epigastric Hernia
			399 Epigastric Hernia
				Clinical Presentation
				399.1 Incisional Hernia
					Bibliography
Volume 3 -  Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics  21th ed  2020   Original PDF.pdf (p.3691-5083)
	cover
	Contents
	18- XVIII The Respiratory System
		Chapter 400 - Diagnostic Approach to Respiratory Disease
			XVIII The Respiratory System
			1 Development and Function
			400 Diagnostic Approach to Respiratory Disease
				Keywords
				History
				Physical Examination
				Blood Gas Analysis
				Transillumination of the Chest
				Radiographic Techniques
					Chest X-Rays
					Upper Airway Film
					Sinus and Nasal Images
					Chest Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
					Fluoroscopy
					Barium Swallow
					Pulmonary Arteriography and Aortograms
					Ventilation-Perfusion Relation and Radionuclide Lung Scans
				Pulmonary Function Testing
				Microbiology: Examination of Lung Secretions
				The Microbiome (see Chapter 196)
					Exercise Testing
					Sleep Studies
				Airway Visualization and Lung Specimen–Based Diagnostic Tests
					Laryngoscopy
					Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage
					Thoracoscopy
					Thoracentesis
					Lung Tap
					Lung Biopsy
					Sweat Testing
				Bibliography
		Chapter 401 - Chronic or Recurrent Respiratory Symptoms
			401 Chronic or Recurrent Respiratory Symptoms
				Keywords
				Judging the Seriousness of Chronic Respiratory Complaints
				Recurrent or Persistent Cough
				Frequently Recurring or Persistent Stridor
				Recurrent or Persistent Wheeze
				Recurrent and Persistent Lung Infiltrates
				401.1 Extrapulmonary Diseases With Pulmonary Manifestations
					Evaluation
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 402 - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
			402 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Environmental Risk Factors
					Nonmodifiable Environmental Risk Factors
					Modifiable Environmental Risk Factors
						Pregnancy-Related Factors
						Cigarette Smoking
						Drug and Alcohol Use
						Infant Sleep Environment
							Side-Sleeping: Significant Risk Factor.
							Soft Sleep Surfaces and Soft or Loose Bedding.
							Overheating.
							Bed Sharing.
						Infant Feeding Care Practices and Exposures
							Breastfeeding is Associated With a Lower Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
							Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Rates Remain Higher Among American Indians, Alaska Natives, and African Americans.
				Genetic Risk Factors
				Gene-Environment Interactions
				Infant Groups at Increased Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
					Subsequent Siblings of an Infant who Died of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
					Prematurity
					Physiologic Studies
				Clinical Strategies
					Home Monitoring
					Reducing the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
				402.1 Sudden Unexpected Postnatal Collapse
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Risk Factors
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Outcome
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 403 - Brief Resolved Unexplained Events and Other Acute Events in Infants
			403 Brief Resolved Unexplained Events and Other Acute Events in Infants
				Keywords
				Background
				Definition
				Epidemiology
				Initial History
					Additional History
					Physical Examination
					Testing
					Management
				Bibliography
		Chapter 404 - Congenital Disorders of the Nose
			2 Disorders of the Respiratory Tract
				404 Congenital Disorders of the Nose
					Keywords
					Normal Newborn Nose
					Physiology
					Congenital Disorders
					Choanal Atresia
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Congenital Defects of the Nasal Septum
					Pyriform Aperture Stenosis
					Congenital Midline Nasal Masses
					Diagnosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 405 - Acquired Disorders of the Nose
			405 Acquired Disorders of the Nose
				Keywords
				405.1 Nasal Foreign Bodies
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				405.2 Epistaxis
					Keywords
					Anatomy
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
		Chapter 406 - Nasal Polyps
			406 Nasal Polyps
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 407 - The Common Cold
			407 The Common Cold
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
					Antiviral Treatment
					Supportive Care and Symptomatic Treatment
						Fever
						Nasal Obstruction
						Rhinorrhea
						Sore Throat
						Cough
					Ineffective Treatments
				Complications
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 408 - Sinusitis
			408 Sinusitis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 409 - Acute Pharyngitis
			409 Acute Pharyngitis
				Keywords
				Infectious Etiologies
					Viruses
					Bacteria Other Than Group A Streptococcus
					Group A Streptococcus
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Chronic Group a Streptococcus Carriers
				Recurrent Pharyngitis
				Complications and Prognosis
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 410 - Retropharyngeal Abscess, Lateral Pharyngeal Abscess, and Peritonsillar Cellulitis-Abscess
			410 Retropharyngeal Abscess, Lateral Pharyngeal (Parapharyngeal) Abscess, and Peritonsillar Cellulitis/Abscess
				Keywords
				Retropharyngeal and Lateral Pharyngeal Abscess
				Peritonsillar Cellulitis and/or Abscess
				Bibliography
		Chapter 411 - Tonsils and Adenoids
			411 Tonsils and Adenoids
				Keywords
				Anatomy
				Normal Function
				Pathology
					Acute Infection
					Chronic Infection
					Airway Obstruction
					Tonsillar Neoplasm
				Clinical Manifestations
					Acute Infection
					Chronic Infection
					Airway Obstruction
					Tonsillar Neoplasm
				Treatment
					Medical Management
					Tonsillectomy
					Adenoidectomy
					Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
				Complications
					Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis and Acute Rheumatic Fever
					Peritonsillar Infection
					Retropharyngeal Space Infection
					Parapharyngeal Space Infection
					Recurrent or Chronic Pharyngotonsillitis
				Chronic Airway Obstruction
					Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
				Bibliography
		Chapter 412 - Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction (Croup, Epiglottitis, Laryngitis, and Bacterial Tracheitis)
			412 Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction (Croup, Epiglottitis, Laryngitis, and Bacterial Tracheitis)
				Keywords
				412.1 Infectious Upper Airway Obstruction
					Etiology and Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
						Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
						Acute Epiglottitis (Supraglottitis)
						Acute Infectious Laryngitis
						Spasmodic Croup
					Differential Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
						Endotracheal/Nasotracheal Intubation and Tracheotomy
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
						Laryngotracheobronchitis
						Epiglottitis
				412.2 Bacterial Tracheitis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
		Chapter 413 - Congenital Anomalies of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
			413 Congenital Anomalies of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
				Keywords
				413.1 Laryngomalacia
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				413.2 Congenital Subglottic Stenosis
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Bibliography
				413.3 Vocal Cord Paralysis
					Keywords
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				413.4 Congenital Laryngeal Webs and Atresia
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				413.5 Congenital Subglottic Hemangioma
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				413.6 Laryngoceles and Saccular Cysts
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				413.7 Posterior Laryngeal Cleft and Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft
					Bibliography
				413.8 Vascular and Cardiac Anomalies
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				413.9 Tracheal Stenoses, Webs, and Atresia
					Bibliography
				413.10 Foregut Cysts
					Bibliography
				413.11 Tracheomalacia and Bronchomalacia
				Bibliography
		Chapter 414 - Foreign Bodies in the Airway
			414 Foreign Bodies in the Airway
				Keywords
				Epidemiology and Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				414.1 Laryngeal Foreign Bodies
				414.2 Tracheal Foreign Bodies
				414.3 Bronchial Foreign Bodies
				Bibliography
		Chapter 415 - Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Subglottic Stenosis
			415 Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Subglottic Stenosis
				Keywords
				415.1 Congenital Subglottic Stenosis
					Keywords
				415.2 Acquired Laryngotracheal Stenosis
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 416 - Bronchomalacia and Tracheomalacia
			416 Bronchomalacia and Tracheomalacia
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 417 - Neoplasms of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
			417 Neoplasms of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi
				417.1 Vocal Nodules
					Keywords
				417.2 Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				417.3 Congenital Subglottic Hemangioma
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				417.4 Vascular Anomalies
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				417.5 Other Laryngeal Neoplasms
					Keywords
				417.6 Tracheal Neoplasms
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				417.7 Bronchial Tumors
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 418 - Wheezing, Bronchiolitis, and Bronchitis
			418 Wheezing, Bronchiolitis, and Bronchitis
				418.1 Wheezing in Infants: Bronchiolitis
					Keywords
					General Pathophysiology of Wheezing in Infants
						Acute Bronchiolitis
					Clinical Manifestations
						History and Physical Examination
						Diagnostic Evaluation
						Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				418.2 Bronchitis
					Keywords
					Acute Bronchitis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Chronic Bronchitis
					Cigarette Smoking and Air Pollution
					Bibliography
		Chapter 419 - Plastic Bronchitis
			419 Plastic Bronchitis
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications and Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 420 - Emphysema and Overinflation
			420 Emphysema and Overinflation
				Keywords
				Localized Obstructive Overinflation
					Unilateral Hyperlucent Lung
					Swyer-James or Macleod Syndrome
					Congenital Lobar Emphysema (Congenital Large Hyperlucent Lobe)
					Pulmonary Vascular Abnormalities
				Generalized Obstructive Overinflation
					Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Bullous Emphysema
						Subcutaneous Emphysema
				Bibliography
		Chapter 421 - α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema
			421 α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema
				Keywords
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Supportive Therapy
				Bibliography
		Chapter 422 - Other Distal Airway Diseases
			422 Other Distal Airway Diseases
				422.1 Bronchiolitis Obliterans
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				422.2 Follicular Bronchitis
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				422.3 Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis
					Keyword
					Epidemiology and Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
		Chapter 423 - Congenital Disorders of the Lung
			423 Congenital Disorders of the Lung
				Keywords
				423.1 Pulmonary Agenesis and Aplasia
					Etiology and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations and Prognosis
					Diagnosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				423.2 Pulmonary Hypoplasia
					Etiology and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				423.3 Congenital Cystic Malformation (Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation)
					Pathology
					Etiology
					Diagnosis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				423.4 Pulmonary Sequestration
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				423.5 Bronchogenic Cysts
					Etiology and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
					Bibliography
				423.6 Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia
					Etiology and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
					Bibliography
				423.7 Lung Hernia
					Etiology and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
					Bibliography
				423.8 Other Congenital Malformations of the Lung
					Congenital Lobar Emphysema and Pulmonary Cysts
					Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation
					Bronchobiliary Fistula
					Bibliography
		Chapter 424 - Pulmonary Edema
			424 Pulmonary Edema
				Keywords
				Pathophysiology
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 425 - Aspiration Syndromes
			425 Aspiration Syndromes
				Keywords
				Aspiration Syndromes
				Gastric Contents
					Treatment
					Prevention
				Hydrocarbon Aspiration
					Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 426 - Chronic Recurrent Aspiration
			426 Chronic Recurrent Aspiration
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 427 - Immune and Inflammatory Lung Disease
			427 Immune and Inflammatory Lung Disease
				427.1 Hypersensitivity Pneumonia
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations and Classification
					Laboratory
						Radiology
						Bronchoalveolar Lavage
						Lung Biopsy
						Antigen Challenge by Inhalation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				427.2 Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease
					Keywords
					Classification and Pathogenesis
						Occupational and Environmental Asthma
						Reactive Airways Disease Syndrome and Irritant-Induced Asthma
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				427.3 Granulomatous Lung Disease
					Keywords
					Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
						Etiology and Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory and Pathology
						Radiology
						Treatment
					Sarcoidosis
						Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnostic Laboratory Testing
						Histopathology
						Radiology
						Treatment
					Berylliosis
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Testing
						Radiography
						Treatment
					Granulomatous Lung Disease in Primary Immune Deficiency
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations of Granulomatous Lung Disease in Primary Immune Deficiency
						Radiography
						Laboratory and Pulmonary Function Testing
						Therapy
					Bibliography
				427.4 Eosinophilic Lung Disease
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
						Chest Imaging
					Löffler Syndrome
					Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia
					Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
					Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (the Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
					Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
						Radiography
						Treatment
					Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
					Bibliography
				427.5 Interstitial Lung Disease
					Keywords
					Classification and Pathology
						Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy
						Disorders of Surfactant Metabolism
						Interstitial Lung Disease Due to Systemic Disease
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Radiography
						Pulmonary Function Tests
						Bronchoalveolar Lavage
						Lung Biopsy
					Treatment
						Genetic Counseling
					Prognosis
					Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease (Anti-GBM Disease)
						Pathophysiology
							Immunology Factors
							Genetic Factors
							Environmental Factors
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory
						Chest Radiography
						Pulmonary Function Testing
						Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage
						Lung Biopsy
						Treatment
					Bibliography
				427.6 Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy
					Keywords
					Background/Summary
					Epidemiology
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Presentation
					Diagnosis
					Natural Course and Treatment
					Bibliography
				427.7 Fibrotic Lung Disease
					Keywords
					Clinical Presentation
					Evaluation
					Treatment
					Outcomes
					Bibliography
		Chapter 428 - Community-Acquired Pneumonia
			428 Community-Acquired Pneumonia
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Etiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Complications
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 429 - Pleurisy, Pleural Effusions, and Empyema
			429 Pleurisy, Pleural Effusions, and Empyema
				Keyword
				429.1 Dry Pleurisy
					Etiology
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				429.2 Serofibrinous or Serosanguineous Pleurisy With Pleural Effusion
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				429.3 Empyema
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Complications
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 430 - Bronchiectasis
			430 Bronchiectasis
				Keywords
				Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 431 - Pulmonary Abscess
			431 Pulmonary Abscess
				Keywords
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 432 - Cystic Fibrosis
			432 Cystic Fibrosis
				Genetics
				Pathogenesis
				Pathology
				Clinical Manifestations
					Respiratory Tract
					Intestinal Tract
					Biliary Tract
					Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes and Pancreatitis
					Genitourinary Tract
					Sweat Glands
				Diagnosis and Assessment
					Sweat Testing
					DNA Testing
					Other Diagnostic Tests
					Pancreatic Function
					Radiology
					Pulmonary Function
					Microbiologic Studies
					Newborn Screening
				Treatment
					General Approach to Care
					Pulmonary Therapy
						Inhalation Therapy
						Airway Clearance Therapy
						Antibiotic Therapy
						Oral Antibiotic Therapy
						Aerosolized Antibiotic Therapy
						Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy
					Bronchodilator Therapy
					Antiinflammatory Agents
						Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulator Therapies
					Other Therapies
				Treatment of Pulmonary Complications
					Atelectasis
					Hemoptysis
					Pneumothorax
					Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
					Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection
					Bone and Joint Complications
					Sleep-Disordered Breathing
					Acute Respiratory Failure
					Chronic Respiratory Failure
					Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
					Nutritional Therapy
						Diet
					Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement
					Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
				Treatment of Intestinal Complications
					Meconium Ileus
					Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome and Other Causes of Abdominal Symptoms
					Rectal Prolapse
					Hepatobiliary Disease
					Pancreatitis
					Cystic Fibrosis-Related Hyperglycemia and Diabetes
				Other Complications
					Nasal Polyps
					Rhinosinusitis
					Salt Depletion
					Surgery
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 433 - Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile Cilia Syndrome, Kartagener Syndrome)
			433 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile Cilia Syndrome, Kartagener Syndrome)
				Keywords
				Normal Ciliary Ultrastructure and Function
				Genetics of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
				Clinical Manifestations of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
				Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 434 - Diffuse Lung Diseases in Childhood
			434 Diffuse Lung Diseases in Childhood
				Keywords
				434.1 Inherited Disorders of Surfactant Metabolism
					Pathology
					Deficiency of Surfactant Protein B (Surfactant Metabolism Dysfunction, Pulmonary, 1; Smdp1; Omim #265120)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Genetics
						Diagnosis
					Surfactant Protein C Gene Abnormalities (Surfactant Metabolism Dysfunction, Pulmonary, 2; Smdp2; Omim #610913)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Genetics
						Diagnosis
					Disease Caused by Mutations in ABCA3 (Surfactant Metabolism Dysfunction, Pulmonary, 3; Smdp3; Omim #610921)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Genetics
						Diagnosis
					Disease Caused by Mutations in NKX2-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 1, Choreoathetosis, Hypothyroidism, and Neonatal Respiratory Distress, Omim #600635)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Genetics
						Diagnosis
					Treatment of Surfactant Dysfunction Disorders
					Bibliography
				434.2 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
					Etiology and Pathophysiology
						Primary Alveolar Proteinosis
						Secondary Alveolar Proteinosis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 435 - Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
			435 Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Pathophysiology
					Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Associated With Pulmonary Capillaritis
					Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Not Associated With Pulmonary Capillaritis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 436 - Pulmonary Embolism, Infarction, and Hemorrhage
			436 Pulmonary Embolism, Infarction, and Hemorrhage
				436.1 Pulmonary Embolus and Infarction
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				436.2 Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Hemoptysis
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 437 - Atelectasis
			437 Atelectasis
				Keywords
				Pathophysiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 438 - Pulmonary Tumors
			438 Pulmonary Tumors
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations and Evaluation
				Bibliography
		Chapter 439 - Pneumothorax
			439 Pneumothorax
				Keywords
				Etiology and Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 440 - Pneumomediastinum
			440 Pneumomediastinum
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Complications
				Bibliography
		Chapter 441 - Hydrothorax
			441 Hydrothorax
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 442 - Hemothorax
			442 Hemothorax
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 443 - Chylothorax
			443 Chylothorax
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Complications
				Bibliography
		Chapter 444 - Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
			444 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
				Keywords
				Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
				Clinical Manifestations
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 445 - Skeletal Diseases Influencing Pulmonary Function
			445 Skeletal Diseases Influencing Pulmonary Function
				445.1 Pectus Excavatum (Funnel Chest)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				445.2 Pectus Carinatum and Sternal Clefts
					Keywords
					Pectus Carinatum
						Etiology and Epidemiology
						Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Sternal Clefts
					Bibliography
				445.3 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy (Thoracic-Pelvic-Phalangeal Dystrophy)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				445.4 Achondroplasia
					Keyword
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				445.5 Kyphoscoliosis: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Congenital Scoliosis
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				445.6 Congenital Rib Anomalies
					Keyword
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 446 - Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency
			446 Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency
				446.1 Chronic Respiratory Failure and Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation
					Epidemiology
					Modalities for Respiratory Support
						Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
						Optimal Ventilator Support
					Other Management Considerations
						Airway Clearance
						Inhalation Medications
						Mucolytics and Anticholinergics
						Monitoring
						Supplemental Oxygen
						Nutrition
						Physical, Occupational, Speech Therapy
					Preparing for Discharge
					Care by the General Pediatrician
						Infections
					Care by the Subspecialty Team
					Weaning Off the Ventilator
					Psychosocial Considerations
					Adult Transition
					Bibliography
				446.2 Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
					Keywords
					Genetics
						Ventilator Dependence and Control of Breathing
						Hirschsprung Disease (Chapter 358)
						Tumors of Neural Crest Origin (Chapter 525)
						Cardiac Asystole
						Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation
						Neuropathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Management
						Supported Ventilation—Diaphragm Pacing
						Monitoring in the Home
							Noninvasive Equipment
							Positive Pressure Ventilators
						Optimizing Neurocognitive Performance
					Bibliography
				446.3 Other Conditions Affecting Respiration
					Myelomeningocele With Arnold-Chiari Type II Malformation
					Management
					Rapid-Onset Obesity, Hypothalamic Dysfunction, and Autonomic Dysregulation
					Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
					Management
					Acquired Alveolar Hypoventilation
					Obstructive Sleep Apnea
						Epidemiology
						Pathophysiology
						Clinical Presentation
						Treatment
					Spinal Cord Injury
						Epidemiology
						Pathophysiology
						Management
					Metabolic Disease
						Mucopolysaccharidoses
						Dysplasias
						Glycogenosis Type II
						Severe Tracheomalacia and/or Bronchomalacia (Airway Malacia)
						Neuropathy of Severe Illness
						Mitochondrial Diseases
				446.4 Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation
					Keywords
					Goals and Decision-Making
					Noninvasive and Transtracheal Supports
					Augmented Secretion Clearance
					Aerodigestive and Communication Considerations
					Gas-Exchange Goals and Ventilator Strategies
					Cardiopulmonary Interactions
					Chest Wall/Thoracic Configuration
					Nutrition and Weight Gain
					Developmental Considerations
					Projected Interventions and Needs
					Monitoring
					Transitioning From Acute Care to Rehabilitation or Community Setting
					Routine Health Maintenance
						Airway Evaluation
						Bacterial Colonization
						Dental Care
						Immunizations
						Radiography, Laboratory Evaluation, Polysomnography, and Pulmonary Function Testing
					Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation Weaning and Tracheal Decannulation
					Bibliography
	19- XIX The Cardiovascular System
		Chapter 447 - Cardiac Development
			XIX The Cardiovascular System
			1 Developmental Biology of the Cardiovascular System
			447 Cardiac Development
				Keywords
				447.1 Early Cardiac Morphogenesis
				447.2 Cardiac Looping
				447.3 Cardiac Septation
				447.4 Aortic Arch Development
				447.5 Cardiac Differentiation
				447.6 Developmental Changes in Cardiac Function
				Bibliography
		Chapter 448 - The Fetal to Neonatal Circulatory Transition
			448 The Fetal to Neonatal Circulatory Transition
				448.1 The Fetal Circulation
					Keywords
				448.2 The Transitional Circulation
				448.3 The Neonatal Circulation
				448.4 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Neonate (Persistence of Fetal Circulatory Pathways)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 449 - History and Physical Examination in Cardiac Evaluation
			2 Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System and the Child With a Heart Murmur
				449 History and Physical Examination in Cardiac Evaluation
					Keywords
					History
					General Physical Examination
					Cardiac Examination
					Bibliography
		Chapter 450 - Laboratory Cardiac Evaluation
			450 Laboratory Cardiac Evaluation
				450.1 Radiologic Cardiac Assessment
					Keywords
				450.2 Electrocardiography
					Developmental Changes
					Rate and Rhythm
					P Waves
					QRS Complex
						Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
						Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
						Bundle Branch Block
					P-R and Q-T Intervals
					ST Segment and T-Wave Abnormalities
					Bibliography
				450.3 Hematologic Data
				450.4 Echocardiography
					M-Mode Echocardiography
					Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
					Doppler Echocardiography
					Three-Dimensional Echocardiography
					Transesophageal Echocardiography
					Fetal Echocardiography
					Bibliography
				450.5 Exercise Testing
					Bibliography
				450.6 Cardiac Imaging Studies
					Bibliography
				450.7 Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization
					Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization
					Thermodilution Measurement of Cardiac Output
					Angiocardiography
					Interventional Cardiac Catheterization
					Bibliography
		Chapter 451 - Epidemiology and Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Disease
			3 Congenital Heart Disease
				451 Epidemiology and Genetic Basis of Congenital Heart Disease
					Keywords
					Prevalence
					Etiology
					Next-Generation Genome Sequencing and Congenital Heart Disease
					Genetic Counseling
					Bibliography
		Chapter 452 - Evaluation and Screening of the Infant or Child With Congenital Heart Disease
			452 Evaluation and Screening of the Infant or Child With Congenital Heart Disease
				Keywords
				Acyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions
					Lesions Resulting in Increased Volume Load
					Lesions Resulting in Increased Pressure Load
				Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions
					Cyanotic Lesions With Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
					Cyanotic Lesions With Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
				Bibliography
		Chapter 453 - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease-Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions
			453 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
				Keywords
				453.1 Atrial Septal Defect
					Bibliography
				453.2 Ostium Secundum Defect
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
					Prognosis
				453.3 Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
				453.4 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
				453.5 Atrioventricular Septal Defects (Ostium Primum and Atrioventricular Canal or Endocardial Cushion Defects)
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				453.6 Ventricular Septal Defect
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				453.7 Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect With Aortic Insufficiency
				453.8 Patent Ductus Arteriosus
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Complications
					Treatment
					Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Low-Birthweight Infants
					Bibliography
				453.9 Aortopulmonary Window Defect
				453.10 Coronary Artery Fistula
				453.11 Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm
		Chapter 454 - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease-Obstructive Lesions
			454 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
				Keywords
				454.1 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis With Intact Ventricular Septum
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Prognosis and Complications
					Bibliography
				454.2 Infundibular Pulmonary Stenosis and Double-Chamber Right Ventricle
				454.3 Pulmonary Stenosis in Combination With an Intracardiac Shunt
				454.4 Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis
				454.5 Aortic Stenosis
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				454.6 Coarctation of the Aorta
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Postcoarctectomy Syndrome
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				454.7 Coarctation With Ventricular Septal Defect
				454.8 Coarctation With Other Cardiac Anomalies and Interrupted Aortic Arch
				454.9 Congenital Mitral Stenosis
					Bibliography
				454.10 Pulmonary Venous Hypertension
		Chapter 455 - Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease-Regurgitant Lesions
			455 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
				455.1 Pulmonary Valvular Insufficiency and Congenital Absence of the Pulmonary Valve
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				455.2 Congenital Mitral Insufficiency
				455.3 Mitral Valve Prolapse
					Bibliography
				455.4 Tricuspid Regurgitation
					Bibliography
		Chapter 456 - Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease-Evaluation of the Critically Ill Neonate With Cyanosis and Respiratory Distress
			456 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
				Keywords
				Cardiac Disease Leading to Cyanosis
				Differential Diagnosis
		Chapter 457 - Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease-Lesions Associated With Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
			457 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
				Keywords
				457.1 Tetralogy of Fallot
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Complications
					Associated Anomalies
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				457.2 Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				457.3 Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				457.4 Tricuspid Atresia
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				457.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
				457.6 Transposition of the Great Arteries With Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis
				457.7 Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Complications
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 458 - Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease-Lesions Associated With Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
			458 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
				Keywords
				458.1 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries
				458.2 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries With Intact Ventricular Septum
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				458.3 Transposition of the Great Arteries With Ventricular Septal Defect
				458.4 L-Transposition of the Great Arteries (Corrected Transposition)
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Bibliography
				458.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Without Pulmonary Stenosis
				458.6 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle With Malposition of the Great Arteries (Taussig-Bing Anomaly)
				458.7 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				458.8 Truncus Arteriosus
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Complications
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				458.9 Single Ventricle (Double-Inlet Ventricle, Univentricular Heart)
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Complications
					Treatment
				458.10 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Complications
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				458.11 Abnormal Positions of the Heart and the Heterotaxy Syndromes (Asplenia, Polysplenia)
					Bibliography
		Chapter 459 - Other Congenital Heart and Vascular Malformations
			459 Other Congenital Heart and Vascular Malformations
				Keywords
				459.1 Anomalies of the Aortic Arch
					Right Aortic Arch
					Vascular Rings
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Bibliography
				459.2 Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Arteries
					Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery From Pulmonary Artery
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment and Prognosis
					Anomalous Origin of Right Coronary Artery From Pulmonary Artery
					Ectopic Origin of a Coronary Artery From the Aorta With Aberrant Proximal Course
					Bibliography
				459.3 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula
					Bibliography
				459.4 Ectopia Cordis
				459.5 Diverticulum of the Left Ventricle
		Chapter 460 - Pulmonary Hypertension
			460 Pulmonary Hypertension
				Keywords
				460.1 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Treatment
				460.2 Pulmonary Vascular Disease (Eisenmenger Syndrome)
					Pathophysiology
					Pathology and Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 461 - General Principles of Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease
			461 General Principles of Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease
				Keywords
				Postoperative Management
				Interstage Management
				Long-Term Management
				461.1 Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
					Keywords
					Long-Term Medical Considerations
					Specific Lesions
						Left-to-Right Shunts
						Atrial Septal Defects
							Late Outcome Following Closure of Atrial Septal Defect
						Ventricular Septal Defects
						Complete Atrioventricular Canal
						Patent Ductus Arteriosus
						Cyanotic Heart Disease
						Tetralogy of Fallot
						Transposition of the Great Arteries
						Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
						Left-Sided Obstructive Lesions
							Coarctation of the Aorta
						Aortic Valve Stenosis
						Endocarditis Prophylaxis
					Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease
					Contraception
					Adolescent Transition
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 462 - Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm of the Heart
			4 Cardiac Arrhythmias
				462 Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm of the Heart
					Keywords
					462.1 Principles of Antiarrhythmic Therapy
					462.2 Sinus Arrhythmias and Extrasystoles
					462.3 Supraventricular Tachycardia
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					462.4 Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
					462.5 Long QT Syndromes
					462.6 Sinus Node Dysfunction
					462.7 Atrioventricular Block
					Bibliography
		Chapter 463 - Sudden Death
			463 Sudden Death
				Keywords
				Mechanism of Sudden Death
				Congenital Heart Disease
				Cardiomyopathy
				Cardiac Arrhythmia
				Miscellaneous Causes
				Evaluation and Therapy for Resuscitated Patients
				Medication for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
				Prevention of Sudden Death
				Bibliography
		Chapter 464 - Infective Endocarditis
			5 Acquired Heart Disease
				464 Infective Endocarditis
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Complications
					Treatment
					Prevention
					Bibliography
		Chapter 465 - Rheumatic Heart Disease
			465 Rheumatic Heart Disease
				Keywords
				Patterns of Valvular Disease
					Mitral Insufficiency
						Pathophysiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Complications
						Treatment
					Mitral Stenosis
						Pathophysiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Aortic Insufficiency
						Clinical Manifestations
						Prognosis and Treatment
					Tricuspid Valve Disease
					Pulmonary Valve Disease
				Bibliography
		Chapter 466 - Diseases of the Myocardium
			6 Diseases of the Myocardium and Pericardium
				466 Diseases of the Myocardium
					466.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy
						Keywords
						Etiology and Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Prognosis and Management
						Bibliography
					466.2 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
						Keywords
						Etiology and Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Prognosis and Management
						Bibliography
					466.3 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
						Keywords
						Etiology and Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Prognosis and Management
						Bibliography
					466.4 Left Ventricular Noncompaction, Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, Endocardial Fibroelastosis, and Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
						Keywords
						Bibliography
					466.5 Myocarditis
						Keywords
						Etiology and Epidemiology
							Viral Infections
							Bacterial Infections
						Pathophysiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prognosis
						Bibliography
		Chapter 467 - Diseases of the Pericardium
			467 Diseases of the Pericardium
				467.1 Acute Pericarditis
					Keywords
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
						Infectious Pericarditis
						Noninfectious Pericarditis
				467.2 Constrictive Pericarditis
					Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 468 - Tumors of the Heart
			468 Tumors of the Heart
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 469 - Heart Failure
			7 Cardiac Therapeutics
				469 Heart Failure
					Keywords
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
						General Measures
						Diet
						Diuretics
						Afterload Reducers, Including Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
						Digitalis Glycosides
						Alpha- and β-Adrenergic Agonists
						Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
						Chronic Treatment With β-Blockers
						New Therapies
					Electrophysiologic Approaches to Heart Failure Management
					469.1 Cardiogenic Shock
						Mechanical Circulatory Support
					Bibliography
		Chapter 470 - Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Transplantation
			470 Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Transplantation
				Keywords
				470.1 Pediatric Heart Transplantation
					Indications
					Recipient and Donor Selection
					Perioperative Management
					Diagnosis and Management of Acute Graft Rejection
					Complications of Immunosuppression
						Infection
						Growth Retardation
						Hypertension
						Renal Function
						Neurologic Complications
						Tumors
						Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
						Other Complications
						Rehabilitation
					Bibliography
				470.2 Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation
					Bibliography
		Chapter 471 - Diseases of the Blood Vessels (Aneurysms and Fistulas)
			8 Diseases of the Peripheral Vascular System
				471 Diseases of the Blood Vessels (Aneurysms and Fistulas)
					471.1 Kawasaki Disease
						Keywords
					471.2 Arteriovenous Fistulas
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					471.3 Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy/Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification
						Arterial Calcifications Caused by Deficiency of CD73
					471.4 Arterial Tortuosity
					Bibliography
		Chapter 472 - Systemic Hypertension
			472 Systemic Hypertension
				Keywords
				Prevalence of Hypertension in Children
				Definition of Hypertension
				Blood Pressure Measurement in Children
					Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
				Etiology and Pathophysiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Prevention
				Treatment
				Bibliography
	20- XX Diseases of the Blood
		Chapter 473 - Development of the Hematopoietic System
			XX Diseases of the Blood
			1 The Hematopoietic System
			473 Development of the Hematopoietic System
				Keywords
				Hematopoiesis in the Human Embryo and Fetus
				Fetal Granulocytopoiesis
				Fetal Thrombopoiesis
				Fetal Erythropoiesis
					Hemoglobins in the Fetus and Neonate
					Embryonic Hemoglobins
					Fetal Hemoglobin
					Adult Hemoglobins
					Alterations of the Hemoglobins by Disease
				Red Cell Life Span in the Fetus and Neonate
				Bibliography
		Chapter 474 - The Anemias
			474 The Anemias
				Keywords
				History and Physical Examination
				Laboratory Studies
				Differential Diagnosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 475 - Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia (Diamond-Blackfan Anemia)
			2 Anemias of Inadequate Production
				475 Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia (Diamond-Blackfan Anemia)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
		Chapter 476 - Pearson Syndrome
			476 Pearson Syndrome
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 477 - Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell Anemia
			477 Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell Anemia
				Keywords
				Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood
				Red Cell Aplasia Associated With Parvovirus B19 Infection
				Other Red Cell Aplasias in Children
				Bibliography
		Chapter 478 - Anemia of Chronic Disease and Renal Disease
			478 Anemia of Chronic Disease and Renal Disease
				Keywords
				478.1 Anemia of Chronic Disease
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				478.2 Anemia of Renal Disease
					Etiology
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 479 - Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias
			479 Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias
				Keywords
				Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type I
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
				Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type II
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
				Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type III
				Bibliography
		Chapter 480 - Physiologic Anemia of Infancy
			480 Physiologic Anemia of Infancy
				Keywords
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 481 - Megaloblastic Anemias
			481 Megaloblastic Anemias
				Keywords
				481.1 Folic Acid Deficiency
					Etiology
						Inadequate Folate Intake
						Decreased Folate Absorption
						Congenital Abnormalities in Folate Transport and Metabolism
						Drug-Induced Abnormalities in Folate Metabolism
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				481.2 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
					Keywords
					Metabolism
					Etiology
						Inadequate Vitamin B12 Intake
						Impaired Vitamin B12 Absorption
						Absence of Vitamin B12 Transport Protein Transcobalamin
						Inborn Errors of Cobalamin Metabolism
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				481.3 Other Rare Megaloblastic Anemias
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 482 - Iron-Deficiency Anemia
			482 Iron-Deficiency Anemia
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
				Prevention
				Treatment
				482.1 Iron-Refractory Iron-Deficiency Anemia
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 483 - Other Microcytic Anemias
			483 Other Microcytic Anemias
				Keywords
				Infantile Poikilocytosis and Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis
				Copper Deficiency
				Defects of Iron Metabolism
				Bibliography
		Chapter 484 - Definitions and Classification of Hemolytic Anemias
			3 Hemolytic Anemias
				484 Definitions and Classification of Hemolytic Anemias
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 485 - Hereditary Spherocytosis
			485 Hereditary Spherocytosis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
					General Supportive Care
					Guidelines for Splenectomy
				Bibliography
		Chapter 486 - Hereditary Elliptocytosis, Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis, and Related Disorders
			486 Hereditary Elliptocytosis, Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis, and Related Disorders
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 487 - Hereditary Stomatocytosis
			487 Hereditary Stomatocytosis
				Keywords
				Hereditary Xerocytosis
				Hereditary Hydrocytosis
				Intermediate Syndromes and Other Variants
					Cryohydrocytosis
					Rh Deficiency Syndrome
					Familial Deficiency of High-Density Lipoproteins
					Sitosterolemia
				Other Disorders Associated With Stomatocytosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 488 - Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Acanthocytosis
			488 Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Acanthocytosis
				Keywords
				Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
				Acanthocytosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 489 - Hemoglobinopathies
			489 Hemoglobinopathies
				Keywords
				Hemoglobin Disorders
				489.1 Sickle Cell Disease
					Pathophysiology
					Diagnosis and Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia (HbSS)
						Fever and Bacteremia
						Aplastic Crisis
						Splenic Sequestration
						Hepatic and Gallbladder Involvement
						Sickle Cell Pain
						Avascular Necrosis
						Priapism
						Neurologic Complications
						Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography
						Pulmonary Complications
						Renal Disease and Enuresis
						Cognitive and Psychological Complications
						Other Complications
					Therapeutic Considerations
						Hydroxyurea
						Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
						Red Blood Cell Transfusions
						Iron Overload
					Other Sickle Cell Syndromes
					Anticipatory Guidance
						Prophylactic Penicillin
						Immunizations
						Spleen Palpation
						Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
						Hydroxyurea
						Red Cell Transfusion Therapy
						Pulmonary and Asthma Screening
						Retinopathy
						Renal Disease
						Echocardiography
						Additional Screening
					Bibliography
				489.2 Sickle Cell Trait (Hemoglobin AS)
					Bibliography
				489.3 Other Hemoglobinopathies
					Hemoglobin C
					Hemoglobin E
					Hemoglobin D
				489.4 Unstable Hemoglobin Disorders
				489.5 Abnormal Hemoglobins With Increased Oxygen Affinity
				489.6 Abnormal Hemoglobins Causing Cyanosis
				489.7 Hereditary Methemoglobinemia
				489.8 Hereditary Methemoglobinemia With Deficiency of NADH Cytochrome b5 Reductase
				489.9 Syndromes of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin
				489.10 Thalassemia Syndromes
					Epidemiology
					Pathophysiology
					Homozygous β-Thalassemia (Thalassemia Major, Cooley Anemia)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Management and Treatment of Thalassemia
							Transfusion Therapy
								Guidelines for Transfusion Therapy.
							Iron Overload Monitoring
							Chelation Therapy
							Hydroxyurea
							Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
							Splenectomy
						Preventive Monitoring of Thalassemia Patients
							Cardiac Disease
							Endocrine Disease
							Psychosocial Support
					Other β-Thalassemia Syndromes
						Non–Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia: β-Thalassemia Intermedia
					α-Thalassemia Syndromes
					Bibliography
		Chapter 490 - Enzymatic Defects
			490 Enzymatic Defects
				490.1 Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
				490.2 Other Glycolytic Enzyme Deficiencies
					Keywords
					Deficiencies of Enzymes of Hexose Monophosphate Pathway
				490.3 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Related Deficiencies
					Keywords
					Episodic or Induced Acute Hemolytic Anemia
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Diagnosis
						Prevention and Treatment
					Chronic Hemolytic Anemias Associated With Deficiency of G6PD or Related Factors
					Bibliography
		Chapter 491 - Hemolytic Anemias Resulting from Extracellular Factors—Immune Hemolytic Anemias
			491 Hemolytic Anemias Resulting from Extracellular Factors—Immune Hemolytic Anemias
				Keywords
				Immune Hemolytic Anemias
				Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias Associated With “Warm” Antibodies
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Course and Prognosis
				Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias Associated With “Cold” Antibodies
					Cold Agglutinin Disease
					Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
				Bibliography
		Chapter 492 - Hemolytic Anemias Secondary to Other Extracellular Factors
			492 Hemolytic Anemias Secondary to Other Extracellular Factors
				Keywords
				Fragmentation Hemolysis
				Thermal Injury
				Renal Disease
				Liver Disease
				Toxins and Venoms
				Wilson Disease
				Bibliography
		Chapter 493 - Polycythemia
			4 Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis)
				493 Polycythemia
					Keywords
					Clonal (Primary) Polycythemia (Polycythemia Vera)
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 494 - Nonclonal Polycythemia
			494 Nonclonal Polycythemia
				Keywords
				Pathogenesis
					Congenital Polycythemia
					Acquired Polycythemia
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 495 - Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes With Pancytopenia
			5 The Pancytopenias
				495 Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes With Pancytopenia
					Keywords
					Fanconi Anemia
						Etiology and Epidemiology
						Pathology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Complications
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prognosis
					Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
						Etiology and Epidemiology
						Pathology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Diagnosis
						Complications
						Treatment
						Prognosis
					Dyskeratosis Congenita
						Etiology and Epidemiology
						Pathology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Diagnosis
						Complications
						Treatment
						Prognosis
					Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
						Etiology and Epidemiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Diagnosis
						Complications
						Therapy and Prognosis
					Other Inherited Aplastic Anemias
						Reticular Dysgenesis
						Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia
					Other Inherited Syndromes With Occasional Significant Bone Marrow Failure
						Down Syndrome
						Dubowitz Syndrome
						Seckel Syndrome
						Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia
						Noonan Syndrome
					Unclassified Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
					Bibliography
		Chapter 496 - The Acquired Pancytopenias
			496 The Acquired Pancytopenias
				Keywords
				Etiology and Epidemiology
				Pathology and Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Findings, and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Complications
				Prognosis
				Pancytopenia Caused by Marrow Replacement
				Bibliography
		Chapter 497 - Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Erythropoietin Therapy
			6 Blood Component Transfusions
				497 Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Erythropoietin Therapy
					Keywords
					RBC Transfusion in Children and Adolescents
					RBC Transfusion in Preterm Infants and Neonates
					RBC Product and Dose
					Storage Age of RBC Units
					Bibliography
		Chapter 498 - Platelet Transfusions
			498 Platelet Transfusions
				Keywords
				Children and Adolescents
				Infants and Neonates
				Platelet Products and Dosing
				Bibliography
		Chapter 499 - Neutrophil (Granulocyte) Transfusions
			499 Neutrophil (Granulocyte) Transfusions
				Keywords
				Granulocyte Transfusions for Children
				Granulocyte Transfusion for Neonates
				Granulocyte Product
					Granulocyte Product Dosing
				Bibliography
		Chapter 500 - Plasma Transfusions
			500 Plasma Transfusions
				Keywords
				Plasma Products and Patient Testing
				Plasma Transfusion in Children
				Plasma Transfusion in Neonates
				Bibliography
		Chapter 501 - Risks of Blood Transfusions
			501 Risks of Blood Transfusions
				Keywords
				Infectious Risks of Transfusion
				Noninfectious Risks of Transfusion
				Bibliography
		Chapter 502 - Hemostasis
			7 Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases
				502 Hemostasis
					Key Words
					The Hemostatic Process
					Pathology
					502.1 Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Hemostasis
						Keywords
						Clinical History
						Physical Examination
						Laboratory Tests
							Platelet Count
							Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time
							Partial Thromboplastin Time
							Thrombin Time
							Reptilase Time
							Mixing Studies
							Platelet Aggregation
							Testing for Thrombotic Predisposition
							Tests of the Fibrinolytic System
						Developmental Hemostasis
					Bibliography
		Chapter 503 - Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies (Bleeding Disorders)
			503 Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies (Bleeding Disorders)
				Keywords
				503.1 Factor VIII or Factor IX Deficiency (Hemophilia A or B)
					Keywords
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Genetics and Classification
					Treatment
					Prophylaxis
					Supportive Care
					Chronic Complications
						Inhibitor Formation
					Comprehensive Care
					Bibliography
				503.2 Factor XI Deficiency (Hemophilia C)
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				503.3 Deficiencies of the Contact Factors (Nonbleeding Disorders)
					Keywords
				503.4 Factor VII Deficiency
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				503.5 Factor X Deficiency
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				503.6 Prothrombin (Factor II) Deficiency
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				503.7 Factor V Deficiency
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				503.8 Combined Deficiency of Factors V and VIII
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				503.9 Fibrinogen (Factor I) Deficiency
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				503.10 Factor XIII Deficiency (Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor or Transglutaminase Deficiency)
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				503.11 Antiplasmin or Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Deficiency
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 504 - Von Willebrand Disease
			504 Von Willebrand Disease
				Keywords
				Pathophysiology
				Classification
				Laboratory Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 505 - Hereditary Predisposition to Thrombosis
			505 Hereditary Predisposition to Thrombosis
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 506 - Thrombotic Disorders in Children
			506 Thrombotic Disorders in Children
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
					Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
					Pulmonary Embolism
					Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis
					Renal Vein Thrombosis
					Peripheral Arterial Thrombosis
					Stroke
					Rapidly Progressive Thrombosis (Thrombotic Storm)
				Diagnosis
				Laboratory Testing
				Treatment
				Complications
				506.1 Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Therapy
					Keywords
					Unfractionated Heparin
						Heparin Dosing
						Heparin Complications
					Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin
						Enoxaparin Dosing
					Warfarin
						Dosing
						Complications
					Direct Oral Anticoagulants
					Thrombolytic Therapy
						Dosing
						Monitoring
						Complications
					Thromboprophylaxis
					Antiplatelet Therapy
					Bibliography
		Chapter 507 - Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency
			507 Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 508 - Liver Disease
			508 Liver Disease
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 509 - Acquired Inhibitors of Coagulation
			509 Acquired Inhibitors of Coagulation
				Keywords
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 510 - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
			510 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 511 - Platelet and Blood Vessel Disorders
			511 Platelet and Blood Vessel Disorders
				Keywords
				Megakaryopoiesis
				Thrombocytopenia
				511.1 Idiopathic (Autoimmune) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Outcome
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Chronic Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
					Bibliography
				511.2 Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				511.3 Nonimmune Platelet Destruction
					Keywords
				511.4 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
				511.5 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				511.6 Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				511.7 Sequestration
					Keywords
				511.8 Congenital Thrombocytopenic Syndromes
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				511.9 Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				511.10 Thrombocytopenia From Acquired Disorders Causing Decreased Production
					Keywords
				511.11 Platelet Function Disorders
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				511.12 Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				511.13 Congenital Abnormalities of Platelet Function
					Keywords
					Other Hereditary Disorders of Platelet Function
					Treatment of Patients With Platelet Dysfunction
					Bibliography
				511.14 Disorders of the Blood Vessels
					Keywords
					Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
					Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
					Other Acquired Disorders
					Bibliography
		Chapter 512 - Anatomy and Function of the Spleen
			8 The Spleen
				512 Anatomy and Function of the Spleen
					Keywords
					Anatomy
					Function
					Bibliography
		Chapter 513 - Splenomegaly
			513 Splenomegaly
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Differential Diagnosis
					Pseudosplenomegaly
					Hypersplenism
					Congestive Splenomegaly (Banti Syndrome)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 514 - Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and Splenectomy
			514 Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and Splenectomy
				Keywords
				Hyposplenism
				Splenic Trauma
				Splenectomy
				Bibliography
		Chapter 515 - Anatomy and Function of the Lymphatic System
			9 The Lymphatic System
				515 Anatomy and Function of the Lymphatic System
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 516 - Abnormalities of Lymphatic Vessels
			516 Abnormalities of Lymphatic Vessels
				Keywords
				Lymphatic Malformations
					Genetics
					Treatment
				Lymphangiectasia
				Lymphedema
				Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
				Lymphangitis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 517 - Lymphadenopathy
			517 Lymphadenopathy
				Keywords
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				517.1 Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease (Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis)
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				517.2 Sinus Histiocytosis With Massive Lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease)
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				517.3 Castleman Disease
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
	21- XXI Cancer and Benign Tumors
		Chapter 518 - Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer
			XXI Cancer and Benign Tumors
				518 Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer
					Keywords
					Influencing the Incidence of Cancer
					Bibliography
		Chapter 519 - Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer
			519 Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer
				Keywords
				Genes Involved in Oncogenesis
				Syndromes Predisposing to Cancer
				Other Factors Associated With Oncogenesis
					Viruses
					Genomic Imprinting
					Telomerase
				Bibliography
		Chapter 520 - Principles of Cancer Diagnosis
			520 Principles of Cancer Diagnosis
				Keywords
				Signs and Symptoms
				Physical Examination
				Age-Related Manifestations
				Early Detection
				Ensuring the Diagnosis
				Staging
				Bibliography
		Chapter 521 - Principles of Cancer Treatment
			521 Principles of Cancer Treatment
				Keywords
				Diagnosis and Staging
				A Multimodal, Multidisciplinary Approach
				Discussing the Treatment Plan With the Patient and Family
				Treatments
					Chemotherapy
					Surgery
					Radiation Therapy
				Acute Toxic Effects and Supportive Care
				Late Adverse Effects
				Palliative Care
				Bibliography
		Chapter 522 - The Leukemias
			522 The Leukemias
				Keywords
				522.1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
					Epidemiology
					Etiology
					Cellular Classification
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Treatment of Relapse
					Supportive Care
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				522.2 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Cellular Classification
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				522.3 Down Syndrome and Acute Leukemia and Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				522.4 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				522.5 Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				522.6 Infant Leukemia
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 523 - Lymphoma
			523 Lymphoma
				523.1 Hodgkin Lymphoma
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Relapse
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				523.2 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
						Burkitt Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
						Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
						Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
						Relapsed Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				523.3 Late Effects in Children and Adolescents With Lymphoma
					Keywords
		Chapter 524 - Brain Tumors in Childhood
			524 Brain Tumors in Childhood
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Specific Tumors
					Astrocytoma
					Ependymal Tumors
					Choroid Plexus Tumors
					Embryonal Tumors
					Pineal Parenchymal Tumors
					Craniopharyngioma
					Germ Cell Tumors
					Tumors of the Brainstem
					Metastatic Tumors
				Complications and Long-Term Management
				Bibliography
		Chapter 525 - Neuroblastoma
			525 Neuroblastoma
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 526 - Neoplasms of the Kidney
			526 Neoplasms of the Kidney
				526.1 Wilms Tumor
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Etiology: Genetics and Molecular Biology
					Clinical Presentation
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Recurrent Disease
					Prognosis
					Late Effects
				526.2 Other Pediatric Renal Tumors
					Keywords
					Mesoblastic Nephroma
					Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney
					Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney
					Renal Cell Carcinoma
					Bibliography
		Chapter 527 - Soft Tissue Sarcomas
			527 Soft Tissue Sarcomas
				Keywords
				Rhabdomyosarcoma
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
				Other Soft Tissue Sarcomas
				Bibliography
		Chapter 528 - Neoplasms of Bone
			528 Neoplasms of Bone
				528.1 Malignant Tumors of Bone
					Keywords
					Osteosarcoma
						Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prognosis
					Ewing Sarcoma
						Epidemiology
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prognosis
				528.2 Benign Tumors and Tumor-Like Processes of Bone
					Keywords
					Characteristic Lesions of the Tibia
					Histiocytosis
					Diagnostic Considerations
					Vascular Tumors of Bone
					Bibliography
		Chapter 529 - Retinoblastoma
			529 Retinoblastoma
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Screening
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 530 - Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms
			530 Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 531 - Neoplasms of the Liver
			531 Neoplasms of the Liver
				Keywords
				Hepatoblastoma
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
				Hepatocellular Carcinoma
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 532 - Benign Vascular Tumors
			532 Benign Vascular Tumors
				532.1 Hemangiomas
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				532.2 Lymphangiomas and Cystic Hygromas
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 533 - Rare Tumors
			533 Rare Tumors
				533.1 Thyroid Tumors
					Keywords
					Benign Thyroid Tumors
					Malignant Thyroid Tumors
					Bibliography
				533.2 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				533.3 Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				533.4 Adrenal Tumors
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				533.5 Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 534 - Histiocytosis Syndromes of Childhood
			534 Histiocytosis Syndromes of Childhood
				Keywords
				Classification and Pathology
				534.1 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment and Prognosis
					Bibliography
				534.2 Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment and Prognosis
					Bibliography
				534.3 Other Histiocytoses
					Keywords
					Bibliography
	22- XXII Nephrology
		Chapter 535 - Introduction to Glomerular Diseases
			XXII Nephrology
			1 Glomerular Disease
			535 Introduction to Glomerular Diseases
				Keywords
				535.1 Anatomy of the Glomerulus
					Bibliography
				535.2 Glomerular Filtration
					Bibliography
				535.3 Glomerular Diseases
					Pathogenesis
					Pathology
					Bibliography
		Chapter 536 - Clinical Evaluation of the Child With Hematuria
			2 Conditions Particularly Associated With Hematuria
				536 Clinical Evaluation of the Child With Hematuria
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 537 - Isolated Glomerular Diseases Associated With Recurrent Gross Hematuria
			537 Isolated Glomerular Diseases Associated With Recurrent Gross Hematuria
				Keywords
				537.1 Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (Berger Nephropathy)
					Pathology and Pathologic Diagnosis
					Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations
					Prognosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				537.2 Alport Syndrome
					Genetics
					Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				537.3 Thin Basement Membrane Disease
					Bibliography
				537.4 Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
					Etiology and Epidemiology
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Complications
					Prevention
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				537.5 Membranous Nephropathy
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				537.6 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				537.7 Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis
					Classification
					Pathology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 538 - Multisystem Disease Associated With Hematuria
			538 Multisystem Disease Associated With Hematuria
				Keywords
				538.1 Chronic Infections
					Bibliography
				538.2 Glomerulonephritis Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
					Keywords
					Pathogenesis and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				538.3 Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis
					Keywords
					Pathogenesis and Pathology
					Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations
					Prognosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				538.4 Goodpasture Disease
					Keywords
					Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				538.5 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Prognosis and Treatment
					Bibliography
				538.6 Toxic Nephropathy
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				538.7 Cortical Necrosis
					Keywords
					Background
					Etiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory and Radiologic Findings
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				538.8 Coagulopathies and Thrombocytopenia
		Chapter 539 - Tubulointerstitial Disease Associated With Hematuria
			539 Tubulointerstitial Disease Associated With Hematuria
				539.1 Pyelonephritis
				539.2 Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
					Keywords
					Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
						Pathogenesis and Pathology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment and Prognosis
					Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
						Pathogenesis and Pathology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment and Prognosis
					Bibliography
				539.3 Papillary Necrosis
					Keywords
					Pathogenesis and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment and Prognosis
					Bibliography
				539.4 Acute Tubular Necrosis
					Keywords
					Pathogenesis and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment and Prognosis (see also Chapter 550.1)
					Bibliography
		Chapter 540 - Vascular Diseases Associated with Hematuria
			540 Vascular Diseases Associated with Hematuria
				540.1 Vascular Abnormalities
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				540.2 Renal Vein Thrombosis
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				540.3 Sickle Cell Nephropathy
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				540.4 Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
					Keywords
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				540.5 Nephrocalcinosis
		Chapter 541 - Anatomic Abnormalities Associated With Hematuria
			541 Anatomic Abnormalities Associated With Hematuria
				541.1 Congenital Anomalies
				541.2 Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
					Keywords
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				541.3 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
					Keywords
					Pathology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Presentation
					Diagnosis
					Treatment and Prognosis
					Bibliography
				541.4 Trauma
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				541.5 Renal Tumors
		Chapter 542 - Lower Urinary Tract Causes of Hematuria
			542 Lower Urinary Tract Causes of Hematuria
				542.1 Infectious Causes of Cystitis and Urethritis
				542.2 Hemorrhagic Cystitis
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				542.3 Vigorous Exercise
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 543 - Clinical Evaluation of the Child With Proteinuria
			3 Conditions Particularly Associated With Proteinuria
				543 Clinical Evaluation of the Child With Proteinuria
					Normal Physiology
					Pathophysiology of Proteinuria
					Measurement of Urine Protein
						Urine Dipstick Measurement of Protein
						Urine Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio Measurement
					Clinical Considerations
					Bibliography
		Chapter 544 - Conditions Associated With Proteinuria
			544 Conditions Associated With Proteinuria
				544.1 Transient Proteinuria
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				544.2 Orthostatic (Postural) Proteinuria
					Bibliography
				544.3 Fixed Proteinuria
					Keywords
					Glomerular Proteinuria
					Tubular Proteinuria
					Bibliography
						Tubular Proteinuria
		Chapter 545 - Nephrotic Syndrome
			545 Nephrotic Syndrome
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Pathogenesis
					Role of the Podocyte
					Role of the Immune System
				Clinical Consequences of Nephrotic Syndrome
					Edema
					Hyperlipidemia
					Increased Susceptibility to Infections
					Hypercoagulability
				545.1 Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
					Keywords
					Pathology
					Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
							Recommendations for the Initial Evaluation of Children With Nephrotic Syndrome
								Confirming the Diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome.
						Treatment
							Use of Corticosteroids to Treat Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome
							Treatment of the Initial Episode of Nephrotic Syndrome
							Managing the Clinical Sequelae of Nephrotic Syndrome
								Edema.
								Dyslipidemia.
								Infections.
								Thromboembolism.
								Obesity and Growth.
								Relapse of Nephrotic Syndrome.
								Steroid Resistance.
								Implications of Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome.
								Alternative Therapies to Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome.
								Immunizations in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome.
						Prognosis
					Bibliography
				545.2 Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				545.3 Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 546 - Tubular Function
			4 Tubular Disorders
				546 Tubular Function
					Keywords
					Sodium
					Potassium
					Calcium
					Phosphate
					Magnesium
					Acidification and Concentrating Mechanisms
					Developmental Considerations
					Bibliography
		Chapter 547 - Renal Tubular Acidosis
			547 Renal Tubular Acidosis
				Keywords
				Normal Urinary Acidification
				547.1 Proximal (Type II) Renal Tubular Acidosis
					Pathogenesis
						Autosomal Recessive Disease
						Cystinosis
						Lowe Syndrome
					Clinical Manifestations of Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Fanconi Syndrome
				547.2 Distal (Type I) Renal Tubular Acidosis
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
				547.3 Hyperkalemic (Type IV) Renal Tubular Acidosis
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnostic Approach to Renal Tubular Acidosis
					Treatment and Prognosis
					Bibliography
				547.4 Rickets Associated With Renal Tubular Acidosis
		Chapter 548 - Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
			548 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
				Keywords
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment and Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 549 - Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities
			549 Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities
				Keywords
				549.1 Bartter Syndrome
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment and Prognosis
				549.2 Gitelman Syndrome
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				549.3 Other Inherited Tubular Transport Abnormalities
					Bibliography
		Chapter 550 - Renal Failure
			550 Renal Failure
				550.1 Acute Kidney Injury
					Keywords
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
						Medical Management
					Dialysis
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				550.2 Chronic Kidney Disease
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment and Management
						Nutrition
						CKD Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD)
						Fluid and Electrolyte Management
						Linear Growth
						Anemia
						Hypertension and Proteinuria
						Immunizations
						Adjustment in Drug Dose
						Progression of Disease
					Bibliography
				550.3 End-Stage Renal Disease
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 551 - Renal Transplantation
			551 Renal Transplantation
				Keywords
				Incidence and Etiology of End-Stage Renal Disease
				Indications for Renal Transplantation
				Characteristics of Kidney Donors and Recipients
				Evaluation and Preparing for Kidney Transplantation
				Immunosuppression
					Induction Therapy
					T-Cell Antibodies
					Interleukin-2 Receptor Antibodies
					Other Induction Therapies
					Maintenance Immunosuppression
						Calcineurin Inhibitors
						Antiproliferative Agents
						Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitors
						Corticosteroids
						Other Agents
				Fluid Management in Infants and Small Children Following Kidney Transplantation
				Rejection of Kidney Transplant
					Kidney Biopsy
				Graft Survival of Kidneys
				Complications of Immunosuppression
				Long-Term Outcome of Kidney Transplantation
				Bibliography
	23- XXIII Urologic Disorders in Infants and Children
		Chapter 552 - Congenital Anomalies and Dysgenesis of the Kidneys
			XXIII Urologic Disorders in Infants and Children
				552 Congenital Anomalies and Dysgenesis of the Kidneys
					Keywords
					Embryonic and Fetal Development
					Renal Agenesis
					Renal Dysgenesis: Dysplasia, Hypoplasia, and Cystic Anomalies
					Renal Cysts in Children
					Anomalies in Shape and Position
					Associated Physical Findings
					Bibliography
		Chapter 553 - Urinary Tract Infections
			553 Urinary Tract Infections
				Keywords
				Prevalence and Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations and Classification
					Pyelonephritis
					Cystitis
				Pathogenesis and Pathology
				Diagnosis
				Imaging Findings
				Treatment
					Acute Lobar Nephronia, Renal Abscess, and Perinephric Abscess
					Other Potential Treatment or Prevention Options
				Imaging Studies in Children With a Febrile UTI
				Prevention of Recurrences
				Bibliography
		Chapter 554 - Vesicoureteral Reflux
			554 Vesicoureteral Reflux
				Keywords
				Classification
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Natural History
				Treatment
					Observation
					Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
					Surgery
				Current Vesicoureteral Reflux Guidelines
				Bibliography
		Chapter 555 - Obstruction of the Urinary Tract
			555 Obstruction of the Urinary Tract
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Physical Findings
				Imaging Studies
					Renal Ultrasound
					Voiding Cystourethrogram
					Radioisotope Studies
					Magnetic Resonance Urography
					Computed Tomography
					Ancillary Studies
				Specific Types of Urinary Tract Obstruction and Their Treatment
					Hydrocalycosis
					Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
					Midureteral Obstruction
					Ectopic Ureter
					Ureterocele
					Megaureter
					Prune-Belly Syndrome
					Bladder Neck Obstruction
					Posterior Urethral Valves
					Urethral Atresia
					Urethral Hypoplasia
					Urethral Stricture
					Anterior Urethral Valves and Urethral Diverticula in the Male
					Male Urethral Meatal Stenosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 556 - Anomalies of the Bladder
			556 Anomalies of the Bladder
				Keywords
				Bladder Exstrophy
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Long-Term Prognosis
				Other Exstrophy Anomalies
				Bladder Diverticula
				Urachal Anomalies
				Bibliography
		Chapter 557 - Neuropathic Bladder
			557 Neuropathic Bladder
				Keywords
				Neural Tube Defects
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Renal Damage
					Urinary Incontinence
					Complications of Augmentation Cystoplasty
						Urinary Tract Infection
						Metabolic Acidosis
						Spontaneous Perforation
						Bladder Calculi
						Malignant Neoplasm
					Future Management
				Associated Disorders
					Constipation
					Latex Allergy
					Occult Spinal Dysraphism
					Sacral Agenesis
					Imperforate Anus
					Cerebral Palsy
				Bibliography
		Chapter 558 - Enuresis and Voiding Dysfunction
			558 Enuresis and Voiding Dysfunction
				Keywords
				Normal Voiding and Toilet Training
				Diurnal Incontinence
				Overactive Bladder (Diurnal Urge Syndrome)
				Nonneurogenic Neurogenic Bladder (Hinman Syndrome)
				Infrequent Voiding (Underactive Bladder)
				Vaginal Voiding
				Other Causes of Incontinence in Females
				Voiding Disorders Without Incontinence
				Nocturnal Enuresis
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 559 - Anomalies of the Penis and Urethra
			559 Anomalies of the Penis and Urethra
				Keywords
				Hypospadias
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
				Chordee Without Hypospadias
				Phimosis and Paraphimosis
				Circumcision
				Penile Torsion
				Inconspicuous Penis
				Micropenis
				Priapism
				Other Penile Anomalies
				Meatal Stenosis
				Other Male Urethral Anomalies
				Urethral Prolapse (Female)
				Other Female Urethral Lesions
				Bibliography
		Chapter 560 - Disorders and Anomalies of the Scrotal Contents
			560 Disorders and Anomalies of the Scrotal Contents
				Keywords
				Undescended Testis (Cryptorchidism)
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
				Scrotal Swelling
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
				Testicular (Spermatic Cord) Torsion
					Etiology
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Torsion of the Appendix Testis/Epididymis
				Epididymitis
				Varicocele
				Spermatocele
				Hydrocele
					Etiology
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Inguinal Hernia
				Testicular Microlithiasis
				Testicular Tumor
				Bibliography
		Chapter 561 - Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract
			561 Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 562 - Urinary Lithiasis
			562 Urinary Lithiasis
				Keywords
				Stone Formation
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Metabolic Evaluation
				Pathogenesis of Specific Renal Calculi
					Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate Calculi
					Cystine Calculi
					Struvite Calculi
					Uric Acid Calculi
					Indinavir Calculi
					Nephrocalcinosis
				Treatment
				Stone Prevention
				Bibliography
Volume 4 -  Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics  21th ed  2020   Original PDF.pdf (p.5084-6125)
	cover
	Contents
	24- XXIV Gynecologic Problems of Childhood
		Chapter 563 - Gynecologic History and Physical Examination
			XXIV Gynecologic Problems of Childhood
				563 Gynecologic History and Physical Examination
					Keywords
					History
					Gynecologic Examination
						Neonates
						Infants and Prepubertal Girls
							Indications for Genital Examination
							Preparation
							Positioning
							Documentation
						Adolescents
							Pelvic Examination
					Bibliography
		Chapter 564 - Vulvovaginitis
			564 Vulvovaginitis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
					Diaper Dermatitis
					Physiologic Leukorrhea
					Labial Agglutination
					Genital Ulcers
					Dermatoses
				Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment and Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 565 - Vaginal Bleeding in the Prepubertal Child
			565 Vaginal Bleeding in the Prepubertal Child
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 566 - Breast Concerns
			566 Breast Concerns
				Keywords
				Breast Development
				Breast Evaluation
				Breast Self-Awareness
				Abnormal Development
					Neonatal Breast Abnormalities
					Precocious Puberty
					Amastia
					Polymastia and Polythelia
					Breast Asymmetry and Hypomastia
					Juvenile or Virginal Hypertrophy
					Infections
					Trauma and Inflammation
					Nipple Discharge
					Galactorrhea
					Bloody Discharge
					Mastalgia
				Breast Masses
					Peripubertal Masses
					Common Adolescent Breast Masses
					Malignant Masses
					Imaging of Breast Masses
					Recommendations for Daughters of Women With Breast Cancer
						Risk Reduction
						Screening Procedures
						Genetic Testing in Children
				Cosmetic Surgery
				Bibliography
		Chapter 567 - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hirsutism
			567 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hirsutism
				Keywords
				Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
					Etiology and Definition
					Pathology, Pathogenesis, and Genetics
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings, Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis
					Complications and Long-Term Outlook
					Treatment
						Lifestyle Changes
						Hormonal Contraceptives
						Metformin
						Antiandrogens
				Hirsutism
				Bibliography
		Chapter 568 - Gynecologic Neoplasms and Adolescent Prevention Methods for Human Papillomavirus
			568 Gynecologic Neoplasms and Adolescent Prevention Methods for Human Papillomavirus
				Keywords
				Overview of Gynecologic Malignancies in Children and Adolescents
				Impact of Cancer Therapy on Fertility
				Ovarian Neoplasms
					Neonatal and Pediatric Ovarian Cysts
					Functional Cysts
					Teratomas
					Cystadenomas
					Endometriomas
					Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Tuboovarian Abscess
					Adnexal Torsion
					Ovarian Malignancies
				Uterine Malignancies
				Vaginal Malignancies
				Vulvar Malignancies
				Cervical Malignancies and Their Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 569 - Vulvovaginal and Müllerian Anomalies
			569 Vulvovaginal and Müllerian Anomalies
				Keywords
				Embryology
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Uterine Anomalies
					Septate Uterus
					Bicornuate Uterus
					Unicornuate Uterus and Rudimentary Horns
					Uterine Didelphys
					Arcuate Uterus
					Treatment
				Vaginal Anomalies
					Abnormalities of the Hymen
					Congenital Absence of the Vagina and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome
					Longitudinal Vaginal Septa
					Transverse Vaginal Septa (Vertical Fusion Defects)
					Treatment
				Cervical Anomalies
				Vulvar and Other Anomalies
					Complete Vulvar Duplication
					Labial Asymmetry and Hypertrophy
					Clitoral Abnormalities
					Cloacal Anomalies
					Ductal Remnants
				Bibliography
		Chapter 570 - Gynecologic Care for Girls With Special Needs
			570 Gynecologic Care for Girls With Special Needs
				Keywords
				Sexuality and Sexual Education
				Abuse
				Pelvic Examination
				Menstruation
					Treatment of Menstruation
						Nonhormonal Methods
					Estrogen-Containing Methods
						Oral Contraceptives
						Contraceptive Ring
						Contraceptive Patch
						Estrogen Use, Venous Thromboembolism, and Mobility Issues
					Progestin-Only Methods
						Intramuscular Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
						Oral Progestins
						Progesterone Intrauterine Device
						Implants
						Hormones and Antiepileptic Drugs
					Surgical Methods
				Contraception
				Bibliography
		Chapter 571 - Female Genital Mutilation
			571 Female Genital Mutilation
				Keywords
				Background
				Complications
				Clinical Management of FGM
				Bibliography
	25- XXV The Endocrine System
		Chapter 572 - Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
			XXV The Endocrine System
			1 Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
			572 Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
				Keywords
				Anatomy
				Embryology
				Vascular Supply
				Anterior Pituitary Cell Types
					Growth Hormone
					Prolactin
					Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
					Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
					Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
				Posterior Pituitary Cell Types
					Antidiuretic Hormone
					Oxytocin
				Bibliography
		Chapter 573 - Hypopituitarism
			573 Hypopituitarism
				Keywords
				Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency
					Genetic Forms (Table 573.1)
						PROP1
						POU1F1 (PIT1)
						HESX1
						LHX3 and LHX4
					Other Congenital Forms
					Acquired Forms
				Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency and Insensitivity
					Genetic Forms of Growth Hormone Deficiency
						Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone Receptor
						GH1
						X-Linked Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency
					Acquired Forms
				Growth Hormone Insensitivity
					Abnormalities of the Growth Hormone Receptor
					Postreceptor Forms of Growth Hormone Insensitivity
						IGF-1 Gene Abnormalities
						Insulin-Like Growth Factor–Binding Protein Abnormalities
						IGF-1 Receptor Gene Abnormalities
				Clinical Manifestations
					Congenital Hypopituitarism
					Acquired Hypopituitarism
				Laboratory Findings
				Radiologic Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
					Constitutional Growth Delay
				Treatment
				Complications and Adverse Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 574 - Diabetes Insipidus
			574 Diabetes Insipidus
				Keywords
				Physiology of Water Balance
				Approach to the Patient With Polyuria, Polydipsia, and Hypernatremia
				Causes of Hypernatremia
					Central Diabetes Insipidus
					Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
				Treatment of Central Diabetes Insipidus
					Fluid Therapy
						Vasopressin Analogs
						Aqueous Vasopressin
				Treatment of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
				Bibliography
		Chapter 575 - Other Abnormalities of Arginine Vasopressin Metabolism and Action
			575 Other Abnormalities of Arginine Vasopressin Metabolism and Action
				Keywords
				Causes of Hyponatremia
					Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
					Nephrogenic Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis
					Systemic Dehydration
					Primary Salt Loss
					Decreased Effective Plasma Volume
					Primary Polydipsia (Increased Water Ingestion)
					Decreased Free Water Clearance
					Cerebral Salt Wasting
					Runner’s Hyponatremia
					Pseudohyponatremia and Other Causes of Hyponatremia
				Treatment
					Emergency Treatment of Hyponatremia
					Treatment of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
					Treatment of Cerebral Salt Wasting
				Bibliography
		Chapter 576 - Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, and Overgrowth Syndromes
			576 Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, and Overgrowth Syndromes
				Keywords
				Hyperpituitarism
				Tall Stature
					Differential Diagnosis of Tall Stature
						Overgrowth in the Fetus and Neonate
						Overgrowth in Childhood or Adolescence
				Sotos Syndrome (Cerebral Gigantism)
				Treatment of Normal Variant Tall Stature
				Excess Growth Hormone Secretion and Pituitary Gigantism
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Hypersecretion of Other Pituitary Hormones
					Prolactinoma
					Corticotropinoma
				Bibliography
		Chapter 577 - Physiology of Puberty
			577 Physiology of Puberty
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 578 - Disorders of Pubertal Development
			578 Disorders of Pubertal Development
				578.1 Central Precocious Puberty
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				578.2 Precocious Puberty Resulting from Organic Brain Lesions
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				578.3 Precocious Puberty Following Irradiation of the Brain
					Keywords
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				578.4 Syndrome of Precocious Puberty and Hypothyroidism
					Keywords
				578.5 Chorionic Gonadotropin-Secreting Tumors
					Keywords
					Hepatic Tumors
					Intracranial Tumors
					Tumors in Other Locations
					Peripheral Precocious Puberty
					Bibliography
				578.6 McCune-Albright Syndrome
					Keywords
					Extragonadal Manifestations
					Bibliography
				578.7 Familial Male Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious Puberty
					Keywords
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				578.8 Incomplete (Partial) Precocious Development
					Keywords
					Premature Thelarche
					Premature Pubarche (Adrenarche)
					Premature Menarche
					Bibliography
				578.9 Medicational Precocity
					Keywords
				578.10 Delayed or Absent Puberty*
					Keywords
					Differential Diagnosis
						Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty
						Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
						Kallmann Syndrome
						Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism: Males
						Klinefelter Syndrome
						Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism: Females
						Turner Syndrome
						Females with Delayed or Absent Adrenarche
					Diagnostic Approach to Delayed Puberty
					Treatment of Delayed Puberty
					Bibliography
		Chapter 579 - Thyroid Development and Physiology
			2 Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
				579 Thyroid Development and Physiology
					Keywords
					Fetal Development
					Thyroid Physiology
					Thyroid Regulation
					579.1 Thyroid Hormone Studies
						Serum Thyroid Hormones
						Fetal and Newborn Thyroid
						Serum Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
						Radionuclide Studies
						Thyroid Ultrasonography
						Bibliography
					Bibliography
		Chapter 580 - Disorders of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
			580 Disorders of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 581 - Hypothyroidism
			581 Hypothyroidism
				Keywords
				Congenital Hypothyroidism
					Epidemiology
					Etiology
						Primary Hypothyroidism
							Thyroid Dysgenesis.
							Defects in Thyroid Hormone Synthesis (Dyshormonogenesis).
							Defective Iodide Transport.
							Defects of Iodine Organification.
							Defects of Thyroglobulin Synthesis.
							Defects in Deiodination.
							Defects in Thyroid Hormone Transport.
							Thyrotropin Receptor–Blocking Antibodies.
							Radioiodine Administration.
							Iodine Exposure.
							Iodine Deficiency (Endemic Goiter).
						Central (Secondary) Hypothyroidism
							Thyrotropin and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency.
					Thyroid Function in Preterm and Low Birthweight Infants
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Prognosis
				Acquired Hypothyroidism
					Epidemiology
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnostic Studies
					Treatment and Prognosis
				Bibliography
					Congenital Hypothyroidism
					Acquired Hypothyroidism
		Chapter 582 - Thyroiditis
			582 Thyroiditis
				Keywords
				Thyroiditis With Pain
				Thyroiditis Without Pain
					Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Autoimmune Thyroiditis)
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
				Other Causes of Thyroiditis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 583 - Goiter
			583 Goiter
				583.1 Congenital Goiter
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				583.2 Intratracheal Goiter
					Keywords
				583.3 Endemic Goiter and Cretinism
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Pathogenesis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				583.4 Acquired Goiter
					Keywords
					Iodide Goiter
						Iodine-Deficiency Goiter
						Goitrogens
					Simple Goiter (Colloid Goiter)
					Multinodular Goiter
					Toxic Goiter (Hyperthyroidism)
					Bibliography
		Chapter 584 - Thyrotoxicosis
			584 Thyrotoxicosis
				Keywords
				584.1 Graves Disease
					Keywords
					Epidemiology
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Antithyroid Drugs
						Definitive Therapy
					Bibliography
				584.2 Congenital Hyperthyroidism
					Keywords
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Prognosis
						Resistance to Thyroid Hormone
					Bibliography
		Chapter 585 - Carcinoma of the Thyroid
			585 Carcinoma of the Thyroid
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
				585.1 Thyroid Nodules
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 586 - Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
			586 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
				Keywords
				Monogenic Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
				Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1
				Immune Dysregulation- Polyendocrinopathy-Enteropathy X-Linked
				Other Monogenic Immune Dysregulation Disorders
				Polygenic Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome (APS-2)
				Chromosomal Abnormalities Associated With Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome
				Nongenetic Autoimmune Causes of Multiple Endocrinopathy
				Bibliography
		Chapter 587 - Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
			587 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
				Keywords
				Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
				Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
				Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A
				Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B
				Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
				Management of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
				Bibliography
		Chapter 588 - Hormones and Peptides of Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism
			3 Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland
				588 Hormones and Peptides of Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism
					Keywords
					Parathyroid Hormone
					Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide
					Vitamin D
					Calcitonin
					Bibliography
		Chapter 589 - Hypoparathyroidism
			589 Hypoparathyroidism
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Aplasia or Hypoplasia of the Parathyroid Glands
				X-Linked Recessive Hypoparathyroidism
				Autosomal Recessive Hypoparathyroidism With Dysmorphic Features
				Hypoparathyroidism, Sensorineural Deafness, and Renal Anomaly Syndrome
				Suppression of Neonatal Parathyroid Hormone Secretion Because of Maternal Hyperparathyroidism
				Autosomal Dominant Hypoparathyroidism
				Hypoparathyroidism Associated With Mitochondrial Disorders
				Surgical Hypoparathyroidism
				Autoimmune Hypoparathyroidism
				Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Differential Diagnosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 590 - Pseudohypoparathyroidism
			590 Pseudohypoparathyroidism
				Keywords
				Type Ia
					Type Ia With Precocious Puberty
				Type Ib
				Acrodysostosis With Hormone Resistance
				Bibliography
		Chapter 591 - Hyperparathyroidism
			591 Hyperparathyroidism
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				591.1 Other Causes of Hypercalcemia
					Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (Familial Benign Hypercalcemia)
					Granulomatous Diseases
					Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
					Miscellaneous Causes of Hypercalcemia
					Bibliography
		Chapter 592 - Physiology of the Adrenal Gland
			4 Disorders of the Adrenal Gland
				592 Physiology of the Adrenal Gland
					592.1 Histology and Embryology
						Keywords
						Bibliography
					592.2 Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis
						Keywords
						Zona Glomerulosa
						Zona Fasciculata
						Zona Reticularis
						Fetoplacental Unit
						Bibliography
					592.3 Regulation of the Adrenal Cortex
						Keywords
						Regulation of Cortisol Secretion
						Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion
						Regulation of Adrenal Androgen Secretion
						Bibliography
					592.4 Adrenal Steroid Hormone Actions
						Keywords
						Actions of Glucocorticoids
						Metabolic Effects
							Circulatory and Renal Effects
							Growth
							Immunologic Effects
							Effects on Skin, Bone, and Calcium
							Central Nervous System Effects
						Actions of Mineralocorticoids
						Actions of the Adrenal Androgens
							Synthetic Corticosteroids
						Bibliography
					592.5 Adrenal Medulla
						Keywords
						Bibliography
		Chapter 593 - Adrenocortical Insufficiency
			593 Adrenocortical Insufficiency
				Keywords
				593.1 Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
					Keywords
					Inherited Etiologies
						Inborn Defects of Steroidogenesis
						Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita
						Other Genetic Causes of Adrenal Hypoplasia
						Adrenoleukodystrophy
						Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency
						Type I Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Syndrome
						Disorders of Cholesterol Synthesis and Metabolism
						Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin Deficiency and Decreased Cortisol-Binding Affinity
					Acquired Etiologies
						Autoimmune Addison Disease
						Infection
						Drugs
						Hemorrhage Into Adrenal Glands
						Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				593.2 Secondary and Tertiary Adrenal Insufficiency
					Keywords
					Etiology
						Abrupt Cessation of Administration of Corticosteroids
						Corticotropin (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) Deficiency
					Clinical Presentation
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				593.3 Adrenal Insufficiency in the Critical Care Setting
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				593.4 Altered End-Organ Sensitivity to Corticosteroids
					Keywords
					Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Cortisone Reductase Deficiency
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Altered End-Organ Sensitivity to Mineralocorticoids
						Pseudohypoaldosteronism
							Etiology
							Clinical Manifestations
							Laboratory Findings
							Differential Diagnosis
							Treatment
					Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Liddle Syndrome
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Findings, and Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Bibliography
						Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance
						Cortisone Reductase Deficiency
						Altered End-Organ Sensitivity to Mineralocorticoids
						Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess
						Liddle Syndrome
		Chapter 594 - Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Related Disorders
			594 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Related Disorders
				594.1 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Genetics
					Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
						Aldosterone and Cortisol Deficiency
						Prenatal Androgen Excess
						Postnatal Androgen Excess
						Adrenomedullary Dysfunction
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Prenatal Diagnosis
					Newborn Screening
					Treatment
						Glucocorticoid Replacement
						Mineralocorticoid Replacement
						Surgical Management of Ambiguous Genitals
						Prenatal Treatment
					Bibliography
				594.2 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 11β-Hydroxylase Deficiency
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				594.3 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				594.4 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				594.5 Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				594.6 Deficiency of P450 Oxidoreductase (Antley-Bixler Syndrome)
					Keywords
					Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations
					Epidemiology
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Bibliography
				594.7 Aldosterone Synthase Deficiency
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				594.8 Glucocorticoid-Suppressible Hyperaldosteronism
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Genetic Counseling
					Bibliography
		Chapter 595 - Adrenocortical Tumors and Masses
			595 Adrenocortical Tumors and Masses
				Epidemiology
				595.1 Adrenocortical Carcinoma
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Pathologic Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				595.2 Adrenal Incidentaloma
				595.3 Adrenal Calcification
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 596 - Virilizing and Feminizing Adrenal Tumors
			596 Virilizing and Feminizing Adrenal Tumors
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
		Chapter 597 - Cushing Syndrome
			597 Cushing Syndrome
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 598 - Primary Aldosteronism
			598 Primary Aldosteronism
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 599 - Pheochromocytoma
			599 Pheochromocytoma
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 600 - Development and Function of the Gonads
			5 Disorders of the Gonads
				600 Development and Function of the Gonads
					Keywords
					Genetic Control of Embryonic Gonadal Differentiation
					Function of the Testes
					Function of the Ovaries
					Diagnostic Testing
					Therapeutic Use of Sex Steroids
					Bibliography
		Chapter 601 - Hypofunction of the Testes
			601 Hypofunction of the Testes
				601.1 Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male (Primary Hypogonadism)
					Keywords
					Etiology
						Congenital Anorchia or Testicular Regression Syndrome
						Chemotherapy and Radiation-Induced Hypogonadism
						Sertoli Cell–Only Syndrome
						Other Causes of Testicular Hypofunction
						Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Noonan Syndrome
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Klinefelter Syndrome
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
							Klinefelter Variants and Other Poly-X Syndromes
						Laboratory Findings
						Management
					XX Males
					45,X Males
					47,XXX Males
					Bibliography
				601.2 Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male (Secondary Hypogonadism)
					Keywords
					Etiology
						Isolated Gonadotropin Deficiency
							Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Without Anosmia
						Other Disorders With Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
						Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Associated With Other Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies
					Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 602 - Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Tumors of the Testes
			602 Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Tumors of the Testes
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 603 - Gynecomastia
			603 Gynecomastia
				Keywords
				Physiologic Forms of Gynecomastia
					Neonatal Gynecomastia
					Pubertal Gynecomastia
					Pathologic Gynecomastia
				Evaluation of Gynecomastia
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 604 - Hypofunction of the Ovaries
			604 Hypofunction of the Ovaries
				604.1 Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female (Primary Hypogonadism)
					Keywords
					Turner Syndrome
						Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Laboratory Findings
						Treatment
					XX Gonadal Dysgenesis
					45,X/46,XY Gonadal Dysgenesis
					XXX, XXXX, and XXXXX Females
						XXX Females
						XXXX and XXXXX Females
					Noonan Syndrome
					Other Ovarian Defects
					Bibliography
				604.2 Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female (Secondary Hypogonadism)
					Keywords
					Etiology
						Hypopituitarism
						Isolated Deficiency of Gonadotropins
					Diagnosis
					Bibliography
		Chapter 605 - Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Lesions of the Ovary
			605 Pseudoprecocity Resulting From Lesions of the Ovary
				Keywords
				Estrogenic Lesions of the Ovary
					Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment and Prognosis
					Follicular Cyst
				Androgenic Lesions of the Ovary
				Bibliography
		Chapter 606 - Disorders of Sex Development
			606 Disorders of Sex Development
				Sex Differentiation
				Diagnostic Approach to the Patient With Atypical or Ambiguous Genitalia
				606.1 46,XX DSD
					Keywords
					Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
					Aromatase Deficiency
					Cortisol Resistance Due to Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Mutation
						P450 Oxidoreductase Deficiency
					Virilizing Maternal Tumors
					Exposure to Androgenic Drugs by Women During Pregnancy
						SF-1 Mutations
						46,XX Testicular DSD
						46,XX Gonadal Dysgenesis
						Undetermined/Unknown
					Bibliography
				606.2 46,XY DSD
					Keywords
					Defects in Testicular Differentiation
						Wilms Tumor Suppressor Gene (WT1) Mutations: Denys-Drash, Frasier, and WAGR Syndromes
						Campomelic Syndrome
						SF-1 (Also Known as Ad4BP or NR5A1) Defects and 46,XY DSD
						XY Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis (Swyer Syndrome)
						XY Gonadal Agenesis Syndrome (Embryonic Testicular Regression Syndrome)
					Defiency of Testicular Hormone Production
						Leydig Cell Aplasia
						Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia
						3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
						Deficiency of 17-Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase
						Deficiency of 17-Ketosteroid Reductase
						Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome
					Defects in Androgen Action
						Dihydrotestosterone Deficiency
						Androgen Insensitivity Syndromes
							Clinical Manifestations
							Diagnosis
							Treatment and Prognosis
					Undetermined Causes
					Bibliography
				606.3 Ovotesticular DSD
					Keywords
					Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of Sex Development
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 607 - Diabetes Mellitus
			6 Diabetes Mellitus in Children
				607 Diabetes Mellitus
					607.1 Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
						Keywords
						Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
						Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
						Other Specific Types of Diabetes
							Monogenic Diabetes
						Other Etiologies of Diabetes
						Prediabetes
					607.2 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Immune Mediated)
						Keywords
						Epidemiology
						Genetics
							Monogenic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
							Genes Altering the Risk of Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
							Major Histocompatibility Complex/Human Leukocyte Antigen Encoded Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
							Role of Aspartate at Position 57 in DQB1
							Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I
							Non-MHC/HLA Genes Associated With T1DM Risk
						Environmental Factors
							Viral Infections
							Congenital Rubella Syndrome
							Enteroviruses
							Mumps Virus
							The Hygiene Hypothesis: Possible Protective Role of Infections
							Gastrointestinal Microbiome
							Diet
							Psychologic Stress
						Pathogenesis and Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
							Initiation of Autoimmunity
							Preclinical Autoimmunity With Progressive Loss of β-Cell Function
								Role of Autoantibodies
								Role of Genetics in Disease Progression
								Role of Environmental Factors
							Onset of Clinical Disease
						Prediction and Prevention
						Pathophysiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
							Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
							Hyperglycemia and Dehydration
							Catabolic Losses
							Ketoacid Accumulation
							Diabetic Ketoacidosis Protocol
							Cerebral Edema
							Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma
						Initiation of Subcutaneous Insulin Therapy
							Insulin Therapy
							Insulin Pump Therapy
							Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems
							Closed-Loop Systems
							Adjunct Pharmacotherapy
							Basic and Advanced Diabetes Education
							Nutritional Management
							Monitoring
							Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
							Exercise
							Benefits of Improved Glycemic Control
							Hypoglycemic Reactions
							Dawn Phenomenon and Somogyi Phenomenon
							Behavioral/Psychologic Aspects and Eating Disorders
						Cognitive Function
						Coping Styles
						Nonadherence
						Anxiety and Depression
						Fear of Self-Injecting and Self-Testing
						Eating Disorders
							Management During Infections
							Management During Surgery
						Long-Term Complications: Relation to Glycemic Control
							Diabetic Retinopathy
							Diabetic Nephropathy
						Diabetic Neuropathy
							Skeletal Effects of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
							Other Complications
						Prognosis
						Pancreas and Islet Transplantation and Regeneration
					607.3 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
						Natural History
						Epidemiology
						Genetics
						Epigenetics and Fetal Programming
						Environmental and Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors
						Clinical Features
						Treatment
						Complications
						Prevention
					607.4 Other Specific Types of Diabetes
						Keywords
						Genetic Defects of β-Cell Function
							Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus
							Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus
							Maturity-Onset Diabetes of Youth
								MODY2
								MODY3
								Less Common Forms of Monogenic Diabetes
								Mitochondrial Gene Defects
							Abnormalities of the Insulin Gene
						Genetic Defects of Insulin Action
							Donohue Syndrome
							Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome
							Lipoatrophic Diabetes
							Stiff-Person Syndrome
							Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
						Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes
						Endocrinopathies
						Drugs
						Genetic Syndromes Associated With Diabetes Mellitus
						Autoimmune Diseases Associated With T1DM
							IPEX Syndrome
							Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes
						Bibliography
							Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathology, Classification, and Prevention
							Genetics
							Diabetic Ketoacidosis
							Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Children
							Long-Term Outcome of Childhood Diabetes: Relation of Control to Development of Complications
							Type 2 Diabetes
							Other Diseases and Syndromes Associated With Diabetes
							Diabetes of the Newborn
							Hypoglycemia and Diabetes
							Pancreas and Islet Transplantation
	26- XXVI The Nervous System
		Chapter 608 - Neurologic Evaluation
			XXVI The Nervous System
				608 Neurologic Evaluation
					Keywords
					History
					Neurologic Examination
						Mental State
						Head
						Cranial Nerves
							Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
							Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II; see also Part XXVIII)
							Vision
							Oculomotor (Cranial Nerve III), Trochlear (Cranial Nerve IV), and Abducens (Cranial Nerve VI) Nerves
							Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)
							Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
							Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII)
							Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX)
							Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X)
							Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI)
							Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII)
						Motor Examination
							Bulk
							Tone
							Strength
							Involuntary Movements
						Sensory Examination
						Reflexes
							Deep Tendon Reflexes and the Plantar Response
							Primitive Reflexes
						Coordination
						Station and Gait
					General Examination
					Special Diagnostic Procedures
						Lumbar Puncture and Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination
						Neuroradiologic Procedures
						Electroencephalography
						Evoked Potentials
						Specific and General Genetic and Metabolic Testing
					Bibliography
		Chapter 609 - Congenital Anomalies of the Central Nervous System
			609 Congenital Anomalies of the Central Nervous System
				Keywords
				609.1 Neural Tube Defects
					Hydrocephalus
				609.2 Spina Bifida Occulta (Occult Spinal Dysraphism)
				609.3 Meningocele
				609.4 Myelomeningocele
					Etiology
					Prevention
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				609.5 Encephalocele
					Bibliography
				609.6 Anencephaly
				609.7 Disorders of Neuronal Migration
					Lissencephaly
					Schizencephaly
					Neuronal Heterotopias
					Polymicrogyrias
					Focal Cortical Dysplasias
					Porencephaly
					Bibliography
				609.8 Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
					Holoprosencephaly
					Bibliography
				609.9 Agenesis of the Cranial Nerves and Dysgenesis of the Posterior Fossa
					Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders
					Brainstem and Cerebellar Disorders
					Bibliography
				609.10 Microcephaly
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				609.11 Hydrocephalus
					Physiology
					Pathophysiology and Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Megalencephaly
					Hydranencephaly
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				609.12 Craniosynostosis
					Development and Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 610 - Deformational Plagiocephaly
			610 Deformational Plagiocephaly
				Keywords
				Epidemiology and Etiology
					Incidence
					Risk Factors
					Causes
				Examination and Differentiating Between Deformational Plagiocephaly and Craniosynostosis
					History and Physical Examination
				Treatment
					Prevention
					Treatment Options
				Outcomes
				Bibliography
		Chapter 611 - Seizures in Childhood
			611 Seizures in Childhood
				Keywords
				Evaluation of the First Seizure
				611.1 Febrile Seizures
					Keywords
					Genetic and Other Factors Leading to Febrile Seizures
					Evaluation
						Lumbar Puncture
						Electroencephalogram
						Blood Studies
						Neuroimaging
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				611.2 Unprovoked Seizures
					Keywords
					History and Examination
					Differential Diagnosis
					Long-Term Approach to the Patient and Additional Testing
					Bibliography
				611.3 Focal Seizures and Related Epilepsy Syndromes
					Keywords
					Focal Seizures With Preserved Awareness
					Focal Seizures With Impaired Awareness
					Focal to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic Seizures
					Benign Epilepsy Syndromes With Focal Seizures
					Severe Epilepsy Syndromes With Focal Seizures
					Bibliography
				611.4 Generalized Seizures and Related Epilepsy Syndromes
					Keywords
					Absence Seizures
					Generalized Motor Seizures
					Benign Generalized Epilepsies
					Severe Generalized Epilepsies
				611.5 Mechanisms of Seizures
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				611.6 Treatment of Seizures and Epilepsy
					Keywords
					Deciding on Long-Term Therapy
					Counseling
					Mechanisms of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs
					Choice of Drug According to Seizure Type and Epilepsy Syndrome
					Choice of Drug: Other Considerations
					Initiating and Monitoring Therapy
						Titration
						Monitoring
					Side Effects
					Additional Treatments
					Approach to Epilepsy Surgery
					Discontinuation of Therapy
					Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
					Bibliography
				611.7 Neonatal Seizures
					Keywords
					Pathophysiology
					Types of Neonatal Seizures
						Subtle Seizures
						Clonic Seizures
						Tonic Seizures
						Spasms
						Myoclonic Seizures
						Seizures Versus Jitteriness
					Etiology
						Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
						Vascular Events
						Intracranial Infections
						Brain Malformations
						Metabolic Disturbances
						Drug Withdrawal
						Neonatal Seizure Syndromes
						Miscellaneous Conditions
					Diagnosis
					Prognosis
					Treatment
						Lorazepam and Other Benzodiazepines
						Phenobarbital
						Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin
						Other Medications
						Duration of Therapy
					Bibliography
				611.8 Status Epilepticus
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Mechanisms
					Therapy
					Bibliography
				611.9 Reflex Seizures (Stimulus-Precipitated Seizures)
					Keyword
					Bibliography
				611.10 Nodding Syndrome
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 612 - Conditions That Mimic Seizures
			612 Conditions That Mimic Seizures
				Keywords
				Syncope and Other Generalized Paroxysms
					Apnea
					Breath-Holding Spells
					Compulsive Valsalva-Like Maneuver
					Neurally Mediated Syncope
					Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
					Cardiac Syncope
					Migraine and Migraine Variants
					Psychological Disorders
					Paroxysmal Extreme Pain Disorder
					Autonomic Storms
				Movement Disorders and Other Paroxysmal Movements and Postures
					Neonatal Jitteriness and Clonus
					Hyperekplexia (Stiff Baby Syndrome) and Pathologic Startles
					Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis of Infancy
					Sandifer Syndrome and Rumination
					Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood
					Paroxysmal Dyskinesias and Other Movement Disorders
					Motor Tics
					Episodic Ataxias
					Benign Motoric Paroxysms in Infancy
					Brainstem Dysfunction
					Psychological Disorders
				Oculomotor and Visual Abnormalities
					Paroxysmal Tonic Upgaze of Childhood
					Oculomotor Apraxia and Saccadic Intrusions
					Spasmus Nutans
					Opsoclonus–Myoclonus Syndrome
					Daydreaming and Behavioral Staring
					Visual Hallucinations
				Sleep-Related Disorders
					Benign Sleep Myoclonus and Neonatal Sleep Myoclonus
					Non-Rapid Eye Movement Partial Arousal Disorders
					Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disorders
					Sleep Transition Disorders
					Narcolepsy–Cataplexy Syndrome
				Bibliography
		Chapter 613 - Headaches
			613 Headaches
				Keywords
				613.1 Migraine
					Epidemiology
					Classification and Clinical Manifestations
						Migraine Without Aura
						Migraine With Aura
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Acute Treatment
						Emergency Department Treatments for Intractable Headaches
							Antidopaminergic Drugs: Prochlorperazine and Metoclopramide
							Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs: Ketorolac
							Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Valproate
							Triptans
							Dihydroergotamine (DHE)
						Inpatient Management of Intractable Migraine and Status Migrainosus
							Dihydroergotamine
							Sodium Valproate
							Other Inpatient Therapies
						Preventive Therapy
						Biobehavioral Therapy
						Young Adults and the Transition of Headache Care From a Pediatric to an Adult Provider
					Bibliography
				613.2 Secondary Headaches
					Bibliography
				613.3 Tension-Type Headaches
					Bibliography
		Chapter 614 - Neurocutaneous Syndromes
			614 Neurocutaneous Syndromes
				Keywords
				614.1 Neurofibromatosis
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Management
					Genetic Counseling
					Bibliography
				614.2 Tuberous Sclerosis
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
						Skin Lesions
						Other Organ Involvement
					Management
					Bibliography
				614.3 Sturge-Weber Syndrome
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Management
					Bibliography
				614.4 Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
					Bibliography
				614.5 Linear Nevus Sebaceous Syndrome
					Bibliography
				614.6 PHACE Syndrome
					Bibliography
				614.7 Incontinentia Pigmenti
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Management
					Bibliography
		Chapter 615 - Movement Disorders
			615 Movement Disorders
				Keywords
				615.1 Ataxias
					Bibliography
				615.2 Chorea, Athetosis, Tremor
					Bibliography
				615.3 Myoclonus
					Bibliography
				615.4 Dystonia
					Keywords
					Inherited Primary Dystonias
					Drug-Induced Dystonias
					Cerebral Palsy
					Metabolic Disorders
					Other Disorders
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 616 - Encephalopathies
			616 Encephalopathies
				Keywords
				616.1 Cerebral Palsy
					Epidemiology and Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				616.2 Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies
					Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes
					Myoclonic Epilepsy and Ragged Red Fibers
					Neuropathy, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP) Syndrome
					Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)
					Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS)
					Reversible Infantile Cytochrome C Oxidase Deficiency Myopathy
					Leigh Disease (Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyopathy)
					Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome
					Reye Syndrome
					Bibliography
				616.3 Other Encephalopathies
					Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Encephalopathy
					Lead Encephalopathy
					Burn Encephalopathy
					Hypertensive Encephalopathy
					Radiation Encephalopathy
					Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy
					Cystic Leukoencephalopathy
					Bibliography
				616.4 Autoimmune Encephalitis
					Keywords
					Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
					Other Types of Encephalitis Associated With Antibodies Against Neuronal Cell Surface Antigens
					Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes With Encephalopathy
					Hashimoto Encephalopathy
					Opsoclonus–Myoclonus and Other Types of Brainstem–Cerebellar Encephalitis
					Bickerstaff Encephalitis
					Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation With Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids
					Autoimmune Encephalopathies Associated With Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus
					Other Suspected Types of Autoimmune Encephalitis
					Bibliography
		Chapter 617 - Neurodegenerative Disorders of Childhood
			617 Neurodegenerative Disorders of Childhood
				617.1 Sphingolipidoses
					Keywords
					Gangliosidoses
						GM1 Gangliosidoses
						GM2 Gangliosidoses
					Krabbe Disease (Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy)
					Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
					Bibliography
				617.2 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				617.3 Adrenoleukodystrophy
				617.4 Sialidosis
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				617.5 Miscellaneous Neurodegenerative Disorders
					Keywords
					Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
					Alexander Disease
					Canavan Spongy Degeneration
					Other Leukodystrophies
					Menkes Disease
					Rett Syndrome
					Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation
					Bibliography
		Chapter 618 - Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System
			618 Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System
				Keywords
				618.1 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Neuroimaging
					Laboratory Findings
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				618.2 Optic Neuritis
					Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation
					Diagnostic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				618.3 Transverse Myelitis
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnostic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				618.4 Multiple Sclerosis
					Epidemiology and Risk Factors
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Imaging and Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				618.5 Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Imaging and Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				618.6 Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein–Associated Disorders
					Clinical Presentation
					Imaging and Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 619 - Pediatric Stroke
			619 Pediatric Stroke
				Keywords
				619.1 Arterial Ischemic Stroke
					Perinatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke
					Bibliography
				619.2 Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				619.3 Spinal Cord Lesions Associated With Vascular Processes
					Keywords
					Vasculitic Processes: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
					Spinal Cord Embolism
						Clinical Manifestations
						Investigations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				619.4 Hemorrhagic Stroke
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				619.5 Differential Diagnosis of Stroke-Like Events
					Migraine
					Seizure
					Infection
					Demyelination
					Hypoglycemia
					Global Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
					Hypertensive Encephalopathy
					Inborn Errors of Metabolism
					Vestibulopathy and Ataxia
					Channelopathies
					Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood
		Chapter 620 - Central Nervous System Vasculitis
			620 Central Nervous System Vasculitis
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 621 - Central Nervous System Infections
			621 Central Nervous System Infections
				Keywords
				621.1 Acute Bacterial Meningitis Beyond the Neonatal Period
					Epidemiology
						Streptococcus pneumoniae
						Neisseria meningitidis
						Haemophilus influenzae Type b
					Pathology and Pathophysiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
						Lumbar Puncture
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
						Initial Antibiotic Therapy
						Duration of Antibiotic Therapy
						Corticosteroids
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Prevention
						Neisseria meningitidis
						Haemophilus influenzae Type B
						Streptococcus pneumoniae
					Bibliography
				621.2 Viral Meningoencephalitis
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis and Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Differential Diagnosis
						Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Prevention
					Bibliography
				621.3 Eosinophilic Meningitis
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
		Chapter 622 - Brain Abscess
			622 Brain Abscess
				Keywords
				Pathology
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 623 - Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)
			623 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 624 - Spinal Cord Disorders
			624 Spinal Cord Disorders
				Keywords
				624.1 Tethered Cord
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnostic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Outcome
					Bibliography
				624.2 Diastematomyelia (Split-Cord Malformation)
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnostic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				624.3 Syringomyelia
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnostic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				624.4 Spinal Cord Tumors
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnostic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Outcome
					Bibliography
				624.5 Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations
					Diagnostic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
	27- XXVII Neuromuscular Disorders
		Chapter 625 - Evaluation and Investigation of Neuromuscular Disorders
			XXVII Neuromuscular Disorders
				625 Evaluation and Investigation of Neuromuscular Disorders
					Genetic Testing
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
						Serum Enzymes
						Molecular Genetic Markers
						Nerve Conduction Velocity
						Electromyography
					Imaging of Muscles and the Central Nervous System
					Muscle Biopsy
					Nerve Biopsy
					Cardiac Assessment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 626 - Developmental Disorders of Muscle
			626 Developmental Disorders of Muscle
				Myogenic Regulatory Genes and Genetic Loci of Inherited Diseases of Muscle
				Treatment of Congenital Myopathies
				626.1 Myotubular Myopathy (Centronuclear Myopathy)
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis
					Genetics
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				626.2 Congenital Muscle Fiber–Type Disproportion
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis
					Genetics
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				626.3 Nemaline Rod Myopathy
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Genetics
					Treatment and Prognosis
					Bibliography
				626.4 Core Myopathies
					Clinical Manifestations
						Central Core Disease
						Multiminicore Disease
					Laboratory Findings
					Genetics
					Treatment and Prognosis
					Bibliography
				626.5 Myofibrillar Myopathies
					Clinical Manifestations and MFM Subtypes According to Genetic Background
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				626.6 Brain Malformations and Muscle Development
					Bibliography
				626.7 Amyoplasia
					Bibliography
				626.8 Muscular Dysgenesis (Proteus Syndrome Myopathy)
					Bibliography
				626.9 Benign Congenital Hypotonia
					Bibliography
				626.10 Arthrogryposis
					Fetal Movement and the Link to Arthrogryposis
					Basic Categories, Etiologies, and Classifications
					Diagnostic Approach and Laboratory Evaluation
					Differential Diagnosis
					Genetic Counseling and Prenatal Diagnosis
					Management
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 627 - Muscular Dystrophies
			627 Muscular Dystrophies
				Keywords
				627.1 Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis
					Genetic Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				627.2 Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy/Laminopathies
					Genetics
					Diagnostics
					Bibliography
				627.3 Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis
					Genetics
					Treatment
					Other Myotonic Syndromes
					Bibliography
				627.4 Limb–Girdle Muscular Dystrophies
					Bibliography
				627.5 Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				627.6 Congenital Muscular Dystrophies
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 628 - Endocrine and Toxic Myopathies
			628 Endocrine and Toxic Myopathies
				Thyroid Myopathies
				Steroid-Hormone Induced Myopathy
				Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis With Myoglobinuria
				Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Toxic Myopathies
				Critical Illness Myopathy
				Bibliography
		Chapter 629 - Metabolic Myopathies and Channelopathies
			629 Metabolic Myopathies and Channelopathies
				629.1 Periodic Paralyses and Other Muscle Channelopathies
					Treatment
					Other Muscle Channelopathies
					Bibliography
				629.2 Malignant Hyperthermia
					Bibliography
				629.3 Glycogenoses
					Bibliography
				629.4 Mitochondrial Myopathies
					Investigations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				629.5 Lipid Myopathies
					Bibliography
				629.6 Vitamin E Deficiency Myopathy
					Bibliography
		Chapter 630 - Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission and of Motor Neurons
			630 Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission and of Motor Neurons
				630.1 Myasthenia Gravis
					Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes
					Rare Other Causes of Myasthenia
					Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
						Recommendations on the Use of Cholinesterase Inhibitors as a Diagnostic Test for MG in Infants and Children
							Children Two Years of Age and Older
							Children Younger Than Two Years of Age
					Treatment
					Complications
					Prognosis
					Other Causes of Neuromuscular Blockade
					Bibliography
				630.2 Spinal Muscular Atrophies
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations and Course
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis
					Genetics
					Management
						Therapeutic Advances
					Bibliography
				630.3 Other Motor Neuron Diseases
					Bibliography
		Chapter 631 - Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies
			631 Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies
				631.1 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, HMSN Type IIa)
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				631.2 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Axonal Type)
					Bibliography
				631.3 Congenital Hypomyelinating Neuropathy and Déjèrine-Sottas Disease (HMSN Type III)
					Bibliography
				631.4 Roussy-Lévy Syndrome
				631.5 Refsum Disease (HMSN Type IV) and Infantile Refsum Disease
					Bibliography
				631.6 Fabry Disease
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				631.7 Giant Axonal Neuropathy
					Bibliography
				631.8 Hypermyelinating (Tomaculous) Neuropathy; Hereditary Neuropathy With Liability to Pressure Palsies
					Bibliography
				631.9 Leukodystrophies
				Bibliography
		Chapter 632 - Toxic Neuropathies
			632 Toxic Neuropathies
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 633 - Autonomic Neuropathies
			633 Autonomic Neuropathies
				Keywords
				633.1 Familial Dysautonomia
					Pathology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				633.2 Other Autonomic Neuropathies
					Congenital Insensitivity to Pain and Anhidrosis
					Allgrove Syndrome (Triple a Syndrome)
					Bibliography
		Chapter 634 - Guillain-Barré Syndrome
			634 Guillain-Barré Syndrome
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Laboratory Findings and Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 635 - Bell Palsy
			635 Bell Palsy
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Facial Palsy at Birth
				Bibliography
	28- XXVIII Disorders of the Eye
		Chapter 636 - Growth and Development of the Eye
			XXVIII Disorders of the Eye
				636 Growth and Development of the Eye
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 637 - Examination of the Eye
			637 Examination of the Eye
				Keywords
				Visual Acuity
				Visual Field Assessment
				Color Vision Testing
				Pupillary Examination
				Ocular Motility
				Binocular Vision
				External Examination
				Biomicroscopy (Slit-Lamp Examination)
				Fundus Examination (Ophthalmoscopy)
				Refraction
				Tonometry
				Bibliography
		Chapter 638 - Abnormalities of Refraction and Accommodation
			638 Abnormalities of Refraction and Accommodation
				Keywords
				Hyperopia
				Myopia
				Astigmatism
				Anisometropia
				Accommodation
				Bibliography
		Chapter 639 - Disorders of Vision
			639 Disorders of Vision
				Keywords
				Amblyopia
				Diplopia
				Suppression
				Amaurosis
				Nyctalopia
				Psychogenic Disturbances
				Dyslexia
				Bibliography
		Chapter 640 - Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris
			640 Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris
				Keywords
				Aniridia
				Coloboma of the Iris
				Microcoria
				Congenital Mydriasis
				Dyscoria and Corectopia
				Anisocoria
				Dilated Fixed Pupil
				Tonic Pupil
				Marcus Gunn Pupil
				Horner Syndrome
				Paradoxical Pupil Reaction
				Persistent Pupillary Membrane
				Heterochromia
				Other Iris Lesions
				Leukocoria
				Bibliography
		Chapter 641 - Disorders of Eye Movement and Alignment
			641 Disorders of Eye Movement and Alignment
				Keywords
				Strabismus
					Diagnosis
					Clinical Manifestations and Treatment
						Comitant Strabismus
						Noncomitant Strabismus
						3rd Nerve Palsy
						4th Nerve Palsy
						6th Nerve Palsy
					Strabismus Syndromes
						Monocular Elevation Deficiency
						Duane Syndrome
						Möbius Syndrome
						Brown Syndrome
						Parinaud Syndrome
				Congenital Ocular Motor Apraxia
				Nystagmus
				Other Abnormal Eye Movements
					Opsoclonus
					Ocular Motor Dysmetria
					Flutter-Like Oscillations
				Bibliography
		Chapter 642 - Abnormalities of the Lids
			642 Abnormalities of the Lids
				Keywords
				Ptosis
				Epicanthal Folds
				Lagophthalmos
				Lid Retraction
				Ectropion, Entropion, and Epiblepharon
				Blepharospasm
				Blepharitis
				Hordeolum (Stye)
				Chalazion
				Coloboma of the Eyelid
				Tumors of the Lid
				Bibliography
		Chapter 643 - Disorders of the Lacrimal System
			643 Disorders of the Lacrimal System
				Keywords
				The Tear Film
				Dacryostenosis
				Alacrima and “Dry Eye”
				Bibliography
		Chapter 644 - Disorders of the Conjunctiva
			644 Disorders of the Conjunctiva
				Keywords
				Conjunctivitis
					Ophthalmia Neonatorum
						Epidemiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis and Prevention
					Acute Purulent Conjunctivitis
					Viral Conjunctivitis
					Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
					Membranous and Pseudomembranous Conjunctivitis
					Allergic Conjunctivitis
					Vernal Conjunctivitis
					Parinaud Oculoglandular Syndrome
					Chemical Conjunctivitis
					Other Conjunctival Disorders
				Bibliography
		Chapter 645 - Abnormalities of the Cornea
			645 Abnormalities of the Cornea
				Keywords
				Megalocornea
				Microcornea
				Keratoconus
				Neonatal Corneal Opacities
				Sclerocornea
				Peters Anomaly
				Corneal Dystrophies
				Dermoids
				Dendritic Keratitis
				Corneal Ulcers
				Phlyctenules
				Interstitial Keratitis
				Corneal Manifestations of Systemic Disease
				Bibliography
		Chapter 646 - Abnormalities of the Lens
			646 Abnormalities of the Lens
				Keywords
				Cataracts
					Differential Diagnosis
					Developmental Variants
					Prematurity
					Mendelian Inheritance
					Congenital Infection Syndrome
					Metabolic Disorders
					Chromosomal Defects
					Drugs, Toxic Agents, and Trauma
					Miscellaneous Disorders
						Treatment
						Prognosis
				Ectopia Lentis
					Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment and Prognosis
				Other Disorders of the Lens
					Microspherophakia
					Anterior Lenticonus
					Posterior Lenticonus
				Bibliography
		Chapter 647 - Disorders of the Uveal Tract
			647 Disorders of the Uveal Tract
				Keywords
				Uveitis (Iritis, Cyclitis, Chorioretinitis)
					Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 648 - Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous
			648 Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous
				Keywords
				Retinopathy of Prematurity
					Pathogenesis
					Classification
					Clinical Manifestations and Prognosis
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prevention
				Persistent Fetal Vasculature
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
				Retinoblastoma
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Retinitis Pigmentosa
				Stargardt Disease (Fundus Flavimaculatus)
				Best Vitelliform Degeneration
				Cherry-Red Spot
				Phakomas
				Retinoschisis
				Retinal Detachment
				Coats Disease
				Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy
				Hypertensive Retinopathy
				Diabetic Retinopathy
					Treatment
				Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
				Blood Disorders
				Trauma-Related Retinopathy
				Myelinated Nerve Fibers
				Coloboma of the Fundus
				Bibliography
		Chapter 649 - Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve
			649 Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve
				Keywords
				Optic Nerve Aplasia
				Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
				Optic Nerve Coloboma
				Morning Glory Disc Anomaly
				Tilted Disc
				Drusen of the Optic Nerve
				Papilledema
				Optic Neuritis
				Leber Optic Neuropathy
				Optic Atrophy
				Optic Nerve Glioma
				Traumatic Optic Neuropathies
				Bibliography
		Chapter 650 - Childhood Glaucoma
			650 Childhood Glaucoma
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis and Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 651 - Orbital Abnormalities
			651 Orbital Abnormalities
				Keywords
				Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism
				Exophthalmos and Enophthalmos
				Orbital Inflammation
				Tumors of the Orbit
				Bibliography
		Chapter 652 - Orbital Infections
			652 Orbital Infections
				Keywords
				Dacryoadenitis
				Dacryocystitis
				Preseptal Cellulitis
				Orbital Cellulitis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 653 - Injuries to the Eye
			653 Injuries to the Eye
				Keywords
				Ecchymosis and Swelling of the Eyelids
				Lacerations of the Eyelids
				Superficial Abrasions of the Cornea
				Foreign Body Involving the Ocular Surface
				Hyphema
				Open Globe
				Optic Nerve Trauma
				Chemical Injuries
				Orbital Fractures
				Penetrating Wounds of the Orbit
				Child Abuse
				Fireworks-Related Injuries
				Sports-Related Ocular Injuries and Their Prevention
				Handheld Laser Retinal Injury
				Bibliography
	29- XXIX The Ear
		Chapter 654 - General Considerations and Evaluation of the Ear
			XXIX The Ear
				654 General Considerations and Evaluation of the Ear
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Facial Paralysis
					Physical Examination
					Bibliography
		Chapter 655 - Hearing Loss
			655 Hearing Loss
				Keywords
				Incidence and Prevalence
				Types of Hearing Loss
				Etiology
					Infectious Causes
					Genetic Causes
					Physical Causes
				Effects of Hearing Impairment
				Hearing Screening
				Identification of Hearing Impairment
				Clinical Audiologic Evaluation
					Audiometry
					Speech-Recognition Threshold
					Play Audiometry
					Visual Reinforcement Audiometry
					Behavioral Observation Audiometry
					Acoustic Immittance Testing
						Tympanometry
						Tympanometry in Otitis Media With Effusion
						Acoustic Reflex Threshold Test
					Auditory Brainstem Response
					Otoacoustic Emissions
				Treatment
				Genetic Counseling
				Bibliography
		Chapter 656 - Congenital Malformations of the Ear
			656 Congenital Malformations of the Ear
				Keywords
				Pinna Malformations
				Congenital Stenosis or Atresia of the External Auditory Canal
				Congenital Middle-Ear Malformations
				Congenital Inner Ear Malformations
				Congenital Cholesteatoma
				Bibliography
		Chapter 657 - External Otitis (Otitis Externa)
			657 External Otitis (Otitis Externa)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Other Diseases of the External Ear
					Furunculosis
					Acute Cellulitis
					Perichondritis and Chondritis
					Dermatoses
					Herpes Simplex Virus
					Bullous Myringitis
					Exostoses and Osteomas
				Bibliography
		Chapter 658 - Otitis Media
			658 Otitis Media
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
					Age
					Gender
					Race
					Genetic Background
					Socioeconomic Status
					Breast Milk Compared With Formula Feeding
					Exposure to Tobacco Smoke
					Exposure to Other Children
					Season
					Congenital Anomalies
					Other Factors
				Etiology
					Acute Otitis Media
					Otitis Media With Effusion
				Pathogenesis
					Anatomic Factors
					Host Factors
					Viral Pathogens
					Allergy
				Clinical Manifestations
				Examination of the Tympanic Membrane
					Otoscopy
					Clearing the External Auditory Canal
					Tympanic Membrane Findings
					Diagnosis
					Conjunctivitis-Associated Otitis Media
					Asymptomatic Purulent Otitis Media
					Tympanometry
				Prevention
				Immunoprophylaxis and Vaccination Status
				Treatment
					Management of Acute Otitis Media
					Bacterial Resistance
					First-Line Antimicrobial Treatment
					Duration of Treatment
					Follow-Up
					Unsatisfactory Response to First-Line Treatment
					Second-Line Treatment
				Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
					Myringotomy and Tympanocentesis
					Early Recurrence After Treatment
					Myringotomy and Insertion of Tympanostomy Tubes
					Tube Otorrhea
				Management of Otitis Media With Effusion
					Variables Influencing Otitis Media With Effusion Management Decisions
					Medical Treatment
					Myringotomy and Insertion of Tympanostomy Tubes
					Adenoidectomy
					Complications of Acute Otitis Media
					Intratemporal Complications
					Infectious Dermatitis
					Tympanic Membrane Perforation
					Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
					Mastoiditis
					Facial Paralysis
					Cholesteatoma
					Labyrinthitis
				Intracranial Complications
					Physical Sequelae
				Possible Developmental Sequelae
				Bibliography
		Chapter 659 - Acute Mastoiditis
			659 Acute Mastoiditis
				Keywords
				Anatomy
				Epidemiology
				Microbiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Imaging
				Management
				Special Situations
				Bibliography
		Chapter 660 - The Inner Ear and Diseases of the Bony Labyrinth
			660 The Inner Ear and Diseases of the Bony Labyrinth
				Keywords
				Other Diseases of the Inner Ear
				Bibliography
		Chapter 661 - Traumatic Injuries of the Ear and Temporal Bone
			661 Traumatic Injuries of the Ear and Temporal Bone
				Keywords
				Auricle and External Auditory Canal
				Tympanic Membrane and Middle Ear
				Temporal Bone Fractures
				Acoustic Trauma
				Bibliography
		Chapter 662 - Tumors of the Ear and Temporal Bone
			662 Tumors of the Ear and Temporal Bone
				Keywords
				Bibliography
Volume 5 -  Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics  21th ed  2020   Original PDF.pdf (p.6126-6882)
	cover
	Contents
	30- XXX The Skin
		Chapter 663 - Morphology of the Skin
			XXX The Skin
				663 Morphology of the Skin
					Keywords
					Epidermis
					Dermis
					Subcutaneous Tissue
					Appendageal Structures
						Hair Follicles
						Sebaceous Glands
						Apocrine Glands
						Eccrine Sweat Glands
						Nails
					Bibliography
		Chapter 664 - Dermatologic Evaluation of the Patient
			664 Dermatologic Evaluation of the Patient
				Keywords
				History and Physical Examination
				Biopsy of Skin
				Wood Lamp
				Potassium Hydroxide Preparation
				Tzanck Smear
				Immunofluorescence Studies
				664.1 Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic Diseases
					Connective Tissue Diseases
						Lupus Erythematosus
							Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
							Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus
							Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
						Juvenile Dermatomyositis
						Systemic Sclerosis
						Morphea
					Vasculitides
						Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis)
						Kawasaki Disease
						Behçet Disease
					Gastrointestinal Diseases
						Inflammatory Bowel Disease
					Cutaneous Manifestations of Malignancy
						Sweet Syndrome
						Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
						Necrolytic Migratory Erythema (Glucagonoma Syndrome)
							Erythromelalgia
					Cutaneous Reactions in the Setting of Immunosuppression
						Medication Reactions
						Graft Versus Host Disease
				664.2 Multisystem Medication Reactions
					Drug Rash With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS Syndrome)
					Serum Sickness–Like Reaction
						Fixed-Drug Eruption
					Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 665 - Principles of Dermatologic Therapy
			665 Principles of Dermatologic Therapy
				Keywords
				Wet Dressings
				Bath Oils, Colloids, Soaps
				Lubricants
				Shampoos
				Shake Lotions
				Powders
				Pastes
				Keratolytic Agents
				Tar Compounds
				Antifungal Agents
				Topical Antibiotics
				Topical Corticosteroids
				Topical Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents
				Sunscreens
				Laser Therapy
				Bibliography
		Chapter 666 - Dermatologic Diseases of the Neonate
			666 Dermatologic Diseases of the Neonate
				Keywords
				Sebaceous Hyperplasia
				Milia
				Sucking Blisters
				Cutis Marmorata
				Harlequin Color Change
				Nevus Simplex (Salmon Patch)
				Dermal Melanocytosis (Mongolian Spots)
				Erythema Toxicum
				Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis
				Infantile Acropustulosis
				Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 667 - Cutaneous Defects
			667 Cutaneous Defects
				Keywords
				Skin Dimples
				Redundant Skin
				Amniotic Constriction Bands
				Preauricular Sinuses and Pits
				Accessory Tragi
				Branchial Cleft and Thyroglossal Cysts and Sinuses
				Supernumerary Nipples
				Aplasia Cutis Congenita (Congenital Absence of Skin)
				Focal Facial Dermal Dysplasias
				Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (Goltz-Gorlin Syndrome)
				Dyskeratosis Congenita (Zinsser-Engman-Cole Syndrome)
				Cutis Verticis Gyrata
				Bibliography
		Chapter 668 - Ectodermal Dysplasias
			668 Ectodermal Dysplasias
				Keywords
				Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
				Hidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (Clouston Syndrome)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 669 - Vascular Disorders
			669 Vascular Disorders
				Keywords
				Vascular Malformations
					Capillary Malformation (Port-Wine Stain)
					Venous Malformation
				Lymphatic Malformations
				Arteriovenous Malformation
				Klippel-Trenaunay and Parkes-Weber Syndromes
					Angiokeratoma Circumscriptum
					Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita
						Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome
				Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis
				Nevus Anemicus
				Vascular Tumors
					Infantile Hemangioma
					Multifocal Infantile Hemangioma
					Congenital Hemangioma
					Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma
					Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon
						Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma)
						Angiokeratoma of Mibelli
						Spider Angioma
						Maffucci Syndrome
						Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu Disease)
						Ataxia-Telangiectasia
						Angiokeratoma Corporis Diffusum (Fabry Disease)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 670 - Cutaneous Nevi
			670 Cutaneous Nevi
				Keywords
				Acquired Melanocytic Nevus
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Prognosis and Treatment
				Atypical Melanocytic Nevus
				Congenital Melanocytic Nevus
				Melanoma
				Halo Nevus
				Spitz Nevus (Spindle and Epithelioid Cell Nevus)
				Zosteriform Lentiginous Nevus (Agminated Lentigines)
				Nevus Spilus (Speckled Lentiginous Nevus)
				Nevus of Ota and Nevus of Ito
				Blue Nevi
				Nevus Depigmentosus (Achromic Nevus)
				Epidermal Nevi
					Nevus Sebaceus (Jadassohn)
					Becker Nevus (Becker Melanosis)
				Nevus Comedonicus
				Connective Tissue Nevus
				Smooth Muscle Hamartoma
				Bibliography
		Chapter 671 - Hyperpigmented Lesions
			671 Hyperpigmented Lesions
				Keywords
				Disorders of Pigment
				Ephelides (Freckles)
				Lentigines
				Café-Au-Lait Spots
					Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (Von Recklinghausen Disease)
				Incontinentia Pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger Disease)
				PostInflammatory Pigmentary Changes
				Bibliography
		Chapter 672 - Hypopigmented Lesions
			672 Hypopigmented Lesions
				Keywords
				Albinism
					Oculocutaneous Albinism With Melanosomal Abnormalities
				Melanoblast Migration Abnormalities
					Piebaldism
					Waardenburg Syndrome
					Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC1, TSC2 Genes)
					Hypomelanosis of Ito
					Vitiligo
						Epidemiology and Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 673 - Vesiculobullous Disorders
			673 Vesiculobullous Disorders
				Keywords
				673.1 Erythema Multiforme
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
						Pathogenesis
						Pathology
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Bibliography
				673.2 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
					Keywords
					Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Pathogenesis
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Bibliography
				673.3 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
					Keywords
					Epidemiology and Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				673.4 Mechanobullous Disorders
					Keywords
					Epidermolysis Bullosa
					Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex
					Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
					Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa
					Kindler Syndrome
					Bibliography
				673.5 Pemphigus
					Keywords
					Pemphigus Vulgaris
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Pathology
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Pemphigus Foliaceus
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Pathology
						Differential Diagnosis
					Bullous Pemphigoid
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Pathology
						Diagnosis and Differential Diagnoses
						Treatment
					Bibliography
				673.6 Dermatitis Herpetiformis
					Keywords
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Pathology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				673.7 Linear Immunoglobulin A Dermatosis (Chronic Bullous Dermatosis of Childhood)
					Keywords
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Pathology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 674 - Eczematous Disorders
			674 Eczematous Disorders
				Keywords
				674.1 Contact Dermatitis
					Irritant Contact Dermatitis
					Diaper Dermatitis
					Allergic Contact Dermatitis
					Bibliography
				674.2 Nummular Eczema
					Bibliography
				674.3 Pityriasis Alba
					Bibliography
				674.4 Lichen Simplex Chronicus
				674.5 Acute Palmoplantar Eczema (Dyshidrotic Eczema, Dyshidrosis, Pompholyx)
					Bibliography
				674.6 Seborrheic Dermatitis
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 675 - Photosensitivity
			675 Photosensitivity
				Keywords
				Acute Sunburn Reaction
				Photosensitive Reactions
				Porphyrias
				Colloid Milium
				Hydroa Vacciniforme
				Solar Urticaria
				Polymorphous Light Eruption
				Actinic Prurigo
				Cockayne Syndrome
				Xeroderma Pigmentosum
				Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome
				Bloom Syndrome
				Hartnup Disease
				Bibliography
		Chapter 676 - Diseases of the Epidermis
			676 Diseases of the Epidermis
				Keywords
				676.1 Psoriasis
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Pathology
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				676.2 Pityriasis Lichenoides
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Pathology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				676.3 Keratosis Pilaris
				676.4 Lichen Spinulosus
				676.5 Pityriasis Rosea
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				676.6 Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Histology
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				676.7 Darier Disease (Keratosis Follicularis)
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				676.8 Lichen Nitidus
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Histology
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				676.9 Lichen Striatus
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				676.10 Lichen Planus
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				676.11 Porokeratosis
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Prognosis
					Bibliography
				676.12 Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome (Papular Acrodermatitis)
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				676.13 Acanthosis Nigricans
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 677 - Disorders of Keratinization
			677 Disorders of Keratinization
				Keywords
				Disorders of Cornification
				Collodion Baby
				Nonsyndromic Ichthyoses
					Ichthyosis Vulgaris
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					X-Linked Ichthyosis
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
				Autosomal Recessive Congenital Ichthyoses
					Harlequin Ichthyosis
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Lamellar Ichthyosis and Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma (Nonbullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma)
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
				Keratinopathic Ichthyoses
					Epidermolytic Ichthyosis (Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma; Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis)
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histopathology
						Treatment
				Other Nonsyndromic Ichthyoses
					Erythrokeratoderma Variabilis
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Symmetric Progressive Erythrokeratoderma
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
				Syndromic Ichthyoses
					Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Netherton Syndrome
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Refsum Syndrome
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Chondrodysplasia Punctata
						Etiology/Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
				Other Syndromes With Ichthyosis
					Palmoplantar Keratodermas
					Diffuse Hyperkeratosis of Palms and Soles (Unna-Thost, Vorner)
					Mal De Meleda (SLURP-1 Gene)
					Vohwinkel Palmoplantar Keratoderma (Mutilating Keratoderma)
					Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome (Cathepsin C Gene)
					Other Syndromes
						Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 678 - Diseases of the Dermis
			678 Diseases of the Dermis
				Keywords
				Keloid
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Striae Cutis Distensae (Stretch Marks)
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Corticosteroid-Induced Atrophy
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Treatment
				Granuloma Annulare
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Histology
					Treatment
				Necrobiosis Lipoidica
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Lichen Sclerosus
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Histology
					Treatment
				Morphea
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Histology
					Treatment
				Scleredema (Scleredema Adultorum, Scleredema of Buschke)
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Histology
					Treatment
				Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe Disease, Hyalinosis Cutis Et Mucosae)
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Treatment
				Macular Atrophy (Anetoderma)
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Cutis Laxa (Dermatomegaly, Generalized Elastolysis)
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Treatment
				Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Pathology
					Treatment
				Elastosis Perforans Serpiginosa
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Reactive Perforating Collagenosis
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Xanthomas
				Fabry Disease
				Mucopolysaccharidoses
				Mastocytosis
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Prognosis
					Treatment
				678.1 Mast Cell Activation Syndrome
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 679 - Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
			679 Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
				Keywords
				Classification of the 6 Most Common Subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
					Classic (Genes: COL5a1, COL5a2, COL1a1; Previously EDS Type I—Gravis, EDS Type II—Mitis)
					Hypermobile (Cause Unknown, Previously EDS Type III)
					Vascular (vEDS) (Gene: COL3a1; Previously EDS Type IV)
					Kyphoscoliosis (Gene: PLOD [Lysyl Hydroxylase Deficiency]; Previously EDS Type VI)
					Arthrochalasia (Gene: COL1a1, COL1a2; Previously EDS Types VIIA and B)
					Dermatosparaxis (Type 1 Collagen N-Peptidase; Previously EDS Type VIIC)
				Differential Diagnosis
				General Approach to Management
				Bibliography
		Chapter 680 - Diseases of Subcutaneous Tissue
			680 Diseases of Subcutaneous Tissue
				Keywords
				Corticosteroid-Induced Atrophy
				680.1 Panniculitis and Erythema Nodosum
					Erythema Nodosum
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Treatment
					Post-Steroid Panniculitis
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Treatment
					Lupus Erythematosus Profundus (Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis)
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Treatment
					Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Treatment
					Pancreatic Panniculitis
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Treatment
					Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Sclerema Neonatorum
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Treatment
					Cold Panniculitis
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Chilblains (Pernio)
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Factitial Panniculitis
						Etiology and Pathogenesis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Histology
						Treatment
					Bibliography
				680.2 Lipodystrophy
					Partial Lipodystrophy
					Generalized Lipodystrophy
					Bibliography
		Chapter 681 - Disorders of the Sweat Glands
			681 Disorders of the Sweat Glands
				Keywords
				Anhidrosis
				Hyperhidrosis
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
				Miliaria
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Bromhidrosis
				Hidradenitis Suppurativa
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Fox-Fordyce Disease
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 682 - Disorders of Hair
			682 Disorders of Hair
				Keywords
				Hypertrichosis
				Hypotrichosis and Alopecia
				Traumatic Alopecia (Traction Alopecia, Hair Pulling, Trichotillomania)
					Traction Alopecia
					Hair Pulling
						Trichotillomania
							Etiology and Pathogenesis.
							Clinical Manifestations.
							Differential Diagnosis.
							Histology.
							Treatment.
				Alopecia Areata
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Histology
					Treatment
				Acquired Diffuse Hair Loss
					Telogen Effluvium
					Toxic Alopecia (Anagen Effluvium)
				Congenital Diffuse Hair Loss
					Structural Defects of Hair
					Trichorrhexis Nodosa
						Acquired Trichorrhexis Nodosa
					Pili Torti
					Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome (Trichopoliodystrophy)
					Monilethrix
					Trichothiodystrophy
					Trichorrhexis Invaginata (Bamboo Hair)
					Pili Annulati
					Woolly Hair Disease
					Uncombable Hair Syndrome (Spun-Glass Hair)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 683 - Disorders of the Nails
			683 Disorders of the Nails
				Keywords
				Abnormalities in Nail Shape or Size
				Changes in Nail Color
				Nail Separation
				Nail Changes Associated With Skin Disease
				Trachyonychia (20-Nail Dystrophy)
				Nail Infection
				Paronychial Inflammation
				Paronychial Tumors
				Bibliography
		Chapter 684 - Disorders of the Mucous Membranes
			684 Disorders of the Mucous Membranes
				Keywords
				Angular Cheilitis
				Aphthous Stomatitis (Canker Sores)
				Fordyce Spots
				Epstein Pearls (Gingival Cysts of the Newborn)
				Mucocele
				Fissured Tongue
				Geographic Tongue (Benign Migratory Glossitis)
				Black Hairy Tongue
				Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
				Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (Vincent Stomatitis, Fusospirochetal Gingivitis, Trench Mouth)
				Noma
				Cowden Syndrome (Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 685 - Cutaneous Bacterial Infections
			685 Cutaneous Bacterial Infections
				Keywords
				685.1 Impetigo
					Etiology/Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
						Nonbullous Impetigo
						Bullous Impetigo
						Differential Diagnosis
					Complications
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				685.2 Subcutaneous Tissue Infections
					Cellulitis
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Necrotizing Fasciitis
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Diagnosis
						Treatment
						Prognosis
					Bibliography
				685.3 Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter Disease)
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Histology
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				685.4 Ecthyma
					Bibliography
				685.5 Other Cutaneous Bacterial Infections
					Blastomycosis-Like Pyoderma (Pyoderma Vegetans)
					Blistering Distal Dactylitis
					Perianal Infectious Dermatitis
					Erysipelas
					Folliculitis
					Abscesses and Furuncles
						Etiology
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Pitted Keratolysis
					Erythrasma
					Erysipeloid
					Tuberculosis of the Skin
					Bibliography
		Chapter 686 - Cutaneous Fungal Infections
			686 Cutaneous Fungal Infections
				Keywords
				Tinea Versicolor
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Dermatophytoses
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Tinea Capitis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Tinea Corporis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Tinea Cruris
						Clinical Manifestations
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Tinea Pedis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Tinea Unguium
						Clinical Manifestations
						Differential Diagnosis
						Treatment
					Tinea Nigra Palmaris
				Candidal Infections (Candidosis, Candidiasis, and Moniliasis)
					Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)
					Vaginal Candidiasis
					Congenital Cutaneous Candidiasis
					Candidal Diaper Dermatitis
					Intertriginous Candidiasis
					Perianal Candidiasis
					Candidal Paronychia and Onychia
					Candidal Granuloma
				Bibliography
		Chapter 687 - Cutaneous Viral Infections
			687 Cutaneous Viral Infections
				Keywords
				Wart (Verruca)
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Histology
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
				Molluscum Contagiosum
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Histology
					Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 688 - Arthropod Bites and Infestations
			688 Arthropod Bites and Infestations
				Keywords
				688.1 Arthropod Bites
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
					Bibliography
						Arthropod Bites
				688.2 Scabies
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Differential Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Norwegian (Crusted) Scabies
					Canine Scabies
					Other Types of Scabies
					Bibliography
						Scabies
				688.3 Pediculosis
					Bibliography
						Pediculosis
				688.4 Seabather’s Eruption
		Chapter 689 - Acne
			689 Acne
				Keywords
				Acne Vulgaris
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
						Diet
						Climate
						Cleansing
						Topical Therapy
							Retinoids.
							Benzoyl Peroxide.
							Topical Antibiotics.
							Azelaic Acid.
						Systemic Therapy
						Surgical Therapy
				Drug-Induced Acne
				Halogen Acne
				Chloracne
				Neonatal Acne
				Infantile Acne
				Mid-Childhood Acne
				Tropical Acne
				Acne Conglobata
				Acne Fulminans (Acute Febrile Ulcerative Acne)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 690 - Tumors of the Skin
			690 Tumors of the Skin
				Keywords
				Epidermal Inclusion Cyst (Epidermoid Cyst)
				Milium
				Fibrofolliculomas
				Pilar Cyst (Trichilemmal Cyst)
				Pilomatricoma (Pilomatrixoma)
				Trichoepithelioma
				Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts
				Steatocystoma Multiplex
				Syringoma
				Infantile Digital Fibroma
				Dermatofibroma (Histiocytoma)
				Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
				Lipoma
				Basal Cell Carcinoma
				Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome, Gorlin Syndrome)
				Melanoma
				Mucosal Neuroma Syndrome (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type Iib)
				Bibliography
		Chapter 691 - Nutritional Dermatoses
			691 Nutritional Dermatoses
				Keywords
				Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
				Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency
				Kwashiorkor
				Cystic Fibrosis
				Pellagra
				Scurvy (Vitamin C or Ascorbic Acid Deficiency)
				Vitamin a Deficiency
				Bibliography
	31- XXXI Bone and Joint Disorders
		Chapter 692 - Growth and Development
			XXXI Bone and Joint Disorders
			1 Orthopedic Problems
			692 Growth and Development
				Keywords
				In Utero Positioning
				Growth and Development
				Centers of Ossification
					Anatomic Locations: Descriptive Terms
					Important Growth and Developmental Milestones
					Growth Patterns in Upper and Lower Extremities
				Gait/Functional Maturation
				Bibliography
		Chapter 693 - Orthopedic Evaluation of the Child
			693 Orthopedic Evaluation of the Child
				Keywords
				History
				Physical Examination
					Inspection
					Palpation
					Range of Motion
					Gait Assessment
				Limping
				Back Pain
				Neurologic Evaluation
				Radiographic Assessment
					Plain Radiographs
					Ultrasonography
					Magnetic Resonance Imaging
					Magnetic Resonance Angiography
					Computed Tomography
					Nuclear Medicine Imaging
				Laboratory Studies
				Bibliography
		Chapter 694 - The Foot and Toes
			694 The Foot and Toes
				Keywords
				694.1 Metatarsus Adductus
					Clinical Manifestations
					Radiographic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				694.2 Calcaneovalgus Feet
					Clinical Manifestations
					Radiographic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				694.3 Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
					Clinical Manifestations
					Radiographic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				694.4 Congenital Vertical Talus
					Clinical Manifestations
					Radiographic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				694.5 Hypermobile Pes Planus (Flexible Flatfeet)
					Clinical Manifestations
					Radiographic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				694.6 Tarsal Coalition
					Clinical Manifestations
					Radiographic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				694.7 Cavus Feet
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				694.8 Osteochondroses/Apophysitis
					Bibliography
				694.9 Puncture Wounds of the Foot
					Bibliography
				694.10 Toe Deformities
					Juvenile Hallux Valgus (Bunion)
						Clinical Manifestations
						Radiographic Evaluation
						Treatment
					Curly Toes
					Overlapping 5Th Toe
					Polydactyly
					Syndactyly
					Hammer Toe
					Mallet Toe
					Claw Toe
					Annular Bands
					Macrodactyly
					Subungual Exostosis
					Ingrown Toenail
					Bibliography
				694.11 Painful Foot
				694.12 Shoes
					Bibliography
		Chapter 695 - Torsional and Angular Deformities of the Limb
			695 Torsional and Angular Deformities of the Limb
				695.1 Normal Limb Development
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				695.2 Evaluation
					Keywords
					Foot Progression Angle
					Femoral Anteversion
					Tibial Rotation
					Foot Shape and Position
					Bibliography
				695.3 Torsional Deformities
					Keywords
					Femoral Anteversion
					Medial Tibial Torsion
					External Femoral Torsion
					Lateral Tibial Torsion
					Metatarsus Adductus
					Bibliography
				695.4 Coronal Plane Deformities
					Keywords
					Genu Varum
					Tibia Vara
					Genu Valgum (Knock-Knees)
					Bibliography
				695.5 Congenital Angular Deformities of the Tibia and Fibula
					Keywords
					Posteromedial Tibial Bowing
					Anteromedial Tibial Bowing (Postaxial Hemimelia)
					Anterolateral Tibial Bowing
					Tibial Longitudinal Deficiency
					Bibliography
		Chapter 696 - Leg-Length Discrepancy
			696 Leg-Length Discrepancy
				Keywords
				Diagnosis and Clinical Findings
				Radiographic Evaluation
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 697 - The Knee
			697 The Knee
				Keywords
				Normal Development of the Knee
				Anatomy and Range of Motion
				697.1 Discoid Lateral Meniscus
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				697.2 Popliteal Cysts (Baker Cysts)
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				697.3 Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				697.4 Osgood-Schlatter Disease and Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				697.5 Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				697.6 Patellofemoral Instability
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				697.7 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
					Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 698 - The Hip
			698 The Hip
				Keywords
				Growth and Development
				Vascular Supply
				698.1 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
					Keywords
					Classification
					Etiology and Risk Factors
					Epidemiology
					Pathoanatomy
					Clinical Findings
						The Neonate
						The Infant
						The Walking Child
					Diagnostic Testing
						Ultrasonography
						Radiography
					Treatment
						Newborns and Infants Younger Than 6 Months
						Children 6 Months to 2 Years of Age
						Children Older Than 2 Years
					Complications
					Bibliography
				698.2 Transient Monoarticular Synovitis (Toxic Synovitis)
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				698.3 Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
					Keywords
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Pathogenesis
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnosis
					Classification
					Natural History and Prognosis
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				698.4 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
					Keywords
					Classification
					Etiology and Pathogenesis
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Diagnostic Studies
					Treatment
					Complications
					Bibliography
		Chapter 699 - The Spine
			699 The Spine
				Keywords
				Normal Spinal Curvatures
				699.1 Idiopathic Scoliosis
					Keywords
					Definition
					Etiology
					Epidemiology
					Classification of Idiopathic Scoliosis
					Clinical Presentation of Idiopathic Scoliosis
					Physical Examination of Idiopathic Scoliosis
					Radiographic Evaluation of Idiopathic Scoliosis
					Natural History of Idiopathic Scoliosis
					Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis
					Bibliography
				699.2 Congenital Scoliosis
					Keywords
					Definition
					Etiology
					Associated Conditions
					Classification of Congenital Scoliosis
					Natural History of Congenital Scoliosis
					Treatment of Congenital Scoliosis
					Special Circumstance: Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome
					Bibliography
				699.3 Neuromuscular Scoliosis, Genetic Syndromes, and Compensatory Scoliosis
					Keywords
					Neuromuscular Scoliosis
					Syndromes and Genetic Disorders
					Compensatory Scoliosis
					Bibliography
				699.4 Kyphosis
					Keywords
					Flexible Kyphosis (Postural Kyphosis)
					Structural Kyphosis
						Scheuermann Kyphosis
							Physical Exam and Clinical Manifestations
							Radiographic Evaluation
							Natural History
							Treatment
					Congenital Kyphosis
					Bibliography
				699.5 Back Pain in Children
					Keywords
					Clinical Evaluation
					Medical Decision Making
					Radiographic and Laboratory Evaluation
					Bibliography
				699.6 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Physical Exam
					Radiographic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				699.7 Spine Infection
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
					Radiographic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				699.8 Intervertebral Disc Herniation/Slipped Vertebral Apophysis
					Keywords
					Apophysis
					Etiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Radiographic Evaluation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				699.9 Tumors
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 700 - The Neck
			700 The Neck
				700.1 Torticollis
					Keywords
					Congenital Muscular Torticollis
					Other Causes of Torticollis
					Atlantoaxial Rotatory Displacement
					Bibliography
				700.2 Klippel-Feil Syndrome
					Keywords
					Etiology and Classification
					Clinical Presentation
					Physical Examination
					Radiologic Investigation
					Treatment
					Bibliography
				700.3 Cervical Anomalies and Instabilities
					Keywords
					OS Odontoideum
						Down Syndrome
						22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
					Bibliography
		Chapter 701 - The Upper Limb
			701 The Upper Limb
				Keywords
				Shoulder
					Sprengel Deformity
						Treatment
					Congenital Pseudoarthrosis of the Clavicle
						Treatment
				Elbow
					Panner Disease
						Treatment
					Radial Longitudinal Deficiency
						Treatment
					Nursemaid Elbow
						Treatment
				Wrist
					Madelung Deformity
						Treatment
					Gymnast’s Wrist
					Treatment
					Ganglion
						Treatment
				Hand
					Camptodactyly
						Treatment
					Clinodactyly
						Treatment
					Polydactyly
						Treatment
					Thumb Hypoplasia
						Treatment
					Syndactyly
						Treatment
					Fingertip Injuries
					Trigger Thumb and Fingers
						Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 702 - Arthrogryposis
			702 Arthrogryposis
				Keywords
				Etiology
					Neurologic Abnormalities
					Muscular Abnormalities
					Limited Intrauterine Spacing
					Connective Tissue Abnormalities
					Maternal Diseases
					Intrauterine Vascular Compromise
				Classification
				Management of Orthopedic Problems of Arthrogryposis
				Foot Problems
				Knee Problems
				Hip Problems
					Ambulation
				Upper-Extremity Problems
					Surgery of the Upper Extremity
						Shoulder
						Elbow
						Wrist
						Scoliosis
					Surgical Staging
				Bibliography
		Chapter 703 - Common Fractures
			703 Common Fractures
				Keywords
				703.1 Unique Characteristics of Pediatric Fractures
					Keywords
					Fracture Remodeling
					Overgrowth
					Progressive Deformity
					Rapid Healing
					Bibliography
				703.2 Pediatric Fracture Patterns
					Keywords
					Plastic Deformation
					Buckle or Torus Fracture
					Greenstick Fracture
					Complete Fractures
					Epiphyseal Fractures
					Child Abuse
					Bibliography
				703.3 Upper Extremity Fractures
					Keywords
					Phalangeal Fractures
					Forearm Fractures
					Distal Humeral Fractures
					Proximal Humerus Fractures
					Clavicular Fractures
					Bibliography
				703.4 Lower Extremity Fractures
					Keywords
					Hip Fracture
					Femoral Shaft Fractures
					Proximal Tibia Fractures
					Tibia and Fibula Shaft Fractures
					Toddler Fracture
					Triplane and Tillaux Fractures
					Metatarsal Fractures
					Toe Phalangeal Fractures
					Bibliography
				703.5 Operative Treatment of Fractures
					Keywords
					Surgical Techniques
					Bibliography
				703.6 Complications of Fractures in Children
					Keywords
					Complications Resulting From Injury
					Complications of Treatment
					Late Complications of Trauma
		Chapter 704 - Osteomyelitis
			704 Osteomyelitis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Radiographic Evaluation
					Plain Radiographs
					Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography
					Radionuclide Studies
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Antimicrobial Therapy
					Surgical Therapy
					Physical Therapy
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 705 - Septic Arthritis
			705 Septic Arthritis
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
					Radiographic Evaluation
						Plain Radiographs
						Ultrasonography
						Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography
				Radionuclide Imaging
				Differential Diagnosis
				Treatment
					Antimicrobial Therapy
					Surgical Therapy
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 706 - Epidemiology and Prevention of Injuries
			2 Sports Medicine
				706 Epidemiology and Prevention of Injuries
					Keywords
					Preparticipation Sports Examination
						History and Physical Examination
					Bibliography
		Chapter 707 - Management of Musculoskeletal Injury
			707 Management of Musculoskeletal Injury
				Keywords
				Mechanism of Injury
					Acute Injuries
					Overuse Injuries
				Initial Evaluation of the Injured Extremity
				Transition From Immediate Management to Return to Play
					Phase 1
					Phase 2
					Phase 3
					Phase 4
					Relative Rest and Return-to-Play Guidelines
				Imaging
				Differential Diagnoses of Musculoskeletal Pain
				707.1 Growth Plate Injuries
					Bibliography
				707.2 Shoulder Injuries
					Clavicle Fractures
					Acromioclavicular Joint Separation
					Anterior Glenohumeral Dislocation
					Rotator Cuff Injury
					Bibliography
				707.3 Elbow Injuries
					Acute Injuries
						Chronic Injuries
					Bibliography
				707.4 Low Back Injuries
					Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis, and Facet Syndrome
						Spondylolysis
						Spondylolisthesis and Facet Syndrome
					Lumbar Disk Herniation, Strain, and Contusion
					Other Causes
					Bibliography
				707.5 Hip and Pelvis Injuries
					Bibliography
				707.6 Knee Injuries
					Initial Treatment of Acute Knee Injuries
					Chronic Injuries
						Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome
						Osgood-Schlatter Disease
						Other Chronic Injuries
					Bibliography
				707.7 Lower Leg Exertional Pain: Shin Splints, Stress Fractures, and Chronic Compartment Syndrome
					Bibliography
				707.8 Ankle Injuries
					Examination and Injury Grading Scale
					Radiographs
					Initial Treatment of Ankle Sprains
						Rehabilitation
					Bibliography
				707.9 Foot Injuries
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 708 - Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion)
			708 Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion)
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Pathophysiology
				Assessment of the Injured Player
				Management and Treatment
					Initial Phase
					Returning to Sport
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 709 - Cervical Spine Injuries
			709 Cervical Spine Injuries
				Keywords
				Soft Tissue Injury
				Spear Tackler’s Spine
				Cervical Fractures
				Stingers (Burners)
				Transient Quadriparesis
				Congenital Spinal Stenosis
				Spinal Cord Injury
				Bibliography
		Chapter 710 - Heat Injuries
			710 Heat Injuries
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 711 - Female Athletes-Menstrual Problems and the Risk of Osteopenia
			711 Female Athletes
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 712 - Performance-Enhancing Aids
			712 Performance-Enhancing Aids
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 713 - Specific Sports and Associated Injuries
			713 Specific Sports and Associated Injuries
				Keywords
				Sports Participation, Early Specialization, Injury Risk and Burnout
				Football
				Baseball/Softball
				Basketball/Volleyball
				Tennis
				Lacrosse
				Swimming/Diving
				Soccer
				Ice Hockey
				Field Hockey
				Skiing and Snowboarding
				Skateboarding
				Cycling and Motocross
				Wrestling
				Running
				Cheerleading
				Gymnastics
				Dance
				Adaptive Sports
				Bibliography
					Sports Participation, Early Specialization, Injury Risk and Burnout
					Football
					Baseball/Softball
					Basketball/Volleyball
					Tennis
					Lacrosse
					Swimming/Diving
					Soccer
					Ice Hockey
					Field Hockey
					Skiing and Snowboarding
					Skateboarding
					Cycling and Motocross
					Wrestling
					Running
					Cheerleading
					Gymnastics
					Dance
					Adaptive Sports
		Chapter 714 - General Considerations in Skeletal Dysplasias
			3 The Skeletal Dysplasias
				714 General Considerations in Skeletal Dysplasias
					Keywords
					Clinical Manifestations
						Growth
						Non-Growth-Related Manifestations
						Family and Reproductive History
						Radiographic Features
					Diagnosis
					Molecular Genetics
					Pathophysiology
					Treatment
					Bibliography
		Chapter 715 - Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix Proteins
			715 Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix Proteins
				Keywords
				Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasias/Type 2 Collagenopathies
					Lethal Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasias
					Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita
				Kniest Dysplasia
				Late-Onset Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia
				Aggrecan-Related Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasias
				Stickler Syndrome/Dysplasia (Hereditary Osteoarthroophthalmopathy)
				Schmid Metaphyseal Dysplasia
				Pseudoachondroplasia and Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
				Bibliography
		Chapter 716 - Disorders Involving Transmembrane Receptors
			716 Disorders Involving Transmembrane Receptors
				Keywords
				Achondroplasia Group
					Thanatophoric Dysplasia
					Achondroplasia
						Diagnosis
						Clinical Manifestations
						Genetics
					Hypochondroplasia
				Jansen Metaphyseal Dysplasia
				Bibliography
		Chapter 717 - Disorders Involving Ion Transporters
			717 Disorders Involving Ion Transporters
				Keywords
				Autosomal Recessive Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
					Diastrophic Dysplasia
					Achondrogenesis Type 1B and Atelosteogenesis Type 2
				Bibliography
		Chapter 718 - Disorders Involving Transcription Factors
			718 Disorders Involving Transcription Factors
				Keywords
				Campomelic Dysplasia
				Cleidocranial Dysplasia
				Nail-Patella Syndrome
				Bibliography
		Chapter 719 - Disorders Involving Defective Bone Resorption
			719 Disorders Involving Defective Bone Resorption
				Keywords
				Osteopetrosis
				Clinical Manifestations
				Treatment
				Pyknodysostosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 720 - Other Inherited Disorders of Skeletal Development
			720 Other Inherited Disorders of Skeletal Development
				Keywords
				Ellis–Van Creveld Syndrome
				Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy (See Also Chapter 445.3)
				Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndromes
				Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia–Anauxetic Spectrum Disorders
					Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia
				Metatropic Dysplasia
				Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia, Kozlowski Type
				Disorders Involving Filamins
				Juvenile Osteochondroses
				Caffey Disease (Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis)
				Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
				Bibliography
		Chapter 721 - Osteogenesis Imperfecta
			721 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology
				Pathology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I (Mild)
					Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type II (Perinatal Lethal)
					Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type III (Progressive Deforming)
					Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type IV (Moderately Severe)
					Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type V (Hyperplastic Callus) and Type VI Hyperosteoidosis (Mineralization Defect)
					Osteogenesis Imperfecta Types VII, VIII, and IX (Autosomal Recessive)
					Osteogenesis Imperfecta Types X and XI (Autosomal Recessive)
					High Bone Mass Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Cleavage of the Procollagen C-Propeptide)
					Defects in Osteoblast Differentiation (Types XIII-XVIII OI)
				Other Genes for Osteogenesis Imperfecta
				Laboratory Findings
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prognosis
				Genetic Counseling
				Bibliography
		Chapter 722 - Marfan Syndrome
			722 Marfan Syndrome
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Pathogenesis
				Clinical Manifestations
					Skeletal System
					Cardiovascular System
					Ocular System
					Other Systems
				Diagnosis
				Differential Diagnosis
					Aortic Aneurysm Syndromes
					Ectopia Lentis Syndromes
					Syndromes With Systemic Manifestations of MFS
				Laboratory Findings
				Management
				Current Therapies
					Activity Restrictions
					Aortic Surgery
					Pregnancy
					Endocarditis Prophylaxis
					Current Pharmacological Approaches
				Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
					Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 Blockers
					ACE Inhibitors
					ERK Inhibitors
				Prognosis
				Genetic Counseling
				Bibliography
		Chapter 723 - Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal Regulation
			4 Metabolic Bone Disease
				723 Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal Regulation
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 724 - Hypophosphatasia
			724 Hypophosphatasia
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 725 - Hyperphosphatasia
			725 Hyperphosphatasia
				Keywords
				Bibliography
		Chapter 726 - Osteoporosis
			726 Osteoporosis
				Keywords
				Bibliography
	32- XXXII Rehabilitation Medicine
		Chapter 727 - Evaluation of the Child for Rehabilitative Services
			XXXII Rehabilitation Medicine
				727 Evaluation of the Child for Rehabilitative Services
					Keywords
					Child Characteristics
					Family Characteristics
					The Physical Environment
					The Previously Healthy Child
		Chapter 728 - Rehabilitation for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
			728 Rehabilitation for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
				Keywords
				Pathophysiology
				Severity
				Medical Complications
					Disorders of Consciousness
					Cognitive-Behavioral Disorders
					Agitation
					Posttraumatic Seizure
					Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity
					Neuroendocrine Disorders
				Spasticity
					Outcomes Associated With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
				Bibliography
		Chapter 729 - Spinal Cord Injury and Autonomic Dysreflexia Management
			729 Spinal Cord Injury and Autonomic Dysreflexia Management
				Keywords
				Clinical Manifestations
				Prognosis
				Bibliography
		Chapter 730 - Spasticity
			730 Spasticity
				Keywords
				Oral Medications
					GABAergic Medications
					α2-Adrenergic Agents
					Peripherally Acting Calcium Blockers
				Surgical Management
				Bibliography
		Chapter 731 - Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy
			731 Birth Brachial Plexus Palsy
				Keywords
				Physical Examination
				Evaluation
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 732 - Meningomyelocele (Spina Bifida)
			732 Meningomyelocele (Spina Bifida)
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Prevention
				Prenatal Screening
				Clinical Implications
				Adolescence and Transition to Adulthood
				Bibliography
		Chapter 733 - Ambulation Assistance
			733 Ambulation Assistance
				Keywords
				Orthoses
				Prostheses
				Assistive Mobility Devices
				Wheelchair
				Bibliography
		Chapter 734 - Health and Wellness for Children With Disabilities
			734 Health and Wellness for Children With Disabilities
				Keywords
				Health Promotion Definitions and Background for Disability
				Anticipatory Guidance, Counseling, and Preventive Care
				Physical Activity and Exercise
				Nutrition and Obesity
				Emotional Health and Leisure Activities
				Dental Care
				Role of Healthcare Providers
				734.1 Home Mechanical Ventilation and Technology Dependence
					Keywords
					Preparation
					Community Resources
					Subacute Care
					Emergency and Acute Care
					Quality of Life
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
	33- XXXIII Environmental Health
		Chapter 735 - Overview of Environmental Health and Children
			XXXIII Environmental Health
				735 Overview of Environmental Health and Children
					Keywords
					Global Climate Change
					Localized Environmental Hazards
					Toxins Versus Toxicants
					Mycotoxins
						Pediatric Conditions Linked to Mycotoxin Exposures
							Neural Tube Defects
							Infant Pulmonary Hemorrhage
					Food-Borne Diseases Caused by Environmental Exposures
						Aflatoxins
						Ochratoxin A
						Fumonisins
						Deoxynivalenol
					Bibliography
		Chapter 736 - Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Children
			736 Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Children
				Keywords
				Basic Principles
				Biologic Effects of Radiation
				Radiation Exposure in Diagnostic Imaging of Children
				Decreasing Unnecessary Diagnostic Radiation in Children While Still Obtaining Diagnostic Images
					Reducing Radiation From the CT Examination
				Radiation Therapy—Acute and Late Effects
				Whole-Body Irradiation
					Uncontrolled Large- or Small-Scale Exposure to Radiation
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
					Localized Irradiation
						Clinical Manifestations
						Treatment
				Internal Contamination
					Epidemiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Treatment
				External Contamination
				Bibliography
		Chapter 737 - Chemical Pollutants
			737 Chemical Pollutants
				Keywords
				Synthetic Chemicals and Human Health
				Children’s Unique Susceptibility to Synthetic Chemicals
				Safety Testing of Synthetic Chemicals
				Synthetic Chemicals and Disease in Children
				Chemical Pollutants of Major Concern
					Air Pollutants
				Health Hazards of Unconventional Natural Gas Development (Fracking)
					Lead
					Mercury
					Asbestos
					Pesticides
					Polychlorinated Biphenyls, DDT, Dioxins, Brominated Flame Retardants, and Other Halogenated Hydrocarbons
					Endocrine Disruptors
					Environmental Carcinogens
						Routes of Exposure
							Transplacental.
							Water.
							Air.
							Food.
							Work Clothes.
							School.
							Child Labor.
				The Physician’s Role
				737.1 Tobacco
					Keywords
					Composition of Second-Hand Smoke and Toxicities
					Tobacco Use and Exposure Is A Health Risk Disparity
					Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy
						Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Lung Development
					Postnatal Second-Hand Smoke Exposure—Effects on the Child
					Treatment for Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure
					Bibliography
				Bibliography
		Chapter 738 - Heavy Metal Intoxication
			738 Heavy Metal Intoxication
				Keywords
				Arsenic
					Epidemiology
					Pharmacokinetics
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
				Mercury
					Epidemiology
					Pharmacokinetics
					Pathophysiology
					Clinical Manifestations
					Laboratory Findings
				Treatment of Arsenic and Mercury Intoxication
				Bibliography
		Chapter 739 - Lead Poisoning
			739 Lead Poisoning
				Keywords
				Public Health History
				Sources of Exposure
				Metabolism
				Clinical Effects
				Clinical Symptoms
				Diagnosis
					Screening
					Other Tools for Assessment
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 740 - Nonbacterial Food Poisoning
			740 Nonbacterial Food Poisoning
				740.1 Mushroom Poisoning
					Keywords
					Gastrointestinal: Delayed Onset
						Amanita Poisoning
							Treatment
						Monomethylhydrazine Intoxication
							Treatment
					Renal: Delayed Onset
						Orellanine Poisoning
							Treatment
					Autonomic Nervous System: Rapid Onset
						Muscarine Poisoning
							Treatment
						Coprine Ingestion
					Central Nervous System: Rapid Onset
						Isoxazole Intoxication
						Indole Intoxication
					Gastrointestinal: Rapid Onset
					Bibliography
				740.2 Solanine Poisoning
					Keywords
					Bibliography
				740.3 Seafood Poisoning
					Keywords
					Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
						Treatment
					Scombroid (Pseudoallergic) Fish Poisoning
						Treatment
					Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
						Treatment
					Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning
						Treatment
					Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning
					Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning
					Pufferfish Poisoning
					Azaspiracid Poisoning
					Bibliography
						Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
						Scombroid Fish Poisoning
						Shellfish Poisoning
						Fish Poisoning
				740.4 Melamine Poisoning
					Keywords
					Bibliography
		Chapter 741 - Biologic and Chemical Terrorism
			741 Biologic and Chemical Terrorism*
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Epidemiology and Pediatric-Specific Concerns
				Clinical Manifestations
					Sudden-Onset Neuromuscular Syndrome: Nerve Agents
					Delayed-Onset Neuromuscular Syndrome: Botulism
					Sudden-Onset Respiratory Syndrome: Chlorine, Phosgene, and Cyanide
					Delayed-Onset Respiratory Syndrome: Anthrax, Plague, Tularemia, and Ricin
					Intermediate-Onset Dermatologic Syndrome: Mustard and Lewisite
					Delayed-Onset Dermatologic Syndrome: Smallpox
				Diagnosis
				Prevention
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 742 - Mass Psychogenic Illness
			742 Mass Psychogenic Illness
				Keywords
				Clinical Features and Diagnosis
				Treatment Strategies
				Bibliography
		Chapter 743 - Animal and Human Bites
			743 Animal and Human Bites
				Keywords
				Epidemiology
				Clinical Manifestations
				Diagnosis
				Complications
				Treatment
				Prevention
				Bibliography
		Chapter 744 - Rat Bite Fever
			744 Rat Bite Fever
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Course
				Diagnosis
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 745 - Monkeypox
			745 Monkeypox
				Keywords
				Etiology
				Clinical Course
				Treatment
				Bibliography
		Chapter 746 - Envenomations
			746 Envenomations
				Keywords
				General Approach to the Envenomated Child
					General Management
					General Wound Care
				Snake Bites
					Venoms and Effects
					Management
					Disposition
				Spider Bites
					Latrodectus Spiders
						Venoms and Effects
						Management
					Loxosceles Spiders
						Venoms and Effects
						Management
						Disposition
				Scorpion Stings
					Venoms and Effects
					Management
					Disposition
				Hymenoptera Stings
					Venoms and Effects
					Management
					Disposition
				Marine Envenomation
					Venoms and Effects
					Management
					Disposition
				Bibliography
	34- XXXIV Laboratory Medicine
		Chapter 747 - Laboratory Testing in Infants and Children
			XXXIV Laboratory Medicine
				747 Laboratory Testing in Infants and Children
					Accuracy and Precision of Laboratory Tests
					Sensitivity, Accuracy, and Analytic Testing
					Predictive Value of Laboratory Tests
					Neonatal Screening Tests
					Testing in Refining a Differential Diagnosis
						Serologic Testing
						Laboratory Screening
					Bibliography
		Chapter 748 - Reference Intervals for Laboratory Tests and Procedures
			748 Reference Intervals for Laboratory Tests and Procedures
				Bibliography (for Table 748.5)