Negotiating Political Conflicts

Cover......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 6
List of Figures......Page 11
List of Tables......Page 12
Introduction......Page 13
1 Negotiations and the Theory of Negotiation......Page 16
1.1 What is negotiation?......Page 19
1.2 What characterizes negotiations?......Page 20
1.3 The specific characteristics of international negotiations......Page 23
1.4 The three phases of the negotiation process......Page 25
2.2 What is a political conflict?......Page 31
2.3 The dynamics of conflict evolution: A dynamic model of conflict......Page 32
2.4 Negotiations in situations of crisis and war......Page 34
2.5 The most intensive form of conflict: War......Page 35
2.6.1 Looking back: Changes in conflict behaviour......Page 36
2.6.2 Looking ahead: Hypotheses about future conflict behaviour......Page 41
2.7 Bringing negotiations and conflicts together......Page 45
2.8 The KOSIMO Project......Page 46
2.9 Conflict and conflict management: The life cycle of symmetry between means and ends......Page 47
3.1 The negotiator......Page 50
3.1.1 Confrontational versus integrative negotiation......Page 51
3.1.2 The negotiation dilemma......Page 52
3.2 Advice to practitioners......Page 54
4.1 Negotiation style and negotiation culture......Page 57
4.1.1 Examples taken from cases demonstrating Japanese and German negotiating styles......Page 65
4.2.1 Three discourses on nation-building......Page 72
4.2.3 Political mobilization and protest......Page 74
4.2.4 The democratic deficit within the EU, as perceived by the United Kingdom, Germany and France......Page 75
4.2.5 The case of the nomination of the President of the European Central Bank......Page 77
4.2.6 Core terms in the European discourse......Page 78
5 The Instruments of Negotiation......Page 82
5.1 Typologies of negotiation techniques and resources......Page 83
5.2 Actor-related resources......Page 84
5.2.1 Principled negotiation (Harvard Negotiation Project)......Page 85
5.2.2 Shuttle diplomacy......Page 86
5.3.1 Extension or differentiation of the issues......Page 87
5.3.2 Reconciliation of interests......Page 88
5.3.3 Setting quotas and proportions......Page 91
5.4.1 Delay......Page 92
5.4.3 Two-track setting......Page 93
5.4.5 Changes in perspective......Page 94
5.4.6 The negotiation formula......Page 96
5.4.7 The one- or two-text procedure......Page 97
5.4.9 External conditions......Page 98
5.4.10 Linking instruments to power resources......Page 101
6 The Role of Power in Negotiations......Page 104
6.1 The three dimensions of power......Page 106
6.2 Symmetry and asymmetry......Page 109
6.3 The five manifestations of symmetry and asymmetry......Page 112
6.3.1 The first manifestation: symmetry/asymmetry as power of possession......Page 115
6.3.2 The second manifestations of symmetry/asymmetry as a process variable in the pursuit of equality......Page 116
6.3.3 The third manifestation: Relations between ends and means......Page 121
6.3.4 The fourth manifestation: Symmetry/asymmetry of mediation equidistance......Page 124
6.3.5 The fifth manifestation of symmetry: Outcomes as a fair share......Page 126
7.1 Resources of the weaker party......Page 130
7.2 Increasing resources through amalgamation: Coalition-building......Page 132
7.3 The limits to negotiations......Page 134
7.3.1 Principled negotiation: The Harvard Project approach......Page 135
7.3.3 Rational choice......Page 136
7.3.4 Inadequate means: Means and ends relationship......Page 138
8 The Power of Institutions: Collective Negotiating in Groups......Page 140
8.1 Effectiveness......Page 143
8.2 Representativeness......Page 147
8.3 Negotiating in regionally integrated institutions such as the European Union......Page 149
9 The Power of Law: Negotiating Within the Framework of International Norms and Principles......Page 151
9.1 The Petersberg (Germany) conference on Afghanistan......Page 152
9.2 The US–EU trade dispute......Page 153
10 The Mediator, the Faciliator......Page 156
10.1 Mediation strategies......Page 157
10.2 Who mediates?......Page 160
10.3 Third party instruments......Page 165
10.4 The mediators, the conciliators......Page 168
10.5 Mediation in civic affairs......Page 171
11.1.1 Some historic examples......Page 174
11.2.1 Non-decisions......Page 177
11.2.4 Ambiguous decisions......Page 178
11.2.7 Conservative or progressive decisions......Page 179
11.3 Military, territorial and political results......Page 180
11.3.1 Territorial results......Page 181
11.3.2 Political results......Page 182
11.4 Formal versus informal termination......Page 183
11.6 Historical cases......Page 184
11.7 Unfinished wars: Short-lived results......Page 186
12 Resolution Through Negotiation......Page 188
12.1 The theory of \'unfinished\' peace agreements......Page 190
12.1.1 Kantian peace in the Western world......Page 192
12.2 The six components of a durable solution......Page 193
12.3 Justice and fairness in negotiations......Page 199
12.4 Peace agreements forced upon the parties risk new wars; peace agreements deriving of their name bring about peace......Page 202
13.1 Hypotheses concerning the nature of conflicts......Page 204
13.3 Hypotheses concerning the issues in conflict......Page 205
13.5 The role of third parties, the mediators......Page 206
13.6 Hypotheses concerning the resolution of conflicts......Page 208
13.7 Hypotheses concerning outcomes......Page 209
14 Conclusions......Page 211
Notes......Page 215
Bibliography......Page 219
E......Page 227
I......Page 228
P......Page 229
W......Page 230
Z......Page 231