Nearshore and Estuarine Cohesive Sediment Transport

Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 7
Introduction......Page 9
Site Description......Page 10
Forcings......Page 13
Hydrodynamic Response......Page 17
Salinity Response......Page 18
Sedimentologic Respons......Page 19
Response Sequence......Page 22
Conclusions......Page 24
Acknowledgment......Page 25
References......Page 26
Introduction......Page 29
Flocculation
......Page 31
Effects of an Applied Shear......Page 32
Theoretical Description of F!occulatio......Page 35
No Applied Shear, Effects of Settlin......Page 38
Properties of Floc......Page 39
Concluding Remarks......Page 45
References......Page 46
Introduction......Page 48
The Process of Flocculation and Floc Properties......Page 49
Deposition of Cohesive Sediments and Properties of Deposited Beds......Page 59
Conclusions......Page 63
References......Page 64
Introduction......Page 68
Results......Page 71
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 76
References......Page 81
Introduction......Page 83
Location and Instruments......Page 84
VIS-Measurements......Page 87
Field Settling Tube Measurements......Page 89
Discussion......Page 94
Conclusions......Page 97
References......Page 98
Introduction......Page 100
Similarity Analysis and Transformation......Page 102
Empirical Orthogonal Functions
......Page 103
An Example......Page 104
A Low Energy Field- Long Island Sound......Page 105
An Energetic Flow Field - The Gulf of Mexico......Page 110
Final Remarks......Page 113
References......Page 114
Introduction......Page 116
Cohesive Sediment Deposition......Page 117
Deposition at Low Concentration......Page 118
Depositiaotn C oncentratiBoentsw ee2n1a nd1 0k g/m3 g/l
......Page 120
Deposition Below 10 
k g/m3......Page 123
Deposition at Low Concentration with Increased Velocity Gradient......Page 126
Other Experiments and Descriptions of Deposition Rates......Page 127
Settling Velocity......Page 129
Conclusions......Page 131
References......Page 132
Introduction......Page 134
Cohesive Sediment Characterization......Page 137
Experimental Results......Page 139
Results......Page 140
Mathematical Modeling......Page 147
Conclusions......Page 151
Acknowledgment......Page 152
References......Page 153
Introduction......Page 156
Model......Page 159
Results and Discussion......Page 163
Conclusions......Page 169
References......Page 170
Introduction......Page 175
Hindered Settling and Consolidation......Page 176
Settling Rate Equation......Page 178
Mixtures of Sand and Clay......Page 182
Numerical Modeling......Page 183
Experimental and Numerical Results......Page 186
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 189
Acknowledgement
......Page 190
References......Page 191
Introduction......Page 193
Previous Studies......Page 194
Floc Strength Model......Page 195
Experimental Procedure......Page 197
Experimental Results......Page 199
Model Computations......Page 205
Concluding Remarks......Page 210
References......Page 211
Introduction......Page 213
Theoretical Development......Page 215
Experiments, Numerical Simulation and Discussio......Page 224
Numerical Simulation......Page 225
Summary and Conclusions......Page 226
References......Page 228
Introduction......Page 232
Background......Page 233
Entrainment Experiments......Page 241
Concluding Remarks......Page 250
References......Page 252
Introduction......Page 255
Conceptual Considerations on Erosion and Deposition Processe......Page 256
Experimental Set-up and Procedure......Page 257
Erosion Process......Page 259
Deposition Process......Page 267
Net Rates of Erosion and Deposition and Equilibrium Profile of Suspended Mud......Page 268
Conclusions......Page 270
References......Page 271
Introduction......Page 273
The Sea Carousel......Page 274
Approach......Page 276
Numerical Treatment......Page 278
Model Verification......Page 280
Results and Discussion......Page 281
References......Page 286
Introduction......Page 289
Material, Experimental Apparatus and Method......Page 290
Experimental Results......Page 292
Discussion......Page 295
References......Page 302
Introduction......Page 303
Sediment Properties......Page 304

Experimental Facilities and Procedures......Page 306
Phenomenological Description......Page 307
The Depositional Phase......Page 310
The Re-Entrainment Phase......Page 312
References......Page 319
Introduction......Page 322
Operating the EROMES System......Page 326
Results......Page 332
Concluding Comments......Page 335
Acknowledgemen......Page 336
References......Page 337
Introduction......Page 339
Theory......Page 342
Applied Jet Shear Stress......Page 346
Cohesive Yield Stress of the Fluid Mud Layer......Page 347
Jet Experiments in the Field......Page 349
Conclusion......Page 352
References......Page 354
Introduction......Page 356
Materials and Methods......Page 358
Discussion......Page 360
References......Page 366
Introduction and Purpose......Page 368
Starr's Point Mudflat......Page 371
Observations......Page 375
Concluding Remarks......Page 380
Acknowledgements......Page 381
References......Page 383
Introduction......Page 386
Qualitative Evidence......Page 390
Quantitative Evidence......Page 391
Results and Interpretation......Page 392
Sediment Budget......Page 396
Conclusion......Page 397
Acknowledgement......Page 398
References......Page 399
Introduction......Page 401
Environmental Setting and Field Observations......Page 402
Data Analysis and Results......Page 404
Discussion......Page 410
Acknowledgments......Page 415
References......Page 416
Introduction......Page 419
Role of Fine-Grained Sediment Size in Transport Processes......Page 420
Physical Setting and Measurements......Page 422
Analyses......Page 425
Results......Page 428
Acknowledgement......Page 435
References......Page 436
Introduction......Page 438
Field Measurements......Page 440
Theoretical Basis of Analysis......Page 442
Rheology of Fluid Mud in Field and Laboratory......Page 446
Theory for the Motion of a Fluid Mud......Page 447
References......Page 453
Introduction......Page 455
Field Setting and Data Acquisition......Page 458
Results......Page 460
Discussion......Page 467
References......Page 471
Introduction......Page 475
The Study Area: Description and Results from Previous Studies......Page 476
Mathematical Modeling of Cohesive Sediment Processes and Associated Contaminants......Page 480
Model Applications to Sediment Dynamics......Page 482
Conclusions......Page 491
References......Page 492
Application of a Mathematical Model toInvestigate Sedimentation at EasthamDock, Mersey Estuary......Page 494
Introduction......Page 512
Field Observation......Page 513
Mathematical Model......Page 514
Computation Results......Page 522
Conclusions......Page 523
References......Page 527
Introduction......Page 528
Model Area......Page 529
Transport in the Water Column......Page 530
The Sediment Bed......Page 533
Deposition......Page 534
Erosion......Page 535
Results......Page 536
Lead Concentration in North Sea Water......Page 541
Concluding Remarks......Page 544
References......Page 545
Introduction......Page 549
TEMPEST/FLESCOT Code Description......Page 550
Study Site and Modeling Description......Page 551
Wave Modeling......Page 554
Hydrodynamic Modeling......Page 555
Sediment and Contaminant Transport Modeling......Page 558
Conclusions......Page 561
References......Page 564
Introduction......Page 566
Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Models......Page 569
Circulation and Sediment Transport During Spring 1989......Page 571
Phosphorus Dynamics......Page 573
Diffusive Flux of Phosphorus......Page 576
Discussion and Conclusion......Page 577
References......Page 578