Nature, Nurture and Chance: The Lives of Frank and Charles Fenner

Nature, Nurture and Chance: The Lives of Frank and Charles Fenner......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 15
Acronyms......Page 17
Part I. The Life of Frank Fenner......Page 21
Introduction......Page 23
Family Life......Page 29
Finding a Home in Adelaide......Page 30
Charles Lyell Fenner......Page 32
Thomas Richard Fenner......Page 34
William Greenock Fenner......Page 35
Family Life......Page 36
Secondary Schools......Page 37
Religion......Page 38
Sport......Page 39
Medicine, 1934 to 1938......Page 41
Activities in Student Affairs......Page 42
Studies in Physical Anthropology......Page 43
Resident Medical Officer, Adelaide Hospital......Page 45
References......Page 46
Enlistment in the Australian Army Medical Corps......Page 47
Military Training at Woodside......Page 48
Service in Palestine......Page 49
2/1 Casualty Clearing Station......Page 51
Pathologist, 2/2 Australian General Hospital......Page 53
Malariologist in New Guinea......Page 54
Other Research in New Guinea......Page 58
Wartime Work at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute......Page 59
Marriage......Page 60
Service in Morotai and Borneo......Page 62
Leave Prior to Discharge......Page 63
References......Page 64
Research on Ectromelia, February 1946 to August 1948......Page 67
Overseas Study at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, August 1948 to July 1949......Page 69
My Research at the Rockefeller Institute......Page 70
Dubos as a Mentor......Page 71
Other Personal Experiences While at the Rockefeller Institute......Page 72
References......Page 73
Europe, July 1949 to February 1950......Page 75
Accommodation in Melbourne......Page 77
Staff in Melbourne......Page 78
Our Permanent House, 8 Monaro Crescent, Red Hill......Page 79
Vicki Fenner's Death......Page 82
Planning the Permanent Building......Page 83
Study Leave, 1953......Page 84
Study Leave, 1957......Page 85
Travel to Indonesia, 26 July to 17 August 1956......Page 86
Travel to China, 8 April to 7 May 1957......Page 87
Travel to Japan, 8–19 May, 1957......Page 89
Development of the School in the Permanent Building, 1958 to 1967......Page 90
Expansion of the Department of Microbiology, 1958 to 1967......Page 91
School Governance......Page 92
Travel to India, 2 December 1960 to 17 January 1961......Page 93
Overseas Fellow, Churchill College, Cambridge, 3 November 1961 to 30 October 1962......Page 94
Visiting Fellow, Moscow State University, 27 February to 28 March 1964......Page 96
Papua New Guinea, 1962 to 1973......Page 97
References......Page 98
References......Page 0
Governance......Page 117
Department of Medical Chemistry......Page 118
Department of Clinical Science......Page 119
Department of Pharmacology......Page 120
Accommodation for the Department of Human Biology......Page 121
3 June to 3 July 1970......Page 122
Lectures in Australia......Page 123
A Textbook on Medical Virology......Page 124
The Biology of Animal Viruses, Second Edition.......Page 125
Committee to Examine the Possibility of Establishing A Centre for Natural Resources (see Fenner, 1973a, 1979)......Page 126
International Committee on the Nomenclature (Taxonomy) of Viruses......Page 127
Honours and Awards......Page 128
Overview: the Role of the Director......Page 129
References......Page 132
Introduction......Page 133
Secretary, Biological Sciences, 1958 to 1961......Page 134
The Botany Bay Project......Page 135
Histories of the Australian Academy of Science......Page 136
Fenner Conferences on the Environment......Page 137
Video Histories of Australian Scientists......Page 139
References......Page 140
My Appointment as Director of CRES......Page 141
Activities as Director......Page 144
The Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE)......Page 145
19 November 1973 to 15 May 1974......Page 146
15–29 November 1974......Page 147
7 August to 11 October 1975......Page 148
1–24 October 1976......Page 149
3–20 May 1978......Page 150
18 November to 14 December 1979......Page 151
1977......Page 152
Overview, the Activities of CRES, 1973 to 1979......Page 153
References......Page 156
Introduction......Page 157
Clinical Features......Page 158
The History of Smallpox......Page 159
Early Attempts to Eradicate Smallpox......Page 160
The Vaccine......Page 162
Certification of Eradication......Page 165
Fourth Meeting, Geneva, 10–13 February 1976......Page 166
Certification of Smallpox Eradication......Page 167
India, 4–23 April 1977......Page 168
South Africa, 23 January to 18 February 1978......Page 169
Eradication from Africa, 16 October to 6 November 1979......Page 171
Consultation on the Worldwide Certification of Smallpox Eradication, 11–13 October 1977......Page 172
First Meeting of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, 4–7 December 1978.......Page 173
Second and Final Meeting of the Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication, 6–9 December 1979.......Page 174
Smallpox Eradication Program, Meeting of the World Health Assembly, May 8, 1980......Page 175
Introduction......Page 179
First Meeting, 3–5 March 1982......Page 180
Third Meeting, 28–30 March 1984......Page 181
Second Meeting, 9 September 1994......Page 182
Archiving WHO Records......Page 183
Final Approval......Page 184
Personal Experiences in the Production......Page 185
The Problem of the 'Whitepox' Viruses......Page 186
Two Other Books Related to the Smallpox Program......Page 188
Award of the Japan Prize to Henderson, Arita and Fenner......Page 189
The Threat of Smallpox Virus as a Bioterrorism Weapon......Page 190
White and Fenner, Medical Virology, Third Edition......Page 191
Fenner et al., Veterinary Virology......Page 192
History of Microbiology in Australia......Page 193
The Australian Academy of Science: the First Forty Years......Page 194
The John Curtin School of Medical Research: the First Fifty Years, 1948–98......Page 195
China, 1980, Australian Development Assistance Bureau......Page 196
Washington, 1982 to 1983, Fogarty Scholar......Page 197
China, 18–25 September 1988, review of an ACIAR Project......Page 198
Second Meeting on Global Vaccine Supply, 3–5 August 1992......Page 199
Bozeman and Yellowstone National Park, 11–25 July 1997......Page 200
Home Life and Bobbie's Death......Page 201
Howard Florey......Page 202
Celebrations in Australia......Page 203
Burnet Centenary Celebrations......Page 204
Fellowships and the Like......Page 205
Prizes......Page 206
Marks of Recognition other than Prizes and Awards......Page 207
Donations to the John Curtin School of Medical Research......Page 209
Donations to the Australian Academy of Science......Page 210
Donations to an NGO, the Nature and Society Forum......Page 211
References......Page 212
Part II. The Life of Charles Fenner......Page 215
Introduction......Page 217
27 October 1931, Niedergrenzebach......Page 218
16 July 1937, Rotenburg and Niedergrenzebach......Page 220
17 July 1937, Rotenburg/Fulda......Page 222
Hirt Family History......Page 223
29 October 1931, Drehsa......Page 224
The Fenner Coat-of-Arms......Page 225
References......Page 227
Primary School, 1888 to 1895......Page 229
Melbourne Teachers' College and the University of Melbourne......Page 230
Marriage to Emma Louise Hirt, 4 January 1911......Page 231
Later Teaching Positions in Victoria......Page 232
Retirement and Death......Page 234
References......Page 235
Extracts from the Australian Dictionary of Biography......Page 237
Essay by Hyams (1990): ‘Superintendent of Technical Education, 1916 to 1939’......Page 238
Director of Education, 1939 to 1946......Page 246
Comments on Secondary Education on Return from Europe, 1932......Page 251
Appreciation by Australian Broadcasting Commission (S.A. Division)......Page 252
An Appreciation by J. S. Walker, Director-General of Education, 1967......Page 253
Comments by Thiele and Gibbs (1975)......Page 254
References......Page 256
Bibliography of Charles Fenner's other Publications on Education......Page 257
Some Emotional Reactions to Travel......Page 259
19 August 1931, Colombo......Page 260
12–13 September, 1931, London......Page 261
24 July 1937, Geneva to London......Page 262
2 April 1937, Los Angeles......Page 263
9 April 1937, Santa Fé, New Mexico......Page 264
14 April 1937, Chicago, Illinois......Page 265
16 April 1937, Detroit, Michigan......Page 267
28 April 1937, New York......Page 268
29 April 1937, New York......Page 269
26 May 1937, London......Page 270
4 June 1937, London......Page 271
2 July 1937, Hannover......Page 272
5 July 1937, Hannover......Page 273
8 July 1937, Berlin......Page 274
16 July 1937, Rotenburg......Page 276
27 July 1937, London......Page 277
28 July 1937, London......Page 278
25 August 1937. London, Broadcasting......Page 279
2–6 September 1937, Nottingham, BAAS......Page 280
9 September 1937, London, Cinema in Schools......Page 281
25 September 1937, Cape Town......Page 282
References......Page 283
Science Notes, by Tellurian......Page 285
Gathered Moss......Page 286
Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (South Australian Branch)......Page 287
Captain Charles Sturt......Page 288
Application for Chair in Geography, University of Sydney......Page 289
Lecturer in Geography, University of Adelaide......Page 290
Australites......Page 292
Prizes for Scientific Work......Page 294
The Wongana Circle......Page 295
Geology, Geography and Physiography......Page 296
Historical Papers......Page 298
Popular Articles......Page 299
27 August 1931, Aden......Page 301
6 September 1931, the Coast of Spain......Page 302
10 September 1931, England......Page 303
23 September 1931......Page 304
24 September, 1931......Page 305
26 September 1931......Page 306
28 September 1931......Page 307
Wednesday, 30 September 1931, My Lecture......Page 308
1–3 October 1931, Cambridge, Clerk Maxwell Centenary......Page 310
19 September 1931, London......Page 312
10 and 11 October 1931, Bewdley......Page 313
28 March 1937, Yosemite......Page 314
29 March 1937, Monterey......Page 315
30 March 1937, Monterey to Los Angeles......Page 317
7 April 1937......Page 319
10 April 1937, Santa Fé to Kansas City......Page 321
30 April 1937, New York......Page 322
20 April 1937, Ottawa......Page 323
12 June 1937, Vienna, Natural History Museum......Page 324
14 June 1937, Kecskemét, Hungary......Page 325
17 June 1937......Page 326
18 June 1937......Page 327
22 June 1937, Grande Corniche......Page 328
24 June 1937, Nice to Grenoble......Page 329
25 June 1937, Dijon......Page 330
11-12 July 1937, Prague, Czechoslovakia......Page 331
4 August 1937......Page 332
6 August 1937, Hammerfest, Norway......Page 334
16 August 1937. Gerainger Fiord, Norway.......Page 335
17 August 1937......Page 336
2 to 3 September 1937, Nottingham, BAAS Meeting......Page 337
3 September 1937......Page 338
24 September 1937, Cape Town......Page 340
26 September 1937......Page 341
29 September 1937, Johannesburg......Page 342
1 October 1937, Johannesburg......Page 343
8 October 1937, Cape Town......Page 345
Army Days......Page 347
Rod Andrew......Page 348
Walter Crocker......Page 349
Marcus Faunce......Page 350
Alan Jackson......Page 351
George Mackaness......Page 352
Richard Smallwood......Page 353
David White......Page 354
Alan Downie......Page 355
Edgar Mercer......Page 356
Nature, Nurture and Chance......Page 357