Natural and Anthropogenic Influences in Fluvial Geomorphology

Title Page
......Page 5
Copyright
......Page 6
Contents
......Page 7
Preface
......Page 9
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 11
2.1 Previous Models and Their Shortcomings......Page 12
2.2 Generalizing Previous Models......Page 13
2.4 Special Cases of the New Family of Models and a Justification......Page 14
3.1 Numerical Solutions of the Equations......Page 16
3.2 Modeling Parameters and the Initial and Boundary Conditions......Page 17
4. RESULTS OF NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS: THE INITIATION OF RILLS......Page 18
4.1 The Emergence of Pattern......Page 19
4.2 The Dependence of the Dominate Rill Frequency on Parameters......Page 23
5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESULTS......Page 30
5.2 Validity of the Numerical Solutions......Page 31
5.3 The Results and Their Geomorphic Significance......Page 32
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 34
REFERENCES......Page 35
1. BACKGROUND......Page 36
3. DESCRIPTION OF FIELD SITES......Page 38
4. FIELD MEASUREMENTS......Page 41
5. DATA ANALYSIS......Page 42
6. INTERPRETATION......Page 47
7. EVOLUTION OF MICROTOPOGRAPHY AND THE INITIATION OF CHANNELS......Page 50
8. SUMMARY......Page 51
REFERENCES......Page 52
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 54
2.1 The failure of Reservoir No. 3, Centralia, Washington......Page 55
2.2 Failure of Porter Hill dam near Roseburg, Oregon......Page 56
3. STREAM POWER, GEOMORPHIC WORK, AND CHANNEL CHANGES......Page 57
3.1 Changing stream power over a flood hydrograph......Page 59
3.2 Calculations of total energy expenditure using time-integratedstream power per unit area......Page 61
4. EFFECTIVE FLUVIAL EVENTS: A MODEL TOINCLUDE FLOW DURATION......Page 63
REFERENCES......Page 64
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 66
2. STUDY SITES......Page 67
3. IDENTIFICATION OF VALLEY FLOOR LANDFORMS......Page 68
4.1 Reach Delineation......Page 70
4.2 Controls on Valley Floor Width......Page 71
4.3 Distribution of Landforms by Reach......Page 73
5. VARIATION IN CHANNEL GRADIENT AND BOULDER DENSITIES BY REACHES......Page 76
6.2 Non fluvial Disturbance......Page 78
7. CONTRASTS BETWEEN VALLEY FLOORS IN LOW- AND HIGH-GRADIENT SYSTEMS......Page 79
REFERENCES......Page 81
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 85
2. METHODOLOGY......Page 86
3.1 Physiographic setting and local landforms......Page 88
3.3 Vegetation and Nutrient Cycles......Page 90
4. DISCUSSION......Page 91
REFERENCES......Page 92
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 94
4.1 Data and Methods......Page 95
5.1 Data and Methods......Page 97
5.2 Results......Page 98
6.2 Results......Page 100
7. DISCUSSION......Page 101
8. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 102
REFERENCES......Page 103
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 105
3. CHANNEL FORM AND PROCESSES......Page 106
3.1 The Auranga, primarily a seasonal stream......Page 107
3.3 Forms and processes of the Caribbean montane streams......Page 109
4. DISCUSSION......Page 111
REFERENCES......Page 115
2. ANTOINE CHEZY'S EXPERIMENTS......Page 117
3. THE IDEAL HYDRAULIC CHANNEL......Page 118
4. THE IDEAL TROUT STREAM......Page 119
5. MEANDERS, POOLS, AND RIFFLES......Page 121
7. STREAM RESTORATION......Page 125
REFERENCES......Page 129
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 130
3. COMPUTATION OF BED-MATERIAL TRANSPORT RATE......Page 133
4. EFFECTIVE BED-MATERIAL TRANSPORTING DISCHARGES......Page 136
5. CHANNEL MAINTENANCE FLOWS......Page 138
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 140
REFERENCES......Page 142
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 144
2.2 Effects of Reservoirs on Bedload Transport......Page 145
2.3 Gravel Mining......Page 146
2.4 Environmental consequences of gravel mining and reservoirs......Page 147
3.1 Reservoirs......Page 148
3.2 Gravel Mining......Page 152
4.1 Reaches downstream of reservoirs......Page 153
REFERENCES......Page 154
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 156
2. METHODS......Page 157
3. REGIONAL SETTING......Page 158
4.1. Sedimentology of Fine-grained Deposits......Page 160
4.2. Distribution of Fine-Grained Deposits......Page 167
5. EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE......Page 168
6. LONGITUDINAL CORRELATION OF GEOMOR PHIC SURFACES AND RELATION TO EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE......Page 170
7. DISCUSSION......Page 171
8. CONCLUSIONS......Page 172
REFERENCES......Page 173
2. LOCATION......Page 175
3. METHODS AND SOURCE OF DATA......Page 176
5. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE VALLEY FLOOR......Page 177
7. VEGETATION......Page 178
8.1 Characteristics of floods......Page 180
8.3 Reservoirs......Page 181
10.1 Caineville gage......Page 182
11.1 General conclusions......Page 184
11.5 The effect of reservoirs......Page 185
REFERENCES......Page 186
2. GEOGRAPHIC SETTING......Page 187
3.3 Infiltration......Page 188
3.4 Runoff......Page 190
3.5 Sediment......Page 191
5. THE URBANIZATION OF EILAT......Page 192
5.3 The urban terrain......Page 193
6. A TENTATIVE SCENARIO FOR A FULLY URBANIZED EILAT FAN......Page 194
REFERENCES......Page 195
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 197
1.1 Location and Physical Setting......Page 198
1.2 Methods......Page 200
2. LAND USE IN THE OZARKS......Page 201
3. MEAN STREAMBED ELEVATION RECORDS......Page 212
4. COMPLEX CHANNEL RESPONSE IN TIME AND SPACE......Page 213
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 216
REFERENCES......Page 217
Figure
......Page 218
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 219
1.1 Spatially-varying Boundary Conditions and Geomorphic Effectiveness......Page 220
1.2 Topographic irregularities and channel orientation......Page 222
2.1 Flow Model......Page 224
2.2 Finite-element Mesh Construction......Page 225
2.4 Calculation of Shear Stress......Page 226
3.1 Comparison of Mesh 1 and Mesh 2......Page 227
3.2 Comparison of Mesh 1 and Mesh 3......Page 228
3.3 Comparison of Meshes 2, 4, and 5......Page 229
3.4 Flow around Obstructions: Comparison of Meshes 5 and 5b......Page 233
3.5 Combined Effects of a Valley Expansion and a Bend in the Channel: Meshes 6 and 6b......Page 235
3.6 Comparisons of Maximum Shear Stress......Page 239
4.1 Relating Flow Patterns to Patterns of Erosion and Deposition......Page 241
REFERENCES......Page 242