NATO’s Durability in a Post-Cold War World

Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Abbreviations......Page 14
Introduction: Explaining NATO’s Durability......Page 18
What Explains NATO’s Durability in the Post–Cold War Era?......Page 19
NATO’s Historical Narrative(s)......Page 20
The Argument......Page 23
Chapter Outline......Page 24
1 The Post–Cold War Environment and NATO Enlargement......Page 26
NATO’s Cold War Foundations and the “New Security Environment”......Page 27
The Changing International Structure......Page 28
The Impact of Globalization......Page 30
The Gulf War......Page 33
From Interstate to Intrastate Conflict......Page 35
The New Strategic Concept and Normalization of Relations with Russia......Page 37
Enlargement: The Genesis of an Idea......Page 40
The Enlargement Debate......Page 46
The Case against Enlargement......Page 47
The Case for Enlargement......Page 52
Conclusion......Page 65
The Primary Sources of NATO’s Durability in the Early Post–Cold War Period......Page 66
2 Learning from Bosnia and Kosovo......Page 68
The US and International Response to the Bosnian Conflict......Page 69
UN Involvement......Page 70
The UN/EU/NATO Relationship......Page 71
NATO’s Growing Assertiveness......Page 75
Lessons from Bosnia......Page 81
The US and International Response to the Kosovo Conflict......Page 84
Operational Problems and International Criticism of the Operation......Page 87
The Effectiveness of the Intervention and its Justification......Page 88
Conclusion......Page 96
The Primary Sources of NATO’s Durability in Relation to the Conflicts in Bosnia and Kosovo......Page 98
3 9/11 and the Transatlantic Rift......Page 100
From Multilateralism to Intra-Alliance Crisis......Page 101
Explaining the Transatlantic Rift......Page 103
Healing the Divide......Page 116
Strategic Convergence and Diplomatic Rapprochement......Page 117
NATO’s Relationship with Russia, and the Changing Dynamics of Enlargement......Page 124
NATO’s Institutional Adaptation and Expanded Outlook......Page 129
Conclusion......Page 134
The Primary Sources of NATO’s Durability in Relation to the “War on Terror”......Page 135
4 NATO’s War on Terror in Afghanistan......Page 138
Background to the Conflict and NATO Involvement......Page 139
NATO’s Operational and Political Challenges in Afghanistan......Page 143
President Obama’s Reformulated Strategy: 2008–2012......Page 148
The Overall Effectiveness of the Surge......Page 150
The Stipulation of an End Date......Page 152
Maintaining International Support......Page 153
Support among the Afghan People......Page 156
Support from NATO’s Political Leadership......Page 157
Managing Caveats and National Withdrawals......Page 161
Continued Institutional Adaptation......Page 162
The End of the Combat Mission......Page 165
Conclusion......Page 166
The Primary Sources of NATO’s Durability in Afghanistan......Page 168
5 Libya, Ukraine, and the Rise of ISIS......Page 170
NATO’s Operation in Libya......Page 171
NATO’s “Arc of Instability” and the Rise of ISIS......Page 178
Background of the Conflict......Page 181
Interpretations of the Crisis......Page 183
The New Russian Threat......Page 186
The NATO Response......Page 189
Conclusion: Static Instability Versus Dynamic Instability......Page 191
The Primary Sources of NATO’s Durability as they Pertain to the Ukraine Crisis, Libya, and ISIS......Page 192
NATO’s Values and Its Commitment to Democracy......Page 194
NATO’s Institutional Characteristics and Its Ability to Adapt......Page 195
The Continuity of Security Threats and Shared Interests......Page 196
US Leadership of the Alliance......Page 197
Historical Convergence......Page 198
Implications for Policy Makers......Page 200
Appendix: A Brief Note on Methodology and Theory......Page 204
Notes......Page 206
Bibliography......Page 240
Index......Page 270