Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict: Shadows of Modernity

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 9
1 Shadows of modernity......Page 13
The thesis......Page 14
The agenda......Page 17
Overview......Page 19
Part I Theoretical explorations......Page 29
The success of ‘culture’: anthropological unease......Page 31
Four points of critique on ‘culture’ and a fifth on ‘discourse’......Page 34
Culture as compromise......Page 38
Habitus......Page 39
Compromising on collective representations......Page 40
Social closure and cultural distinction......Page 45
Heterogeneity: variations over schemes......Page 46
Power and the formation of subcultures......Page 48
Cultural change......Page 50
Conclusion......Page 52
The fallacies of a disciplinary division of labour......Page 54
Four approaches to nationalism and modernity......Page 56
Instrumentalism and rational choice......Page 57
Neo-romanticism......Page 58
Halfway on the road to modernity......Page 59
End of the road......Page 60
Imagining the nation......Page 64
Closing the lines......Page 69
Two variants of compromise and closure......Page 76
Explaining the salience of the nation-state model: a hypothesis......Page 82
Part II State-building and ethnic conflict......Page 95
4 Who owns the state? Ethnic conflicts after the end of empires......Page 97
‘Like over like’ – political legitimacy in modern nation-states......Page 100
The politicisation of ethnic difference......Page 103
The ethnicisation of political conflicts......Page 108
Explaining ethnic mobilisation: economic interests, primordial bonds, psychological needs or the power of ideology?......Page 109
Struggling over collective goods......Page 113
Who pays the costs?......Page 116
The logic of escalation......Page 118
Conclusion......Page 124
5 Nationalism and ethnic mobilisation in Mexico......Page 126
The mosaic society......Page 127
Creole patriotism and historical indigenismo......Page 131
The nationalisation of the state,1821 to 1910......Page 135
Liberalism, republicanism and anti-Indianism, 1821 to 1876......Page 136
Progress and early ethnic nationalism, 1876 to 1910......Page 142
The rise of mestizo nationalism......Page 148
The birth of the mestizo nation......Page 150
Realising the vision: the politics of cultural assimilation......Page 152
Political subordination......Page 153
Entry: assimilation and passing......Page 155
Exit: the reinforcement of Indian communities......Page 159
Voice: the formation of Indian movements......Page 161
Nationalism and counter-nationalism......Page 165
6 From empire to ethnocracy: Iraq since the Ottomans......Page 168
Multiculturalism avant la lettre......Page 169
Cracks in the mosaic: the Ottoman reform period......Page 173
Modernising the empire......Page 174
The rise of the ethnic question......Page 176
The politicisation of Kurdish and Christian ethnicity......Page 178
Ottoman decentralists of Kurdish origin......Page 179
Sheikhs and aghas......Page 180
From millet to nation: Christian independence movements......Page 183
The Arabisation of the Iraqi state......Page 184
A state for Sunni Arabs: the mandate and early independence......Page 185
The institutionalisation of Sunni Arab rule......Page 187
Countering the hegemonic project......Page 192
Shii rebellions and the Assyrian question......Page 193
The spread of Kurdish nationalism......Page 195
Ottoman Kurdish notables......Page 196
Urban middle-class nationalism......Page 197
Tribal nationalism......Page 199
Autonomy and repression,1940 to the present......Page 201
Stateless people – the pariah of the modern age......Page 206
Part III The politics of exclusion in nationalised states......Page 209
7 Racism and xenophobia......Page 211
Defining a research strategy......Page 212
Rational choice theory......Page 214
Functionalism and socio-biology......Page 217
Discourse theory......Page 220
Phenomenology......Page 222
Struggling over collective goods......Page 224
Perspectives for future research......Page 229
Conclusion......Page 232
8 Nationalising multi-ethnic Switzerland......Page 234
Why Switzerland?......Page 235
The ancien régime (to 1798)......Page 237
Revolution, restoration, regeneration and revolution (1798 to 1848)......Page 241
Laying the foundation for language peace (1848 to 1874)......Page 242
From patriotism to nationalism (1874 to 1914)......Page 246
The appearance of the ethno-linguistic divide (1914 to 1918)......Page 248
The ethnicisation of republican nationalism (1919 to 1945)......Page 250
Webs of friendship: associations, societies and clubs......Page 253
Trans-ethnic patriotism......Page 256
A nation of citoyens: republican state formation......Page 258
The deterioration of the status of immigrants......Page 261
The liberal era (1848 to 1914)......Page 263
Welfare state and aliens police (1914 to 1949)......Page 267
The guest-worker model (1948 to 1963)......Page 272
Opening the welfare state – limiting immigration (1963 onwards)......Page 273
Conclusion......Page 278
References......Page 281
Index......Page 318