National Building Code of India 2016 Volume 1

First Page
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA 2016 VOLUME 1
CONTENTS
	Volume 1
	Volume 2
FOREWORD
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Important Explanatory Note for Users of the Code
INFORMATION FOR THE USERS ABOUT AVAILABILITY OF THE CODE IN GROUPS
PART 0  INTEGRATED APPROACH - PREREQUISITE FOR APPLYING PROVISIONS OF THE CODE
	CONTENTS
	FOREWORD
	1  SCOPE
	2 TERMINOLOGY
		2.1 Authority Having Jurisdiction
		2.2 Building
		2.3 Owner
	3 GENERAL
	4 TEAM APPROACH
	5 PLANNING, DESIGNING ANDDEVELOPMENT
	6 CONSTRUCTION/EXECUTION  (ACTUAL-IZATION)
	7 OPERATION,  MAINTENANCE,  DE-COMMISSIONING AND DECONSTRUCTION
	ANNEX A - BRIEF DETAILS OF THE COVERAGE OF VARIOUS PROVISIONS UNDER DIFFERENT
PARTS/SECTIONS OF THE CODE
		A-1 PART 1 DEFINITIONS
		A-2 PART 2 ADMINISTRATION
		A-3 PART 3 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULESAND GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
		A-4 PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY
		A-5 PART 5 BUILDING MATERIALS
		A-6 PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
			A-6.1 Section 1 Loads, Forces and Effects
			A-6.2 Section 2 Soils and Foundations
			A-6.3 Section 3 Timber and Bamboo
			A-6.4 Section 4 Masonry
			A-6.5 Section 5 Concrete
			A-6.6 Section 6 Steel
			A-6.7 Section 7 Prefabrication, Systems Buildingand Mixed/Composite Construction
			A-6.8 Section 8 Glass and Glazing
		A-7 PART 7 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT,PRACTICES AND SAFETY
		A-8 PART 8 BUILDING SERVICES
			A-8.1 Section 1 Lighting and Natural Ventilation
			A-8.2 Section 2 Electrical and Allied Installations
			A-8.3 Section 3 Air Conditioning, Heating andMechanical Ventilation
			A-8.4 Section 4 Acoustics, Sound Insulation andNoise Control
			A-8.5 Section 5 Installation of Lifts, Escalators andMoving Walks
			A-8.6 Section 6 Information and CommunicationEnabled Installations
		A-9  PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES (INCLUD-ING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT)
			A-9.1 Section 1 Water Supply
			A-9.2 Section 2 Drainage and Sanitation
			A-9.3 Section 3 Solid Waste Management
			A-9.4 Section 4 Gas Supply
		A-10 PART 10 LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT,SIGNS  AND  OUTDOOR  DISPLAYSTRUCTURES
			A-10.1 Section 1 Landscape Planning, Design andDevelopment
			A-10.2  Section  2  Signs  and Outdoor DisplayStructures
		A-11  PART  11  APPROACH  TO  SUSTAIN-ABILITY
		A-12 PART 12 ASSET AND FACILITY MANAGE-MENT
PART 1 DEFINITIONS
	FOREWORD
	1 SCOPE
PART 2 ADMINISTRATION
	CONTENTS
	FOREWORD
	SECTION 1 GENERAL
		1 SCOPE
		2 TERMINOLOGY
			2.1 Accessory Use
			2.2 Alteration
			2.3 Approved
			2.4 Authority Having Jurisdiction
			2.5 Building
			2.6 Building, Height of
			2.7 Building Line
			2.8 Conversion
			2.9 Development
			2.10 Drain
			2.11 Drainage
			2.12 Occupancy or Use Group
			2.13 Occupier
			2.14 Operational Construction/Installation
			2.15 Owner
			2.16 Permit
			2.17 Registered Architect, Engineer, StructuralEngineer, Geotechnical Engineer, Supervisor, TownPlanner, Landscape Architect, Urban Designer
			2.18 Road
			2.19 Road Line
			2.20 Room Height
			2.21  Sanctioned  Plan
			2.22 Service Road
			2.23 Set-Back Line
			2.24 Site (Plot)
			2.25 Street
			2.26  Street  Level  or Grade
			2.27 Street Line
			2.28 To Erect
			2.29  Unsafe  Building
		3 APPLICABILITY OF THE CODE
			3.8 Existing Buildings/Development
		4 INTERPRETATION
		5 ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS, METHODS OFDESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION, AND TESTS
			5.3  Tests
	SECTION 2 ORGANIZATION ANDENFORCEMENT
		6 DEPARTMENT OF BUILDINGS
			6.2 Appointment of Team of Building Officials
			6.3 Organization
			6.4 Delegation of Powers
			6.5 Qualification of Building Officials
			6.6 Qualifications of Assistant
			6.7 Restriction on Employees
			6.8  Records
		7  POWER  AND  DUTIES  OF  TEAM  OFBUILDING OFFICIALS
			7.1 Application and Permits
			7.2  Building Notices and Orders
			7.3 Right of Entry
			7.4 Inspection
			7.5 Construction Not According to Plan
			7.6 Modification
			7.7  Occupancy Violations
		8 BOARD OF APPEALS
		9 VIOLATIONS AND PENALTIES
			9.1 Offences and Penalties
			9.2  Further Obligation of Offender
			9.3 Conviction No Bar to Further Prosecution
		10 POWER TO MAKE RULES
	SECTION 3 PERMIT AND INSPECTION
		11 DEVELOPMENT/BUILDING PERMIT
			11.1 Permit Required
			11.2 Pre-Code Development/Building Permit
		12  APPLICATION  FOR  DEVELOPMENT/BUILDING PERMIT
			12.1 Application
			12.2 Information Accompanying Notice
			Table 1 Drawing Sheet Sizes
			Table 2 Colouring of Plans
			12.3 Preparation and Signing of Plans
			12.4 Notice for Alteration Only
			12.6 Duration of Sanction
			12.7 Deviations During Construction
			12.8 Revocation of Permit
			12.9 Qualification  of  Architects,  Engineers,Structural Engineers, Geotechnical Engineers,Supervisors, Town Planners, Landscape Architects,Urban Designers, Services Personnel and Builder/Constructor
			12.10 Grant of Sanction or Refusal
		13 RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES OF THEOWNER
			13.3 Documents at Site
		14 INSPECTION, OCCUPANCY PERMIT ANDPOST-OCCUPANCY INSPECTION
			14.4 Periodic Occupancy Renewal
		15 UNSAFE BUILDING
			15.2 Examination of Unsafe Building
			15.3 Notice to Owner, Occupier
			15.4 Disregard of Notice
			15.5 Cases of Emergency
			15.6 Costs
		16 DEMOLITION OF BUILDING
		17 VALIDITY
			17.1 Partial Invalidity
			17.2 Segregation of Invalid Provisions
			17.3 Decisions Involving Existing Buildings
		18 ARCHITECTURAL CONTROL
		ANNEX A - GUIDE FOR THE QUALIFICATIONS AND COMPETENCE OF PROFESSIONALS
			A-1 ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS
			A-2 REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATIONAND COMPETENCE OF PROFESSIONALS
				A-2.1 Architect
				A-2.2 Engineer
				A-2.3 Structural Engineer
				A-2.4 Geotechnical Engineer
				A-2.5 Supervisor
				A-2.6 Town Planner
				A-2.7 Landscape Architect
				A-2.8 Urban Designer
				A-2.9 Engineers for Utility Services
				A-2.10 BUILDER/CONSTRUCTOR
				A-2.10.1 Competence
		ANNEX B - FORM FOR FIRST APPLICATION TO DEVELOP, ERECT, RE-ERECT OR TO
MAKE ALTERATION IN ANY PLACE IN A BUILDING
		ANNEX C - FORM FOR CERTIFICATE FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN SUFFICIENCY
		ANNEX D - FORM FOR ENGAGEMENT OF BUILDER/CONSTRUCTOR
		ANNEX E - FORM FOR SUPERVISION
		ANNEX F - FORM FOR SANCTION OR REFUSAL OF DEVELOPMENT/BUILDING PERMIT
		ANNEX G - FORM FOR NOTICE FOR COMMENCEMENT
		ANNEX H - FORM FOR CERTIFICATE FOR SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION
		ANNEX J - FORM FOR CERTIFICATE FOR COMPLETED STRUCTURAL DESIGN WORK AS PER
STRUCTURAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
		ANNEX K - FORM FOR CERTIFICATE FOR SUPERVISION OF WORK
		ANNEX M -  FORM FOR CERTIFICATE FOR COMPLETED WORK BY BUILDER/CONSTRUCTOR
		ANNEX N - FORM FOR COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
		ANNEX P - FORM FOR OCCUPANCY PERMIT
PART 3 DEVELOPMENT CONTROL RULES ANDGENERAL BUILDING REQUIRMENTS
	CONTENTS
	FOREWORD
	1 SCOPE
	2 TERMINOLOGY
		2.1 Access
		2.2 Accessory Use
		2.3 Alteration
		2.4 Approved
		2.5 Authority Having Jurisdiction
		2.6 Back-to-Back Cluster
		FIG. 1 - BACK TO BACK CLUSTER
		2.7 Balcony
		2.8 Basement or Cellar
		2.9 Building
		2.10 Building, Height of
		2.11 Building Envelope
		2.12 Building Line
		2.13 Cabin
		2.14 Canopy
		2.15 Carpet Area
		2.16 Chhajja
		2.17 Chimney
		2.18 Chowk or Courtyard
		2.19 Chowk, Inner
		2.20 Chowk, Outer
		2.21 Closed Clusters
		FIG. 2 -  CLOSED CLUSTER
		2.22 Cluster
		2.23 Cluster Court Town House
		2.24 Cluster Plot
		2.25 Cooking Alcove
		2.26 Covered Area
		FIG. 3 CLUSTER
		2.27 \'Cul-de-Sac\' Cluster
		FIG. 4 - CUL-DE-SAC CLUSTER
		2.28 Density
		2.29 Detached Building
		2.30 Development
		2.31 Drain
		2.32 Drainage
		2.33 Dwelling Unit/Tenement
		2.34 Escalator
		2.35 Exit
		2.36 External Faces of Cluster
		2.37  Fire  Separation
		2.38 Floor
		2.39 Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
		2.40 Gallery
		2.41 Garage, Private
		2.42 Garage, Public
		2.43 Group Housing
		2.44 Group Open Space
		2.45 Habitable Room
		2.46 Independent Cluster
		FIG. 5 - INDEPENDENT CLUSTER
		2.47 Interlocking Cluster
		FIG. 6 - INTERLOCKING CLUSTER
		2.48 Internal Faces of Cluster
		2.49 Ledge  or  Tand
		2.50 Lift
		2.51 Loft
		2.52 Master Plan
		2.53 Mezzanine  Floor
		2.54 Occupancy or Use Group
		2.55 Occupancy, Mixed
		2.56 Open Clusters
		FIG. 7 - OPEN CLUSTER
		2.57 Open Space
		2.58 Open Space, Front
		2.59 Open Space, Rear
		2.60 Open Space, Side
		2.61 Owner
		2.62 Parapet
		2.63  Parking  Space
		2.64 Partition
		2.65 Plinth
		2.66  Plinth Area
		2.67 Porch
		2.68 Road
		2.69 Road Line
		2.70 Room Height
		2.71 Row Housing/Row Type Building
		2.72 Semi-Detached Building
		2.73 Service Road/Lane
		2.74 Set-Back Line
		2.75 Site (Plot)
		2.76 Site, Corner
		2.77 Site, Depth of
		2.78 Site, Double Frontage
		2.79 Site, Interior or Tandem
		2.80 Staircover (or Mumty)
		2.81 Storey
		2.82 Storey, Topmost
		2.83 Street
		2.84  Street  Level  or Grade
		2.85 Street Line
		2.86 To Erect
		2.87 Tower-Like Structures
		2.88 Verandah
		2.89 Volume to Plot Area Ratio (VPR)
		2.90 Water Closet
		2.91 Window
	3 LAND USE CLASSIFICATION AND USES PERMITTED
		3.1 Land Use Classification
		3.3 Uses to be in Conformity with the Zone
		3.4 Uses as Specifically Designated on Development/Master Plan
		3.5 Non-Conforming Uses
		3.6 Fire Safety
		3.7 Transferable Development Rights (TDR)
		3.8 Accommodation Reservation (AR)
	4 MEANS OF ACCESS
		4.3 Width of Means of Access
		Table 1 - Width and Length of Means of Access
		Table 2 - Capacity of Footpath and Design
		Table 3 - Required Width of Footpath as perAdjacent Land Use
		4.5 Access from Highways/Important Roads
		4.8 Intersection of Roads
	5 COMMUNITY  OPEN  SPACES  ANDAMENITIES
		5.1 Residential and Commercial Zones
		FIG. 8 BUILDINGS ON PODIUM AND THEIR RAMPS
			8A - BUILDING ON PODIUM
			8B - 8B RAMPS FOR PODIUM
		FIG.9 REQUIREMENT FOR FIRE TENDER ACCESS
			9A - EMERGENCY VEHICLE ACCESS REQUIREMENT IN CASE PODIUM IS NOT ACCESSIBLE BY FIRE TENDER
			9B EXTENT OF PODIUM PROJECTION ALLOWED BEYOND BUILDING ON SIDE HAVING FIRE TNEDER ACCESS(IF PODIUM IS NOT ACCESSIBLE BY FIRE TENDER)
			9C - PODIUM PROJECTION IF PODIUM IS NOT ACCESSIBLE BY FIRE TENDER
			9D - FIRE TENDER ACCESS REQUIREMENT IN CASE PODIUM IS ACCESSIBLE BY FIRE TENDER
		5.4 Industrial Zones
		5.5 Other Amenities
	6 REQUIREMENTS OF PLOTS
		6.2 Damp Sites
		6.3 Surface Water Drains
		6.4 Distance from Electric Lines
		6.5 Distance from Water Course/Area
		6.6 Size of Plots
	7 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
	8 OPEN SPACES (WITHIN A PLOT)
		8.1 General
		8.2 Residential Buildings
		Table 4 - Side and Rear Open Spaces for DifferentHeights of Buildings
		FIG. 10 OPEN SPACES AROUND TOWER-LIKE STRUCTURES
			10A  - FOR BUILDINGS HEIGHT (H) UP TO 24 m
			10B - FOR BUILDINGS HEIGHT (H) BETWEEN 24 mAND 37.5 m
			10C - FOR BUILDINGS HEIGHT (H) BETWEEN 37.5 mAND 70 m
			10D - FOR BUILDINGS HEIGHT (H) BETWEEN 70 mAND 120 m
			10E - FOR BUILDINGS HEIGHT (H) ABOVE 120 m
		8.3 Other Occupancies
		8.4 Exemption to Open Spaces
		8.5 Limitations to Open Spaces
	9 AREA AND HEIGHT LIMITATIONS
		9.1 General
		9.3 Street Width
		9.4 Height Limit
		9.5 Restrictions in the Vicinity of Aerodromes
		Table 5 - Comparative Floor Area Ratios for Occupancies Facing One PublicStreet of at least 9 m Width
		9.6 Group Housing
		Table 6 - Floor Area Ratio and Coveragefor Group Housing
	10 OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES
	11 GREENBELTS, LANDSCAPING AND WATERCONSERVATION
		11.1 General
		11.2 Norms for Planting of Shrubs and Trees
		11.6 Water Conservation and Augmentation
	13 REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSIBILITY INBUILT ENVIRONMENT  FOR ELDERS ANDPERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
		13.1 General
		13.3 General Design Considerations
		Table 7 - Key Accessibility Issues
		Table 8 - Minimum Accessibility Provisions in Different Building Occupancies
	12 REQUIREMENTS OF PARTS OF BUILDINGS
		12.1 Plinth
		12.2 Habitable Rooms
		12.3 Kitchen
		12.4 Bathrooms and Water-Closets
		12.5 Ledge or Tand/Loft
		12.6 Mezzanine Floor
		12.7 Store Room
		12.8 Garage
		12.9 Basement
		12.10 Chimneys
		12.11 Parapet
		12.12 Cabin
		12.13 Boundary Wall
		12.14 Wells
		FIG. 11 - BASEMENT
		12.15 Septic Tanks
		12.16 Office-Cum-Letter Box Room
		12.17 Meter Rooms
		12.18 Staircase/Exit Requirements
		12.19 Roofs
	15 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CLUSTERPLANNING FOR HOUSING
	14  SPECIAL  REQUIREMENTS  OF  LOWINCOME HOUSING IN URBAN AREAS
	16  SPECIAL  REQUIREMENTS  FOR  LOWINCOME HABITAT  PLANNING  IN RURALAREAS
	17  SPECIAL  REQUIREMENTS  FORDEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN HILLY AREAS
	18 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY
	19 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
	20 LIGHTING AND VENTILATION
	21 ELECTRICAL AND ALLIED  INSTALLA-TIONS  (INCLUDING  LIGHTNINGPROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND SOLARENERGY UTILIZATION)
		21.2 Solar Energy Utilization
	22  AIR  CONDITIONING,  HEATING  ANDMECHANICAL VENTILATION
	23 ACOUSTICS,  SOUND  INSULATION ANDNOISE CONTROL
	24 HEAT INSULATION
	25 INSTALLATION OF LIFTS, ESCALATORSAND MOVING WALKS
	26  INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONENABLED INSTALLATIONS
	27 PLUMBING SERVICES (INCLUDING SOLIDWASTE MANAGEMENT)
	28 SUSTAINABILITY
	29 ASSET AND FACILITY MANAGEMENT
	ANNEX A - OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES
		Table 9  - Norms for Off-Street Parking Spaces
	ANNEX B - ANTHROPOMETRICS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSIBILITY IN BUILT-ENVIRONMENT
FOR ELDERS AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
		B-1 ANTHROPOMETRICS
			B-1.1 Mobility Devices and Space Allowance
			FIG. 12 - NOMENCLATURE OF BASIC ELEMENTS OF WHEELCHAIR
			FIG. 13 - NECESSARY SPACE UNDER COUNTER OR STANDFOR EASE OF WHEELCHAIR USERS
			FIG. 14 - CLEAR FLOOR SPACE
			FIG. 15 - PREFERRED COMFORTABLE TURNING RADIUS
			FIG. 16 - PASSAGEWAY REQUIRED FOR PEOPLEWHO USES WALKING AIDS
			FIG. 17 - SPACE ALLOWANCE (RADIAL RANGE) FORPEOPLE USING WHITE CANES
			B-1.2 Reach Range
			FIG. 18  - RANGE OF REACH OF WHEELCHAIR USER
			FIG. 19 - FORWARD REACH WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
			FIG. 20 - FORWARD REACH OVER OBSTRUCTION
			FIG. 21 - SIDE REACH WITHOUT OBSTRUCTION
			FIG. 22 - SIDE REACH OVER OBSTRUCTION
			B-1.3 Vision Zone
			B-1.4 Heights and Widths
			FIG. 23-  COMMON REACHING ZONE
			FIG. 24 -  FIELD OF VISION
			FIG. 25 - VISION ZONE
		B-2 SITE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
			B-2.1 General
			B-2.2 Walkways and Pathways
			B-2.2.2 Width of the Walkway/Pathway
			FIG. 26 - DIFFERENT SURFACE WIDTHS OF THE PATH DEPENDING ON TRAFFIC
			FIG. 27 - EXAMPLES FOR PASSING PLACES FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS
			B-2.3 Kerb Ramp/Dropped Kerb
			FIG. 28 - \\EXAMPLES OF PROTECTION AGAINST FALLING
			B-2.4 Levels, Grooves, Gratings and Manholes
			B-2.5 Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI) - Tactile Guiding and Warning Blocks
			FIG. 29 - KERB EXTENSION AT STREET INTERSECTION
			FIG. 30 - INSTALLATION OF GRATING
			FIG. 31 - TACTILE GROUND SURFACE INDICATORS (TGSI)
			FIG. 32 - INSTALLATION OF TGSI
			FIG. 33 - EXAMPLE OF TACTILE GROUND SURFACE INDICATORS USED IN OPEN AREAS
			B-2.6 Barriers and Hazards
			FIG. 34 - SOLITARY OBSTACLES
			B-2.7 Lighting for Walkways
			FIG. 35 - WARNING GUARDRAIL IN CASE OF INSUFFICIENT HEADROOM
		B-3 DESIGNATED ACCESSIBLE  PARKINGSPACE
			B-3.1 Location of Parking
			B-3.2 Number of Designated Accessible ParkingSpaces
			B-3.3 Signage for Parking
			FIG. 36 - DIRECTIONAL SIGNAGE LEADING TODESIGNATED ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACES
			FIG. 37 - VERTICAL SIGN AT DESIGNATED ACCESSIBLEPARKING SPACES
			B-3.4 Car Park Entrance and Parking Controls
			B-3.5 Accessible Car Parking Space Dimensions andSurface Requirements
			FIG. 38 - ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACES ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACES WITH ONE SHARED TRANSFER AREA
			FIG. 39 - ACCESSIBLE ROUTE WIDTH FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS TO PASS BEHIND A PARKED VEHICLE
			FIG. 40 - PARKING SPACE ALONG A FOOTPATH/SIDEWALK
			B-3.6 Kerb Ramp  from  Parking  Space  to  anAdjacent Higher Pedestrian Path
		B-4 APPROACH TO THE BUILDING
		B-5 ACCESS AT ENTRANCE AND WITHINTHE BUILDING
			B-5.1 General Requirements
			B-5.2 Internal Corridors and Accessible Routes
			FIG. 41 - DIFFERENT CORRIDOR WIDTHS DETERMINED BY THE INTENSITY OF USE
			FIG. 42  - SPACE REQUIRED FOR 90º TURN
			B-5.3 Doors
			FIG. 43 -  MINIMUM CLEAR OPENING OF DOORWAYS
			FIG. 44 - MANOEUVRING SPACE NEEDED BY WHEELCHAIR USERS TO APPROACH DOORS
			FIG. 45 - POSITION TAKEN BY A WHEELCHAIR USER WHEN NEGOTIATING DOOR IN PASSAGE WAY
			FIG. 46 -  SPACE BETWEEN TWO HINGED OR PIVOTED DOORS IN SERIES
			FIG. 47 - DOOR HARDWARE LOCATION
			FIG. 48 - VISION PANEL
			FIG. 49 - PERMANENT MANIFESTATION ON GLASS DOOR
			B-5.4 Windows
			B-5.5 Handrails and Grab Bars
			FIG. 50 - REQUIREMENTS FOR WINDOWS
			FIG. 51 - HANDRAILS
			FIG. 52 - HANDRAILS AT TWO LEVELS TO HELP CHILDREN AND PEOPLE WITH SHORT STATUR
			FIG. 53 - HANDRAILS FOR STEPS AND STAIRS
			FIG. 54 - TYPICAL HANDRAIL EXTENSIONS
		B-6 LEVEL CHANGES
			B-6.1 General
			B-6.2 Ramps
			Table 10 - Requirements for Ramp
			FIG. 55 -  EXAMPLES OF RAMP WITH SLOPE 1:20 AND HORIZONTAL LANDINGS AT BEGINNING AND END
			FIG. 56 - LANDING DETAILS FOR RAMPS
			B-6.4 Lifts
			FIG. 57 - WAY FINDING SIGNAGE FOR LIFT LOCATION
			FIG. 58 -  LIFT SIZE
			FIG. 59 - PLACEMENT OF LIFT ACCESSORIES
			B-6.5 Escalators and Moving Walks
			B-6.6 Vertical and Inclined Lifting Platforms
			FIG. 60 - VERTICAL LIFTING PLATFORMS
			FIG. 61 - INCLINED LIFTING PLATFORMS
		B-7 OPERATING CONTROLS AND DEVICES
			B-7.1 General
			B-7.2 Location, Heights and Distances
			B-7.3 Location of Controls from Walls, Corners andOpening Doors
			B-7.4 Operation
			FIG. 62 - HEIGHTS OF SWITCHES, SOCKET OUTLETS, READING CONTROLS ANDCONTROLS ON A HORIZONTAL SURFACE
			FIG. 63 - DOOR HANDLE TYPES AND HEIGHTS
			FIG. 64  - POSITION OF DOOR AND ACCESS CONTROLS
			FIG. 65 - DISTANCE OF CONTROLS FOR POWERED DOOR OPENERS
			B-7.5 Identification
			B-7.6 Usability
			FIG. 66 - EXAMPLES OF D-LEVER AND VERTICAL DOOR HANDLES
			B-7.7 Telephones
			B-7.8 Mailbox/Dropbox
			B-7.9 Vending Machine, Card Access, DispensingMachines and Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs),etc
			FIG. 67 -  SPACE ALLOWANCE FOR A WHEELCHAIR USER FOR USING TELEPHONE
			FIG. 68 -  HEIGHT OF TELEPHONE CONTROLS FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS
			FIG. 69 - EXAMPLE OF A VENDING MACHINE
			B-7.10 Security Access Systems
			B-7.11 Drinking Water Facility
			FIG. 70 - CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AND KNEE SPACE REQUIREMENT FOR A WALL/POST-MOUNTED DRINKING WATER UNIT
			FIG. 71 - CLEAR FLOOR SPACE FOR FREESTANDING ORBUILT-IN DRINKING WATER UNIT NOT HAVING CLEARSPACE UNDER THE UNIT
			B-7.12 Dust Bin
		B-8 SEATING SPACES
			B-8.1 General
			B-8.2 Seating in Waiting Areas
			B-8.3 Seating at Desks, Tables, etc
			FIG. 72 - EXAMPLE OF A BENCH WITH ARMRESTS AND BACK SUPPORT
			FIG. 73 - TABLE AND DESK HEIGHT FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS
		B-9 TOILET ROOMS AND SANITARY ROOMS
			B-9.1 General
			B-9.2 Wheelchair User Accessible Toilet Rooms
			FIG. 74 - EXAMPLE OF TYPE A TOILET ROOM - LATERAL TRANSFER FROM BOTH SIDES
			FIG. 75 - TYPE A TOILET ROOM TRANSFER OPTIONS
			B-9.3 WC Compartments for Ambulant DisabledPeople
			FIG. 76 - EXAMPLE OF TYPE B CORNER TOILET ROOM - LATERAL TRANSFER FROM ONE SIDE ONLY
			FIG. 77 - TYPE B TOILET ROOM TRANSFER OPTIONS
			B-9.4 Toilet or Sanitary Room Doors
			B-9.5 Water-Closet
			FIG. 78 -  TOILET FOR AMBULANT DISABLED WITH L-SHAPED GRAB BAR
			FIG. 79 - PLACEMENT OF FIXTURES IN TOILET FOR AMBULANT DISABLED
			B-9.6 Grab Bars
			B-9.7 Washbasin
			FIG. 80 -  POSITIONING OF GRAB BARS, WATER SUPPLY AND OTHER TOILET ACCESSORIES IN TYPE B CORNER TOILET
			FIG. 81 - PLACEMENT OF WASHBASIN AND MIRROR ABOVE THE WASHBASINWITH DISTANCE OF SANITARY APPLIANCES
			FIG. 82 - WASHBASIN WITH KNEE/TOE CLEARANCE
			B-9.8 Other Toilet Accessories and Fittings
			B-9.9 Water Supply
			B-9.10 Taps
			B-9.11 Urinals
			B-9.12 Alarm
			FIG. 83  - URINAL FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS
			FIG. 84  - CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AND MOUNTING HEIGHTS FOR URINALS
			B-9.13 Emergency Warning Alarm
			B-9.14 Shower and Changing Rooms
			FIG. 85 - SELF-CONTAINED SHOWER ROOM FOR INDIVIDUAL USE
			FIG. 86 - SELF-CONTAINED CHANGING ROOM FOR INDIVIDUAL USE
			FIG. 87 SHOWER ROOM INCORPORATING AN ACCESSIBLE CORNER TOILET FOR INDIVIDUAL USE
			FIG. 88 - EXAMPLE OF A SHOWER PLACE WITH GRAB RAILS, ADJUSTABLE SHOWER HEAD AND FOLDING SEAT
			B-9.15 Public Toilets
			B-9.16 Contrast and Lighting
			B-9.17 Floor Surface
			B-9.18 Signage
		B-10 RECEPTION AREAS, COUNTERS, DESKSAND TICKET OFFICES
			B-10.1 Hearing and Lip-Reading
			FIG. 89 - SIGNAGE FOR DIFFERENT SANITARY FACILITIES
			FIG. 90 - SIGNAGE INDICATING TRANSFER OPTIONS (RIGHT HAND OR LEFT HAND) IN UNISEX ACCESSIBLE TOILET
			B-10.2 Location
			B-10.3 Space to Manoeuvre
			B-10.4 Height
			B-10.5 Lighting
			B-10.6 Ticket Systems
		B-11 CLOAKROOM
			FIG. 91 - HEIGHTS OF COUNTERS SUITABLE FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS AND PEOPLE STANDING
		B-12  AUDITORIUMS,  CONCERT  HALLS,SPORTS ARENAS AND SIMILAR SEATING
			B-12.1 Hearing Enhancement Systems
			B-12.2 Lighting for Sign Language Interpretation
			B-12.3 Designated Seating Areas for WheelchairUsers
			B-12.4 Access to Stage and Backstage
			B-12.5 Row and Seat Numbers
			B-12.6 Accessible Changing Rooms
		B-13 CONFERENCE ROOMS AND MEETINGROOMS
			FIG. 92 - EXAMPLES OF VIEWING SPACES FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS
		B-14 VIEWING SPACES IN ASSEMBLY AREAS
			B-14.1 Floor Area
			B-14.2 Sight Lines
		B-15 BARS, PUBS, RESTAURANTS, ETC
		B-16 TERRACES, VERANDAHS AND BALCONIES
		B-17  ACCESSIBLE  BEDROOMS  IN  NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGS
			FIG. 93 - EXAMPLE OF SPACE ALLOWANCES FOR ACCESSIBLE BEDROOM
			FIG. 94 - EXAMPLE OF SPACE ALLOWANCES FOR ACCESSIBLE BEDROOM AND TOILET/SANITARY ROOM
			B-18 KITCHEN AREAS
			FIG. 95 - REQUIREMENTS FOR COUNTER TOP
			FIG. 96 - KITCHEN SHELVES AND CABINETS
		B-19 STORAGE AREAS
		B-20 ACCESSIBLE HOUSING
			B-20.1 Exterior, Entrance and Access within theBuilding
			B-20.2 Interio
			B-20.2.2 Floor Surface
			B-20.3 Bedroom
			FIG. 97 - SPACE AROUND BED
			FIG. 98 - STORAGE SPACE
			B-20.4 Living Room
			B-20.5 Toilet or Sanitary Room
			B-20.6 Kitchen
		B-21 ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT
			B-21.1 General
			B-21.2 Acoustic Requirements
			B-21.3 Hearing Enhancement Systems
			FIG. 99 - EXAMPLE OF INDUCTION LOOP SYSTEM IN CONFERENCE ROOM
		B-22 LIGHTING
			B-22.1 General
			B-22.2 External Lighting
			B-22.3 Natural Lighting
			B-22.4 Artificial Lighting
			B-22.5 Lighting to Facilitate Wayfinding
			B-22.6 Controllable and Adjustable Lighting
			B-22.7 Light Levels in Different Areas
			B-22.8 Lighting in Auditoriums
			B-22.9 Glare and Shadows
		B-23  EMERGENCY  EVACUATION  INBUILDINGS
		B-24 ORIENTATION AND  INFORMATION,SIGNAGE,  GRAPHICAL  SYMBOLS  ANDVISUAL CONTRAST
			B-24.1 Orientation and Information
			B-24.2 Signage and Graphical Symbols
			FIG. 100 - HEIGHT OF SIGNS
			FIG. 101 - LOCATION OF DOOR SIGNS ON THE LATCH SIDE OF THE DOORFIG. 102 LINE HEIGHT AND SPACINGFIG. 103 DIMENSIONS OF CHARACTER IN A SIGNAGE SYSTEM
			FIG. 102 - LINE HEIGHT AND SPACING
			FIG. 103 - DIMENSIONS OF CHARACTER IN A SIGNAGE SYSTEM
			FIG. 104 - EXAMPLE OF RAISED TACTILE SIGNS ANDBRAILLE
			FIG. 105 - INTERNATIONAL SYMBOL OF ACCESSIBILITY
			FIG. 106 - ACCESSIBLE FACILITY OR ENTRANCE
			FIG. 107 - SLOPED OR RAMPED ACCESS
			FIG. 108 - TOILETS ACCESSIBLE, FEMALE AND MALE
			FIG. 109 - TOILETS ACCESSIBLE, FEMALE
			FIG. 110 - TOILETS ACCESSIBLE, MALE
			FIG. 111 - ACCESSIBLE LIFT
			FIG. 112 - ACCESSIBILITY, BLIND OR LOW VISION
			FIG. 113 - ACCESSIBILITY, LIMITED WALKINGCAPABILITY
			FIG. 114 - ACCESSIBILITY, ASSISTANCE DOG
			FIG. 115 -  ACCESSIBILITY, HARD OF HEARING
			FIG. 116 - ACCESSIBILITY, PERSONAL ASSISTANTAVAILABLE
			FIG. 117 - ACCESSIBILITY, VISION IMPAIRED
			B-24.3 Visual Contrast
			FIG. 118 - ACCESSIBLE EMERGENCY EXIT ROUTE
			Table 11 - Minimum Difference in LRV According to the Visual Task
		B-25 MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCEISSUES
			B-25.2 External Issues
			B-25.3 Internal Issues
			B-25.4 Maintenance Issues
			B-25.5 Communication Issues
			B-25.6 Policy Issues
	ANNEX C - SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW INCOME HOUSING IN URBAN AREAS
		C-1 GENERAL
		C-2 PLANNING
			C-2.1 Type of Development
			C-2.2 Layout Pattern
			C-2.3 Plot Area
			C-2.4 Density
			C-2.5 Height of Building
			C-2.6 Cluster Planning
		C-3 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
			C-3.1 General
			C-3.2 Plinth
			C-3.3 Size of Room
			C-3.4 Basement
			C-3.5 Minimum Height
			C-3.6 Lighting and Ventilation
			C-3.7 Stairs
			C-3.8 Circulation Area
			C-3.9 Water Seal Latrine
		C-4 ROADS AND PATHWAYS
		C-5 OTHER REQUIREMENTS
		C-6 SITE AND SERVICES SCHEMES
	ANNEX D - SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF CLUSTER PLANNING FOR HOUSING
		D-1 GENERAL
		D-2 PLANNING
			D-2.1 Plot Size
			D-2.2 Plot/Plinth Area for Slum Resettlement onSame Site
			D-2.3 Group Housin
			D-2.4 Size of Cluster
			D-2.5  Size of Cluster Open Space
			D-2.6 Setbacks
			D-2.7  Right to Build in Sky
			D-2.8  Vehicular Access
			D-2.9 Pedestrian Paths
			D-2.10 Width of Access Between Two Cluster
			D-2.11 Density
			D-2.12 Group Toilet
		D-3 OTHER REQUIREMENTS
			D-3.1  Requirements of Building Design
	ANNEX E - SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW INCOME HABITAT PLANNING IN RURAL AREAS
		E-1 GENERAL
		E-2  SETTLEMENT   AND    ENVIRONMENTPLANNING
		E-3 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS(HOMESTEAD)
			E-3.1 General
			E-3.2 Plinth
			E-3.3 Size of Room
			E-3.4 Minimum Height
			E-3.5 Lighting and Ventilation
			E-3.6 Stairs
			E-3.7 Water Seal Latrine
		E-4 OTHER REQUIREMENTS
			E-4.3 Drainage System
			E-4.5 Community Facilities
	ANNEX F - SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN HILLY AREAS
		F-1 GENERAL
			F-1.2 Strategies for Development in Hilly Areas
		F-2 LAND USE PLANNING
		F-3 OPEN SPACES
		F-4 ROADS AND PATHS
		F-5 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES
		F-6 OTHER ASPECTS FOR PLANNING FORTHE HILLY AREAS
			F-6.2 Additional Aspects for New Hill Towns
		F-7 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS
			F-7.1 General
			F-7.2 Siting
			F-7.3 Passive Systems for Climatic Control
			F-7.8 Disaster Resistance
			F-7.9 Drainage Facilities
		F-8 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR HILLYAREAS
	LIST OF STANDARDS
PART 4 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY
	CONTENTS
	FOREWORD
	1 SCOPE
	2 TERMINOLOGY
		2.1 Assisted Evacuation
		2.2 Atrium
		2.3 Authorities Concerned
		2.4 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System
		2.5 Building
		2.6 Building, Height of
		2.7 Combustible Material
		2.8 Common Path of Travel
		2.9 Covered Area
		2.10 Down-comer
		2.11 Dry Riser
		2.12 Emergency Lighting
		2.13 Emergency Lighting System
		2.14 Escape Lighting
		2.15 Evacuation Lift
		2.16 Exit
		FIG. 1 - COMPONENTS OF MEANS OF EGRESS
		2.17 Exit Access
		2.18 Exit Access Corridor
		2.19 Exit Discharge
		2.20 Fire Barrier (or Fire Resisting Barrier)
		2.21 Fire Compartment
		2.22 Fire Door and Fire Door Assembly
		2.23 Fire Exit
		2.24 Firefighting Shaft (Fire Tower)
		FIG. 2 - TYPICAL FIRE FIGHTING SHAFT
		2.25 Fire Load
		2.26 Fire Load Density
		2.27 Fireman•s Lift
		2.28 Fire Resistance
		2.29  Fire Resistance Rating
		2.30 Fire Resistant Wall
		2.31  Fire  Separation
		2.32  Fire  Stop
		2.33 Fire Suppression Systems
		2.34 Fire Wall or Fire Separating Wall
		2.35 Floor Area (Gross)
		2.36 Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
		2.37 Fire Exit Hardware
		2.38 High Rise Building
		2.39 Horizontal Exit
		2.40 Lift Lobby
		2.41 Means of Egress
		2.42 Means of Escape
		2.43 Metro Station
		2.44 Mixed Occupancy
		2.45 Multiple Occupancy
		2.46 Occupancy or Use Group
		2.47 Occupant Load
		2.48 Place of Comparative Safety
		2.49 Pressurization
		2.50 Pressurization Level
		2.51 Public Way
		2.52 Ramp
		2.53 Refuge Area
		2.54 Roof Exits
		2.55 Site (Plot)
		2.56 Smoke Barrier
		2.57  Smoke Compartment
		2.58 Stack Pressure
		2.59 Travel Distance
		2.60 Ventilation
		2.61 Venting Fire
		2.62 Visual Strobes/Flashing
		2.63 Volume to Plot Area Ratio (VPR)
		2.64 Water Based Systems
		2.65 Wet Riser
	3 FIRE PREVENTION
		3.1 Classification of Buildings Based on Occupancy
		3.2 Fire Zones
		3.3 Types of Construction
		3.4 General  Requirements  of  All  IndividualOccupancies
		Table 1 - Fire Resistance Ratings of Structural and Non-Structural Elements (minutes)
		Table 2 - Comparative Floor Area Ratios forOccupancies Facing One Public Streetat least 9 m Wide
		FIG. 3 - SPRINKLERS AROUND ESCALATOR OPENING
	4  LIFE SAFETY
		4.1 General
		4.2 General Exit Requirements
		FIG. 4 - DOOR LOCATION AT LANDING IN FIRE EXITS
		FIG. 5 - MINIMUM HEAD ROOM MEASUREMENT
		4.3 Occupant Load
		Table 3 - Occupant Load
		4.4 Egress Components
		FIG. 6 - DEAD END CORRIDOR
		Table 4 - Capacity Factors
		Table 5 - Travel Distance (Based on Occupancyand Construction Type)
		FIG. 7 - UNACCEPTABLE ARRANGEMENT FOR ENCLOSING A STAIR SERVING AS A REQUIRED EXIT
		FIG. 8 - MINIMUM CLEAR DOOR WIDTH
		FIG. 9 - SIGN MARKING AND REQUIREMENT IN EXIT
		FIG. 10 - OPENING RESTRICTIONS
		Table 6 - Pressurization of Staircases and Lift Lobbies
		4.5 Compartmentation
		4.6 Smoke Control
		4.7 Gas Supply
		4.8 Hazardous Areas, Gaseous, Oil Storage Yard,etc
		4.9 Fire Detection and Alarm
		Table 7 - Minimum Requirements for Fire Fighting Installations
		4.10 Fire Officer
		4.11 Fire Drills and Fire Orders
	5 FIRE PROTECTION
		5.1  Fire  Extinguishers/Fixed  FirefightingInstallations
		FIG. 11 - TYPICAL SYSTEM OF PUMPING WITH ONE ELECTRIC, ONE DIESEL FIRE PUMP
		FIG. 12 - TYPICAL SYSTEM OF PUMPING WITH TWO ELECTRIC, ONE DIESEL FIRE PUMP
		FIG. 13 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF WET RISER AND TOTAL SPRINKLER SYSTEM OF BUILDING
		Table 8 -  Size of Mains
		5.2 Fire Detection and Alarm System
	6  ADDITIONAL  OCCUPANCY  WISEREQUIREMENTS
		6.1 Residential Buildings (Group A)
		6.2 Educational Buildings (Group B)
		6.3 Institutional Buildings (Group C)
		FIG. 14  - PART PLAN INDICATING CONCEPT OF HORIZONTAL EXIT IN HOSPITAL
		FIG. 15 - MINIMUM OF TWO EXITS ACCESSIBLE FROM ALL PARTS OF FLOOR
		6.4 Assembly Buildings (Group D)
		6.5 Business Buildings (Group E)
		6.6 Mercantile Buildings (Group F)
		6.7 Industrial Buildings (Group G)
		6.8 Storage Buildings (Group H)
		6.9  Hazardous Uses (Group J)
	ANNEX A CALORIFIC VALUES OF COMMON MATERIALS
		Table 9 - Calorific Values of Common Materials
	ANNEX B - BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL OCCUPANCIES INTO DIFFERENT DEGREE OF
HAZARD
	ANNEX C - A V AILABLE DATA REGARDING FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
OF VARIOUS BUILDING COMPONENTS
		Table 10 - Masonry Walls: Solid (Required to Resist Fire from One Side at a Time)
		Table 11 - Masonry Walls: Hollow (Required to Resist Fire from One Side at a Time)
		Table 12 - Framed Construction, Load Bearing (Required to Resist Firefrom One Side at a Time)
		Table 13 - Framed Construction, Non-Load Bearing (Required to Resist Fire from One Side at a Time)
		Table 14 - Framed External Walls Load Bearing(Required to Resist Fire from One Side at a Time)
		Table 15 - Framed External Walls Non-Load Bearing[Required to Resist Fire from Inside the Building (A)]
		Table 16 - Framed External Walls Non-Load Bearing[Required to Resist Fire from Inside the Building (B)]
		Table 17 - Framed Walls Non-Load Bearing[Required to Resist Fire from Inside the Building (C)]
		Table 18 - Reinforced Concrete Columns
		Table 19 - Concrete Beams
		Table 20 - Concrete Floors
		Table 21 - Concrete Floors: Ribbed Open Soffit
		Table 22 - Encased Steel Columns, 203 mm x 203 mm
		Table 23  - Encased Steel Beams, 406 mm x 176 mm(Protection Applied on Three Sides)
		Table 24  - Timber Floors - Tongued and Grooved Boarding, or Sheets of Tongued andGrooved Plywood or Wood Chipboard, of not Less than 21 mm Finished Thickness
		Table 25 - Timber Floors - Tongued and Grooved Boarding, or Sheets of Tongued and GroovedPlywood or Wood Chipboard, of not Less than 15 mm Finished Thickness
		Table 26 - Timber Floors - Any Structurally Suitable Flooring ofTimber or Lignocelluloses Boards
	ANNEX D - GUIDELINES FOR FIRE DRILL AND EVACUATION PROCEDURES
FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
		D-1  INTRODUCTION
		D-2  ALARMS
		D-3  DRILLS
		D-4 SIGNS AND PLANS
			D-4.1 Signs at Lift Landings
			D-4.2 Floor Numbering Signs
			D-4.3 Stair and Lifts Identification Signs
			D-4.4 Stair Re-entry Signs
		D-5 FIRE SAFETY PLAN
		D-6 FIRE COMMAND CENTRE
		D-7 COMMUNICATIONS AND FIRE ALARM
		D-8 FIRE SAFETY PLAN FORMAT
			D-8.1 Building Address
			D-8.2 Purpose and Objective
			D-8.3  Fire Safety Director
			D-8.4 Deputy Fire Safety Director
			D-8.5 Fire Wardens and Deputy Fire Wardens
			D-8.6 Building Evacuation Supervisor
			D-8.7 Fire Party
			D-8.8 Occupants Instructions
			D-8.9 Evacuation Drills
			D-8.10 Fire Command Station
			D-8.11 Signs
			D-8.12  Fire  Prevention  and  Fire  ProtectionProgramme
			D-8.13 Building Information Form
			D-8.14 Representative Floor Plan
			D-8.15 Fire Safety Plan Prepared by
		D-9  DUTIE
			D-9.1 Fire Safety Director\'s Duties
			D-9.2 Deputy Fire Safety Director•s Dutie
			D-9.3 Fire Warden•s and Deputy Fire Warden•sDuties
			D-9.4 Building Evacuation Supervisor•s Duties
			D-9.5 Fire Party Duties
			D-9.6 Occupant•s Instructions
			D-9.7  Fire  Prevention  and  Fire  ProtectionProgramme
			D-9.8 Building Information Form
			D-9.9 Representative Floor Plan
			D-9.10 Fire Safety Plan
			D-9.11 Personal Fire Instruction Card
	ANNEX E - ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
		E-1 GENERAL
		E-2 EGRESS AND EVACUATION STRATEGY
		E-3 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR LIFTS
		E-4 HORIZONTAL EXITS/REFUGE AREA
		E-5 ELECTRICAL SERVICES
		E-6 FIRE PROTECTION
		E-7 FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY AUDIT
		E-8 HELIPAD
	ANNEX F - ATRIUM
		F-1 ATRIUM REQUIREMENTS
		FIG. 16 - SPRINKLER PROTECTION OF GLASS FOR FLOOR OPEN TO ATRIUM
	ANNEX G - COMMERCIAL KITCHENS
		G-0 GENERAL
		G-1 TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH COOKINGOPERATIONS
		G-2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
		G-3 FIRE SEPARATION REQUIREMENTS
		G-5 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
			G-5.1 General
			G-5.2 Protection of Cooking Equipment (General)
			G-5.3 Cooking Equipment Exhaust Ventilation
			G-5.4 Cooking Equipment
			G-5.5 Rooftop Terminations • Exhaust Systems
	ANNEX H - CAR PARKING FACILITIES
		H-2 GENERAL
		H-3  OPEN  PARKING  STRUCTURES(INCLUDING MULTI-LEVEL PARKING ANDSTILT PARKING)
		H-4 ENCLOSED PARKING STRUCTURES
		H-5 AUTOMATED CAR PARKING UTILIZINGMECHANICAL  OR  COMPUTERIZED/ROBOTIC MEANS
	ANNEX J - FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR METRO STATIONS
		J-1 APPLICATION AND SCOPE
		J-2  TERMINOLOGY  ASSOCIATED WITHMETRO FACILITIES
		J-3 GENERAL
			J-3.1 Classification
			J-3.2 Sub-classification
			J-3.3 Fire Zones
			J-3.4 Type of Construction
		J-4  LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
			J-4.1  Occupant Load
		J-5   EGRESS PROVISIONS
			J-5.1 Evacuation Time
			J-5.2 General Arrangement
			J-5.3 Travel Distance
			J-5.4 Means of Egress
		J-6 FIRE  SEPARATION  ANDCOMPARTMENTATION
			J-6.5 Fire Doors
			Table 27 -  Fire Ratings for Mass Rapid Transit Station Occupancies
			J-6.6  Smoke Compartmentation
		J-7 OTHER SPECIFICS REGARDING SAFETYREQUIREMENTS
		J-8  BACK-UP  OR  EMERGENCY  POWERSUPPLY
		J-9 FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES
			J-9.1 Details of Protection and Facilities Required
			Table 28 -  Water Capacity
	ANNEX K - FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR METRO TRAINWAYS
		K-1 APPLICATION
		K-2 USE AND OCCUPANCY
		K-3 CONSTRUCTION
			K-3.1 Construction Type
			K-3.2 Protection against Intrusion of Flammableand Combustible Liquids and Flooding of EnclosedTrainway
			K-3.3 Compartmentation
			K-3.4 Combustible Components
			K-3.5 Walking Surfaces
		K-4 EMERGENCY EGRESS
			K-4.1 Location of Egress Routes
			K-4.2 Size of Egress Routes
			K-4.3 Egress Components
			K-4.4  Signage,  Illumination  and  EmergencyLighting
		K-5 FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETYSYSTEMS
			K-5.1 Emergency Access
	ANNEX M - FIRE PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS FOR VENTING IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
		M-1 APPLICATION
		M-2 SMOKE AND FIRE VENTING
			M-2.2 Venting Area
			M-2.3 Types of Vents
			M-2.4 Vent Operation
			M-2.5 Size, Spacing and Disposition of Vents
			M-2.6 Roof Screens or Curtain Boards
		M-3 EXPLOSION RELIEF VENTS
			M-3.2 Basic Principle/Considerations
			M-3.3 Types of Explosion Relief Vents
			M-3.4 Design, Size and Disposition of Vents
	LIST OF STANDARDS
PART 5 BUILDING MATERIALS
	CONTENTS
	FOREWORD
	1 SCOPE
	2 MATERIALS
	3 SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
	4 NEW OR ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS
	5 THIRD PARTY CERTIFICATION
	6 USED MATERIALS
	7 STORAGE OF MATERIALS
	8 METHODS OF TEST
	LIST OF STANDARDS
		1. ALUMINIUM AND OTHER LIGHT METALSAND THEIR ALLOYS
		2. BITUMEN AND TAR PRODUCTS
		3. BRICKS, BLOCKS AND OTHER MASONRYBUILDING UNITS
		4. BUILDER•S HARDWARE
		5. BUILDING CHEMICALS
			a) Anti-termite Chemicals
			b) Chemical Admixture/Water Proofing Compounds
			c) Sealants/Fillers
			d) Adhesives
		6. BUILDING LIME AND PRODUCTS
		7. CLAY AND STABILIZED SOIL PRODUCTS
			a) Blocks
			b) Stabilized Soil Products
			c) Bricks
			d) Jallies
			e) Tiles
		8. CEMENT AND CONCRETE  (INCLUDINGSTEEL REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE)
			a) Aggregates
			b) Cement
			c) Supplementary Cementitious Materials (MineralAdmixtures including  Pozzolanas)
			d) Chemical Admixtures
			e) Concrete
			f) Cement and Concrete Sampling and Methods of Test
			g) Treatment of Concrete Joints
			h) Steel Reinforcement and Prestressing Steel forConcrete
		9. COMPOSITE MATRIX PRODUCTS
			a) Cement Matrix Products
			b) Resin Matrix Products
		10. CONDUCTORS AND CABLES
		11. DOORS, WINDOWS AND VENTILATORS
			a) Wooden Doors, Windows and Ventilators
			b) Metal Doors, Windows and Ventilators
			c) Plastic Doors and Windows
			d) Concrete Door and Window Frames
			e) Other Composite Material Doors and Windows
			f) Fire Check Doors
			g) Mesh/Net for Mosquito/Vector Prevention
		12. ELECTRICAL WIRING, FITTINGS ANDACCESSORIES
		13. FILLERS, STOPPERS AND PUTTIES
		14. FLOOR COVERING, ROOFING AND OTHERFINISHES
			a) Concrete Flooring
			b) Flooring Compositions
			c) Linoleum Flooring
			d) Rubber Flooring
			e) Stone Flooring
			f) Bituminous Flooring
			g) Plastic Flooring
			h) Ceramic/Vitreous Flooring and Wall Finishing
			j) Clay Flooring
			k) Roofing
			m) Other Floorings and Roofings
			n) Wall Coverings/Finishing
		15. GLASS
		16. GYPSUM BASED MATERIALS
		17.  MORTAR  (INCLUDING  SAND  FORMORTAR)
		18. PAINTS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
			a) Water Based Paints and Pigments
			b) Ready Mixed Paints, Enamels and Powder Coatings
			c) Thinners and Solvents
			d) Varnishes and Lacquers
		19.  POLYMERS,  PLASTICS  ANDGEOSYNTHETICS/GEOTEXTILES
		20.  SANITARY APPLIANCES AND WATERFITTINGS
			a)  General
			b) Pipes and Fittings excluding valves
			c) Kitchen and Sanitary Appliances
			d) Valves and Water Fittings (including Ferrules)
			e) Water Meters
		21.  STEEL AND  ITS ALLOYS  (See  23  FORSTRUCTURAL SECTIONS)
			a) General
			b) Structural Steel
			c) Sheet and Strip
			d) Bars, Rods, Wire and Wire Rods
			e) Plates and Studs
			f) Tubes and Tubulars
			g) Slotted Sections
		22. STONES
		23. STRUCTURAL SECTIONS
			a) Structural Shapes
			b) Dimensional Standards
		24. THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS
		25. THREADED  FASTENERS, RIVETS ANDNAILS
		26. TIMBER,  BAMBOO  AND  OTHERLIGNOCELLULOSIC BUILDING  MATERIALS
			a) Timber and Bamboo
			(b) Reconstituted Products
		27. UNIT WEIGHTS OF BUILDING MATERIALS
		28. WATERPROOFING AND DAMP-PROOFINGMATERIALS
		29. WELDING ELECTRODES AND WIRES
		30. WIRE  ROPES  AND WIRE  PRODUCTS(INCLUDING WIRE FOR FENCING)
PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
	Section 1 Loads, Forces and Effects
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		1 SCOPE
		2 DEAD LOAD
			2.1 Assessment of Dead Load
		3 IMPOSED LOAD
			3.3  Imposed Loads  on  Floors Due  to Use  andOccupancy
			3.2  Terminology
			3.3  Imposed Loads  on  Floors Due  to Use  andOccupancy
			Table 1 - Imposed Floor Loads for Different Occupancies
			3.4 Imposed Loads on Roofs
			Table 2 - Imposed Loads on Various Types of Roofs
			3.5  Imposed Horizontal  Loads  on  Parapets,Balustrades and Other Appurtenances Fixed toStructure, and on Grandstands
			3.6 Loading Effects Due to Impact and Vibration
			Table 3 - Horizontal Loads on Parapets, Parapet Walls and Balustrades
			3.7 Rooftop Helipad
			Design Load for Helicopter on Landing • Case A
			Design Load for Helicopter at Rest • Case B
			3.8 Fire Tenders and Emergency Vehicles
		4 WIND LOAD
			4.1 General
			4.2 Notations
			4.3 Terminology
			4.4 Wind Speed
			FIG. 1 - BASIC WIND SPEED IN m/s (BASED ON 50-YEARS RETURN PERIOD)
			Table 4 -  Risk Coefficients for Different Classes of Structures in Different Wind Speed Zones
			Table 5 - Factors to Obtain Design Wind SpeedVariation with Height in Different Terrains
			Table 6 - Fetch and Developed HeightRelationship
			4.5 Wind  Pressures  and  Forces  on  Buildings/Structures
			Table 7 - Area Averaging Factor (Ka)
			FIG. 2 - VALUES OF INTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTSWITH RESPECT TO THE DIRECTION OFWIND FOR BUILDINGS WITH ONE SIDE OPENINGS
			Table 8 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) for Walls of Rectangular Clad Buildings
			Table 9 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) for Pitched Roofs of Rectangular Clad Buildings
			Table 10 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) for Monoslope Roofs for Rectangular Clad Buildings
			Table 11 - Pressure Coefficients for Monoslope Free Roofs
			Table 12 - Pressure Coefficients for Free Standing Double Sloped Roofs
			Table 13 - Pressure Coefficients (Top and Bottom) for Pitched Roofs, Roof Slope, a = 30°
			Table 14 - Pressure Coefficients (Top and Bottom) for Pitched Free Roofs,a = 30° With Effects of Train or Stored Material
			Table 15 - Pressure Coefficients (Top and Bottom) for Pitched Free Roofs, a = 10°
			Table 16 - Pressure Coefficients (Top and Bottom) for Pitched Free Roofsa = 10° With Effects of Train or Stored Materials
			Table 17 - Pressure Coefficients for Troughed Free Roofs, a = 10°
			Table 18  - Pressure Coefficients (Top and Bottom) for Troughed Free Roofsa = 10° with Effects of Train or Stored Materials
			Table 19 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) for Pitched Roofs of Multispan Buildings(All Spans Equal) with h < w\'
			Table 20 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) for Saw Tooth Roofs of Multispan Buildings(All Spans Equal) with h < w\'
			Table 21 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) for Curved Roofs
			Table 22 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) around Cylindrical Structures
			Table 23 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) for Roofs and Bottoms of Cylindrical Structures
			FIG. 3 - EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS ON THE UPPER ROOF SURFACE OF CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURESSTANDING ON THE GROUND
			Table 24 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) for Combined Roofs
			Table 25 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) for Roofs with a Sky Light
			Table 26 - Pressure Coefficients at Top and Bottom Roof of Grand Stands Open Three Sides(Roof Angle up to 5°)
			Table 27 - External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) Around Spherical Structures
			FIG. 4 - FORCE COEFFICIENT FOR RECTANGULAR CLAD BUILDING IN UNIFORM FLOW
			Table 28 - Force Coefficients, Cf for Clad Buildings of Uniform Section(Acting in the Direction of Wind)
			FIG. 5 - VARIATION OF f21+ DCe  WITH Re > 3 × 104 FOR CIRCULAR SECTIONS
			Table 29 - Force Coefficients, Cf for Low Walls or Hoardings (< 15m High)
			Table 30 -  Force Coefficients, Cf for Solid Shapes Mounted on a Surface
			FIG. 6 - EFFECTIVE SOLIDITY RATIO, FOR CIRCULARSECTION MEMBERS
			Table 31 - Reduction Factor K for Individual Members
			4.6 Interference Effects
			FIG. 7 - BUILDINGS IN TANDEM CAUSINGINTERFERENCE EFFECT
			Table 32 -  Force Coefficients, Cf for Individual Structural Members of Infinite Length
			Table 33 -  Force Coefficients, Cf for Wires and Cables (l/D = 100)
			Table 34 - Force Coefficients for Single Frames
			Table 35 Shielding Factor, h for Multiple Frames
			Table 36 - Overall Force Coefficients for Towers Composed of Flat Sided Members
			Table 37 - Overall Force Coefficients for SquareTowers Composed of Circular Members
			Table 38 - Overall Force Coefficients forEquilateral Triangular Towers Composed ofCircular Members
			4.7 Dynamic Effects
			FIG. 8 - INTERFERENCE ZONES FOR TALL RECTANGULAR BUILDINGS OF SAME OR GREATER HEIGHT
			4.8 Dynamic Wind Response
			FIG. 9 - NOTATIONS FOR HEIGHTS
			Table 39 - Suggested Values of Structural DampingCoefficients
		5 SEISMIC FORCE
			FIG. 10 - WIND FORCE SPECTRUM COEFFICIENT
			5.1 Terminology
			5.2 Special Terminology for Buildings
			5.3 General Principles and Design Criteria
			Table 40 - Percentage Increase in Net Bearing Pressure and Skin Friction of Soils
			Table 41 - Classification of Types of Soils for Determining Percentage Increase in NetBearing Pressure and Skin Friction
			FIG. 11 - SEISMIC ZONES OF INDIA
			FIG. 12 - DESIGN ACCELERATION COEFFICIENT (Sa/g) (CORRESPONDING TO 5 PERCENT DAMPING)
			Table 42  - Seismic Zone Factor Z
			Table 43 - Classification of Types of Soils forDetermining the Spectrum to be Used to EstimateDesign Earthquake Force
			5.4 Buildings
			Table 44 - Definitions of Irregular Buildings —Plan Irregularities (see Fig. 13)
			Table 45 - Definition of Irregular Buildings —Vertical Irregularities (see Fig. 14)
			FIG. 13 DEFINITIONS OF IRREGULAR BUILDINGS • PLAN IRREGULARITIES
				13A - TORSIONAL IRREGULARITY
				13B - RE-ENTRANT CORNERS
				13C - FLOOR SLABS HAVING EXCESSIVE CUT-OUT AND OPENINGS
				13D - OUT-OF-PLANE OFFSETS IN VERTICAL ELEMENTS
				13E - NON-PARALLEL LATERAL FORCE SYSTEM
			FIG. 14 DEFINITIONS OF IRREGULAR BUILDINGS • VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES
				14A - STIFFNESS IRREGULARITY (SOFT STOREY)
				14B - MASS IRREGULARITY
				14C - VERTICAL GEOMETRIC IRREGULARITY
				14D - IN-PLANE DISCONTINUITY IN VERTICAL ELEMENTS RESISTING LATERAL FORCE
				14E - STRENGTH IRREGULARITY (WEAK STOREY)
			Table 46 -  Minimum Design EarthquakeHorizontal Lateral Force for Buildings
			Table 47 - Importance Factor (I)
			Table 48  - Response Reduction Factor R for Building Systems
			Table 49  - Percentage of Imposed Load to beConsidered in Calculation of Seismic Weight
			FIG. 15 - DEFINITIONS OF HEIGHT AND BASE WIDTH OF BUILDINGS
			FIG. 16 - DEFINITION OF FLEXIBLE FLOOR DIAPHRAGM
			FIG. 17 - EQUIVALENT DIAGONAL STRUT OF URM INFILL WALL
		6 SNOW LOAD
			6.2 Notations
			6.3 Snow Load in Roof(s)
			6.4 Shape Coefficients
		7  SPECIAL LOADS
			7.2 Temperature Effects
			7.3 Hydrostatic and Soil Pressure
			FIG. 18  - SKETCH SHOWING EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF PILLARFOR CALCULATING SOIL PRESSURE
			7.4 Fatigue
			7.5 Structural Safety During Construction
			7.6 Accidental Loads
			FIG. 19 -  SKETCH SHOWING RELATION BETWEEN PRESSURE AND TIME
			FIG. 20 - SKETCH SHOWING TIME INTERVAL AND PRESSURE
			7.7 Vibrations
			7.8 Blast Loads
			7.9 Other Loads
		8 LOAD COMBINATIONS
			8.1 General
			8.2 Load Combinations
		9  MULTI-HAZARD  RISK  IN  VARIOUSDISTRICTS OF INDIA
			9.1 Multi-Hazard Risk Concept
			9.2 Multi-Hazard Prone Areas
			9.3 Use of the List of the District with Multi-HazardRisk
		ANNEX A ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE SHOWING REDUCTION OF UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
IMPOSED FLOOR LOADS IN MULTI-STOREYED BUILDINGS FOR DESIGN OF COLUMNS
			FIG. 21 - LOADING DETAILS
		ANNEX B - NOTATIONS
		ANNEX C - BASIC WIND SPEED AT 10 m HEIGHT FOR SOME IMPORTANT CITIES/TOWNS
		ANNEX D - CHANGES IN TERRAIN CATEGORIES
			D-1  LOW  TO HIGH  TERRAIN CATEGORYNUMBER
			D-2 HIGH  TO  LOW  TERRAIN CATEGORYNUMBER
			D-3 MORE THAN ONE CATEGORY
			FIG. 22 VELOCITY PROFILES IN THE VICINITY OF A CHANGE IN TERRAIN CATEGORY
				22B - DETERMINATION OF VELOCITY PROFILE NEAR A CHANGE IN TERRAIN CATEGORY(More rough to less rough)
				22C - DETERMINATION OF DESIGN PROFILE MORE THAN ONE CHANGE TERRAIN CATEGORY
		ANNEX E - EFFECT OF A CLIFF OR ESCARPMENT ON EQUIVALENT HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND
(k3 FACTOR)
			E-2 TOPOGRAPHY FACTOR, K3
			FIG. 23 - DEFINITION OF TOPOGRAPHICAL DIMENSIONS
			FIG. 24 - FACTOR S0 FOR CLIFF AND ESCARPMENT
			FIG. 25 - FACTOR S0 FOR RIDGE AND HILL
		ANNEX F - WIND FORCE ON CIRCULAR SECTIONS
			FIG. 26 - WAKE IN SUB-CRITICAL FLOW
			FIG. 27 -  WAKE IN SUPER-CRITICAL FLOW
		ANNEX G - SYMBOLS
		ANNEX H - MSK 1964 INTENSITY SCALE
			H-2 MSK INTENSITY SCALE
			I Not Noticeable
			II Scarcely Noticeable (Very Slight)
			III Weak, Partially Observed
			IV Largely Observed
			V Awakening
			VI Frightening
			VII  Damage of Buildings
			VIII Destruction of Buildings
			IX General Damage of Buildings
			X General Destruction of Buildings
			XI Destruction
			XII Landscape Changes
		ANNEX J - SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL
			FIG. 28 - RELATION BETWEEN CRR AND (N1)60 FOR SAND FOR MW 7.5 EARTHQUAKES
			FIG. 29 - RELATION BETWEEN CRR AND (qC1N)cs FOR Mw 7.5 EARTHQUAKES
			FIG. 30 - RELATION BETWEEN CRR AND VS1 FOR MW 7.5 EARTHQUAKES
			Table 50 - Recommended Standardized SPT Equipment {see Accepted Standard [6-1(29)]}
			Table 51 - Correction Factors for Non-Standard SPT Procedures and Equipment
		ANNEX K - LIST OF SOME IMPORTANT TOWNS AND THEIR SEISMIC ZONE FACTOR (Z)
		ANNEX L - SHAPE COEFFICIENTS FOR MULTILEVEL ROOFS
		ANNEX M - VIBRATIONS IN BUILDINGS
			M-1 GENERAL
			M-2  SERVICEABILITY  LIMIT  STATEVERIFICATION  OF  STRUCTURESUSCEPTIBLE TO VIBRATIONS
				M-2.2 Source of Vibrations
				M-2.3 Modelling of Actions and Structure
				M-2.4 Force-Time Histories
		ANNEX N BLAST LOAD
			N-1 BLAST LOAD
			FIG. 31 -  TIME HISTORY OF BLAST PRESSURE
			FIG. 32 - BLAST LOADING OF STRUCTURES WITH RESPECT TO LOCATION OF THE STRUCTURE
			N-3 CLOSED RECTANGULAR STRUCTURES
			N-4 USE OF LACED REINFORCED CONCRETEIN BLAST RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
			FIG. 33 - VARIATION OF REFLECTION COEFFICIENT WITH ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
			Table 52 -  Blast Pressure Definitions
			N-5 IMPULSE DESIGN
			N-6 PRESSURE DESIGN
				N-6.1 TNT Equivalence
			N-7  INTERNAL  BLAST  LOADING  ONSTRUCTURES
			FIG. 37 - METHOD FOR PREDICTION OF BLAST PRESSURE DUE TO CONFINED EXPLOSIO
			FIG. 38 - REFLECTED PHASE LOADING
			FIG. 39  - GAS PRESSURE LOADING
			FIG. 40 - PEAK QUASI-STATIC PRESSURE FOR TNTEXPLOSION IN CHAMBER
			FIG. 41 - CHARTS FOR INTERNAL BLAST PRESSURE PARAMETERS
		ANNEX P - SUMMARY OF DISTRICTS HAVING SUBSTANTIAL MULTI-HAZARD RISK AREAS
			Table 53  - Multi-Hazard Prone Districts
			LIST OF STANDARDS
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 2 Soils and Foundations
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		1 SCOPE
		2 TERMINOLOGY
			2.1 General
			2.2 Ground Improvement
			2.3 Shallow Foundation
			2.4 Pile Foundation
		3 SITE INVESTIGATION
			3.1 General
			3.2 Methods of Site Exploration
			Table 1 - Depth of Exploration
			3.3 Choice of Method for Site Exploration
			FIG. 1 - DEPTH OF EXPLORATION
			3.4 Sampling and Testing
			Table 2 - Mass of Soil Sample Required
			3.5 Soil Investigation Report
		4 CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATIONOF SOILS
		5 MATERIALS
			5.2 Protection Against Deterioration of Materials
		6 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FOUND-ATIONS/SUBSTRUCTURES FOR BUILDINGS
			6.1 Types of Foundations
			6.2 Depth of Foundations
			6.3 Foundation at Different Levels
			6.4 Effect of Seasonal Weather Changes
			FIG. 2 - FOOTING IN SLOPING GROUND
			FIG. 3 -  FOOTING IN GRANULAR SOIL
			FIG. 4 - FOOTING IN CLAYEY SOIL
			6.5 Effect of Mass Movements of Ground in UnstableAreas
			6.6 Precautions for Foundations on Inclined Strata
			6.7 Strata of Varying Thickness
			6.8 Layers of Softer Material
			6.9 Spacing Between Existing and New Foundation
			6.10 Preliminary Work for Construction
			6.11 Protection of Excavation
			6.12 Alterations During Construction
		7 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
			7.1 Design Information
			7.2 Design Considerations
			Table 3 Permissible Differential Settlements and Tilt (Angular Distortion) for Shallow Foundations in Soils
			7.3 Pad or Spread and Strip Foundations
			Table 4 Thickness of Footings
			7.4 Raft Foundations
			FIG. 5 - COMMON TYPES OF RAFT FOUNDATION
			7.5 Ring Foundations
			7.6 Shell Foundations
		8 DRIVEN/BORED CAST IN-SITU CONCRETEPILES
			8.1 General
			8.2 Materials and Stresses
			8.3 Design Considerations
			8.5 Bored Cast In-Situ Concrete Piles on Rocks
			8.6 Non-Destructive Testing
		9 DRIVEN PRECASTCONCRETE PILES
			9.2 Design of Pile Section
			FIG. 6 -  TYPICAL SECTIONS OF GRADE BEAMS
			Table 5 - Bending Moment for DifferentSupport Conditions
			9.3 Reinforcement
			9.6 Non-Destructive Testing
		10 PRECAST CONCRETE PILES IN PREBOREDHOLES
			10.2 Handling Equipment for Lowering and GroutingPlant
			10.3 Reinforcement
			10.5 Non-Destructive Testing
		11 UNDER-REAMED PILES
			11.1 General
			11.2 Materials
			11.3 Design Considerations
			FIG. 7 - TYPICAL DETAILS OF BORED CAST IN-SITU UNDER-REAMED PILE FOUNDATION
			11.5 Non-Destructive Testing
		12 TIMBER PILES
			12.1 General
			12.2 Materials
			12.3 Design Considerations
		13 OTHER FOUNDATIONS, SUBSTRUCTURES ANDFOUNDATIONS FOR SPECIAL STRUCTURES
			13.1 Pier Foundations
		14 GROUND IMPROVEMENT
		ANNEX A - DETERMINATION OF MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (Es) AND POISSON’S RATIO (μ)
			A-1  DETERMINATION OF MODULUS OFELASTICITY(Es)
			A-2 FIELD DETERMINATION
			A-3 LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF ES
		ANNEX B - DETERMINATION OF MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION
			B-1 GENERAL
			Table 6 - Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k) forCohesionless Soils
			B-2 FIELD DETERMINATION
			Table 7 - Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (k) forCohesive Soils
			B-3 LABORATORY DETERMINATION
			B-4 CALCULATIONS
		ANNEX C - RIGIDITY OF SUPERSTRUCTURE AND FOUNDATION
			C-1 DETERMINATION OF THE RIGIDITY OFTHE STRUCTURE
			FIG. 8 - DETERMINATION OF RIGIDITY OF STRUCTURE
			C-2 RELATIVESSTIFFNESS FACTOR, K
			C-3 DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL COLUMN SPACING
		ANNEX D - CALCULATION OF PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION BY CONVENTIONAL METHOD
			D-1 DETERMINATION OF PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
		ANNEX E - CONTACT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AND MOMENTS BELOW FLEXIBLE FOUNDATION
			E-1 CONTACT PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
			E-2 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
			FIG. 9 - MOMENT AND PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION AT COLUMNS
		ANNEX F - FLEXIBLE FOUNDATION • GENERAL CONDITION
			F-1 CLOSED FORM SOLUTION OF ELASTICPLATE THEORY
			FIG. 10 - FUNCTIONS FOR SHEAR, MOMENT ANDDEFLECTION
		ANNEX G - LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF PILES•STATIC ANALYSIS
			G-1 PILES IN GRANULAR SOILS
			G-2 PILES IN COHESIVE SOILS
			FIG. 11 - BEARING CAPACITY FACTOR, Nq
			FIG. 12 - VARIATION OF a WITH Cu
			G-3 USE OF STATIC CONE PENETRATION DATA
			Table 8 - Side Friction for Different Soil Types
			Table 9 - Corelation Between N and qc forDifferent Types of Soil
			G-4 USE OF STANDARD PENETRATION TESTDATA FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL
			G-5 FACTOR OF SAFETY
			G-6 PILES IN STRATIFIED SOIL
			G-7 PILES IN HARD ROCK
			G-8 PILES IN WEATHERED/SOFT ROCK
			FIG. 13 - CONSISTENCY AND SHEAR STRENGTH OF WEATHERED ROCK
		ANNEX H - ANALYSIS OF LATERALLY LOADED PILES
			H-1 GENERAL
			H-2 STIFFNESS FACTORS
				Table 10 Modulus of Subgrade Reaction forGranular Soils and Normally Consolidated
				Table 11 Modulus of Subgrade Reaction forCohesive Soil, k1, kN/m3
				H-2.3 Stiffness Factor
			H-3 CRITERIA FOR SHORT RIGID PILES ANDLONG ELASTIC PILES
			H-4 DEFLECTION AND MOMENTS IN LONGELASTIC PILES
			Table 12 -  Criteria for Behaviour of Pile Based on itsEmbedded Length
			FIG. 14 - DEPTH OF FIXITY
			FIG. 15 - DETERMINATION OF REDUCTION FACTORS FOR COMPUTATION OF MAXIMUM MOMENT IN PILE
		ANNEX J - LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF UNDER-REAMED PILES FROM SOIL PROPERTIES
			J-1 ULTIMATE LOAD CAPACITY
		ANNEX K - SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHODS
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 3 Timber and Bamboo: 3A Timber
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		1  SCOPE
		2 TERMINOLOGY
			2.1  Structural Purpose Definitions
			2.2  Definitions of Defects in Timber
		3  SYMBOLS
		4  MATERIALS
			4.1 Species of Timber
			4.4  Moisture Content in Timber
			Table 1 - Safe Permissible Stresses for the Species of Timber
			Table 2 - Permissible Lateral Strengths (in Double Shear) of Nails 3.55 mm Dia (9 SWG), 80 mm Long
			Table 3 - Permissible Lateral Strengths (In Double Shear) of Nails 5.00 mmDia (6 SWG), 125 mm and 150 mm Long
			Table 4 - Permissible Percentage MoistureContent Values
			4.5  Sawn Timber
			Table 5 - Preferred Cut Sizes of Structural Timberfor Roof Trusses (Span from 3 m to 20 m)
			Table 6 - Preferred Cut Sizes of Structural Timberfor Roof Purlins, Rafters, Floor Beams, etc
			Table 7 - Preferred Cut Sizes of Structural Timberfor Partition Framing and Covering, and forCentering
			4.6  Grading of Structural Timber
			Table 8 - Permissible Defects for Cut Sizes of Timber for Structural Use
			4.7  Suitability
			4.8  Fastenings
		5  PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
			Table 9 Minimum Permissible Stress Limits(in N/mm2) in Three Groups of StructuralTimbers (For Grade I Material)
			5.4  Modification Factors for Permissible Stresses
			Table 10 - Modifications Factor K1 to Allow forChange in Slope of Grain
			Table 11 - Modification Factor (K2), for Change inDuration of Loading
		6  DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
			6.3  Net Section
			6.4  Loads
			6.5  Flexural Members
			Table 12 - Reduction Factor for ConcentratedLoads in the Vicinity of Supports
			FIG. 1 - NOTCHED BEAMS
			FIG 2. - POSITION OF END BEARINGS
			Table 13 - Modification Factor K7 forBearing Stresses
			FIG. 3 - PURLIN
			6.6 Columns
			6.7  Tension Member (Ties)
			6.8  Structural Members Subject to Bending andAxial Stresses
			6.9  Timber Roof Truss
		7  DESIGN OF COMMON STEEL WIRE NAILJOINTS
			7.1  General
			7.2  Dimensions of Members
			7.4  Specification and Diameter of Nails
			7.5  Arrangement of Nails in the Joints
			Table 14 Spacing of Nails
			FIG. 4 SPACING OF NAILS IN A LENGTHENING JOINT
				4A -  Monochord Type Butt Joint Subject to Compression
				4B - Monochord Type Butt Joint Subject to Tension
				4C - Split - Chord Type Butt Joint Subject to Compression
				4D - Split - Chord Type Butt Joint Subject to Tension
			FIG. 5 SPACING OF NAILS WHERE MEMBERS ARE AT RIGHT ANGLES TO ONE ANOTHER
			FIG. 6 - SPACING OF NAILS AT NODE JOINTS WHERE MEMBERS ARE INCLINED TO ONE ANOTHER
			7.6  Penetration of Nails
			7.7  Design Considerations
			7.8  Special Consideration in Nail-Jointed TrussConstruction
			7.9  Fabrication
		8  DESIGN OF NAIL LAMINATED TIMBERBEAMS
			8.1  Method of Arrangement
			8.2  Sizes of Planks and Beams
			8.3  Design Considerations
			FIG. 7 - PLAN AND ELEVATION OF A TYPICAL NAILED LAMINATED TIMBER BEAM
			Table 15 - Number and Size of Planks and Nails forNailed Laminated Beams
			FIG. 8 - STANDARD LENGTHWISE SPACING IN NAILEDLAMINATED BEAM
			8.4  Fabrication
		9  DESIGN OF  BOLTED  CONSTRUCTIONJOINTS
			9.1  General
			9.2  Design Considerations
			Table 16 - Percentage of Safe WorkingCompressive Stress of Timber for Bolted Joints inDouble Shear
			Table 17 - Bolt Diameter Factor
			9.3  Arrangement of Bolts
			FIG. 9 - TYPICAL SPACING OF BOLTS IN STRUCTURAL JOINTS
			9.4  Outline for Design of Bolted Joints
			9.5 Fabrication
		10  DESIGN OF TIMBER CONNECTOR JOINTS
			FIG. 10 - SPLIT RING CONNECTOR
			FIG. 11 - STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN A SPLIT RING CONNECTOR
			10.2  Wooden Disc-Dowel
			FIG. 12 - DISTRIBUTION OF FORCES IN DOWEL JOINT
		11  GLUED LAMINATED CONSTRUCTION
			Table 18 - Block Shear Test Results on Glued Timber Joints
			11.2  Design of Glued Laminated Beams
			FIG. 13 - POSSIBLE ORIENTATION OF PLANKS IN GLULAM
		12  LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER
			Table 19 - Laminated Timber Beams   • Structural Bending Test Under Third Point Loading
			Table 20 - Requirements of LaminatedVeneer Lumber
		13  GLUED FINGER JOINTS
			FIG. 14 - TYPICAL FINGER JOINT GEOMETRY
		14  STRUCTURAL USE OF PLYWOOD
		15  TRUSSED RAFTER
			15.1  General
			15.2  Design
			Table 21 - Strength Characteristics of Glued Finger Joints
			FIG. 15 - TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION OF WEB BEAMS
			FIG. 16 - WEB BEAM CONFIGURATIONS
			FIG. 17 - STRESSED SKIN PANEL CONSTRUCTION (SINGLE SKIN OR DOUBLE SKIN)
			15.3  Timber
			15.4  Plywood
		16  STRUCTURAL SANDWICHES
			16.1  General
			16.2 Cores
			16.3 Facings
			16.4 Designing
			16.5 Tests
			FIG. 18 - SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION IN STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
			Table 22 - Lateral Load Bearing Strength of Wire Nails in Plywood-to-Wood Composite JointsPermissible Lateral Strength of 9 SWG (3.55 mm dia) Nail in Double Shear (kg)Safe Load per Nail
		17  LAMELLA ROOFING
			17.1  General
			17.2  Lamellas
			FIG. 19 - TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF LAMELLA ROOFING
			FIG. 20 - STABILITY OF LAMELLA ARCH ROOF
			17.3  Construction
		18  NAIL AND SCREW HOLDING POWER OFTIMBER
			18.1  General
			18.2  Nails
			18.3  Screw
		19 PROTECTION AGAINST TERMITE ATTACKIN BUILDINGS
			Table 23 - Composite Nail and Screw Holding Power of Some Indian Timbers
			19.2 Chemical Methods
			19.3 Wood Preservatives
			19.4  Constructional Method
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 3 Timber and Bamboo: 3B Bamboo
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		1  SCOPE
		2  TERMINOLOGY
			2.1  Anatomical Purpose Definitions
			2.2  Structural Purpose Definitions
			2.3 Definitions Relating to Defects
			2.4  Definition Relating to Drying Degrades
		3  SYMBOLS
		4  MATERIALS
			4.1  Species of Bamboo
			4.2  Grouping
			4.3 Moisture Content in Bamboo
			4.4  Grading of Structural Bamboo
			FIG. 1 - MOISTURE STRENGTH RELATIONSHIP BAMBUSA NUTANS (BAMBOO)
			4.5 Durability and Treatability
		5  PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
			Table 1 - Physical and Mechanical Properties of Indian Bamboos (in Round Form)
			Table 2 - Properties of Structural Bamboo
			Table 3 - Safe Permissible Stresses of Bamboos forStructural Designing1)
		6  DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
			6.1  Basic Requirements
			6.4  Net Section
			6.5  Structural Components
			6.6  Flexural Members
			6.7 Columns  (Predominantly Loaded  in AxialDirection)
			6.9  Assemblies and Roof Trusses
			FIG. 2 - SOME TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS FOR SMALL ANDLARGE TRUSSES IN BAMBOO
		7  DESIGN, TECHNIQUES OF  JOINTS ANDCONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
			7.2  Bamboo Joints
			FIG. 3 - SPLICED JOINTS
			FIG. 4 - BEARING JOINTS
			FIG. 5 - SOME NUT BOLT JOINERY DETAILS
			FIG. 6 - GUSSET PLATED JOINTS
			FIG. 7 - OTHER JOINTS AND SECTIONS
			7.3  Construction Practices
			FIG. 8 - BAMBOO FOUNDATIONS
		8 BAMBOO  AS  REINFORCEMENT  INCONCRETE
			Table 4 - Strength Characteristics of Mild Steel,Bamboo and Concrete(For Reinforcement Purposes)
			FIG. 9 - BAMBOO COLUMN IN CONCRET
			TABLE 5 - DESIGN DATA FOR BAMBOO AND MILD STEEL REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE FOR BALANCED SECTION
			8.4 Techniques in Placing the Reinforcement (seealso Fig. 10)
		9  WALLING,  FLOORING, ROOFING, ANDIN-FILL PANELS FOR WALL, AND COMMONROOF COVERING/CLADDING
			9.1  Materials
			Table 6 - Strength Properties of Split Bamboo in Green Condition
			FIG. 10 - GENERAL DETAILS OF BAMBOO REINFORCEMENT
			9.2  Structural Usage of Bamboo Based Products
			Table 7 - Gist of Mechanical Properties of Reconstituted Wood from Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Strictus)
			FIG. 11 - BAMBOO MAT BOARD WEB BEAMS
			Table 8 -Permissible Safe Working Stresses forBamboo Mat Board and BambooMat Veneer Composite
			FIG. 12 - BAMBOO STRUCTURAL WALLING SYSTEM
			FIG. 13 - DETAILS OF BOTTOM OF BAMBOO COLUMNFOR ANCHORING IN CONCRETE FOR FOUNDATION
			FIG. 14 - DETAIL OF A TYPICAL BAMBOO CONCRETEFLOORING
		ANNEX A - SOURCE AND LOCAL NAMES OF SOME OF THE SPECIES OF BAMBOO
		ANNEX B - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BAMBOO STRUCTURES IN HIGH WIND/
CYCLONE PRONE AREAS
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 4 Masonry
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		1  SCOPE
		2  TERMINOLOGY
			2.1  Bed Block
			2.2  Bond
			2.3  Column, Pier and Buttress
			FIG. 1 - DEFINITION OF PIER
			2.4 Cross-Sectional Area of Masonry Unit
			2.5 Curtain Wall
			FIG. 2 TYPICAL MASONRY CURTAIN WALL
			2.6 Effective Height
			2.7 Effective Length
			2.8 Effective Thickness
			2.9 Hollow Unit
			2.10 Grou
			2.11 Joint
			2.12  Leaf
			2.13 Lateral Support
			2.14 Load Bearing Wal
			2.15 Masonry
			2.16 Masonry Unit
			2.17 Partition Wall
			2.18 Panel Wall
			2.19 Shear Wall
			2.20 Slenderness Ratio
			2.21  Types of Walls
			FIG. 3 - TYPICAL FACED WALL
			2.22  Reinforced Brick Slab (RB Slab)
			2.23  Reinforced Brick Concrete Slab (RBC Slab)
			FIG. 4 - CROSS-SECTIONS OF RB AND RBC SLABS
		3  MATERIALS
			3.1  General
			3.2  Masonry Units
			3.3  Mortar
			Table 1 - Compressive Strength for DifferentGrades of Mortar
			3.4  Durability Criteria for Selection of MasonryMortars
			Table 2 - Mix Proportions and Strength of Mortars for Masonry
		4  DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
			4.1 General
			4.2  Lateral Supports and Stability
			FIG. 5 - ANCHORING OF RCC SLAB WITH MASONRYWALL (WHEN SLAB DOES NOT BEAR ON WALL)
			FIG. 6 - TYPICAL DETAILS FOR ANCHORAGE OF SOLID WALLS
			FIG. 7 - TYPICAL DETAILS FOR ANCHORAGE OF CAVITY WALLS
			FIG. 8 - MINIMUM DIMENSION FOR MASONRY WALL ORBUTTRESS EFFECTIVE LATERAL SUPPORT
			Table 3 - Thickness and Spacing of Stiffening Walls
			FIG. 9 - OPENING IN STIFFENING WALL
			FIG. 10 - ANCHORING OF STIFFENING WALL WITHSUPPORT WALL
			FIG. 11 - TYPICAL DETAILS FOR ANCHORAGE OF SOLID WALLS
			Table 4 - Minimum Thickness of Basement Walls
			4.3  Effective Height
			Table 5 - Effective Height of Walls
			FIG. 12 - EFFECTIVE HEIGHT OF WALL
			4.4  Effective Length
			FIG. 13 - EFFECTIVE HEIGHT OF WALL
			Table 6 - Effective Length of Walls
			4.5 Effective Thickness
			Table 7 - Stiffening Coefficient for Walls Stiffenedby Piers, Buttresses or Cross Walls
			4.6  Slenderness Ratio
			FIG. 14 - EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF WALL
			Table 8 - Maximum Slenderness Ratio for a LoadBearing Wall
			4.7 Eccentricity
		5  STRUCTURAL DESIGN
			5.1  General
			5.2  Design Loads
			5.3 Load Dispersion
			5.4  Permissible Stresses
			Table 9 - Basic Compressive Stresses for Masonry (After 28 days)
			Table 10 - Stress Reduction Factor for SlendernessRatio and Eccentricity
			Table 11 - Shape Modification Factorfor Masonry Units
			5.5  Design Thickness/Cross-Section
			Table 12 - Height to Thickness Ratio of FreeStanding Walls Related to Wind Speed
		6  GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
			6.1 Methods of Construction
			6.2  Minimum  Thickness  of  Walls  fromConsideration other than Structural
			6.3 Workmanship
			6.4 Joints to Control Deformation and Cracking
			6.5  Chases, Recesses and Holes
			6.6  Corbelling
		7  REINFORCED BRICK AND REINFORCEDBRICK CONCRETE FLOORS AND ROOFS
		8 SPECIAL  CONSIDERATION  FROMEARTHQUAKE POINT OF VIEW
			8.2  General Principles
			FIG. 15 - TYPICAL SHAPES OF BUILDING WITHSEPARATION SECTIONS
			FIG. 16 - PLAN AND VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES
			8.3  Special Construction Features
			Table 13 - Gap Width for Adjoining Structure
			FIG. 17 TYPICAL DETAILS OF SEPARATION OR CRUMPLE SECTION
				17A - BRICK WALL
				17B  - CONCRETE WALLS
				17C -  METAL SIDING INDUSTRIAL WORK
				17D - WOOD SHEATHING INDUSTRIAL WORK
				17E - RCC SLAB ON ROOF SURFACE
				17F - SEPARATION JOINT DETAILS AT ROOF
				17G - SEPARATION AT FLOOR LEVEL
			FIG. 18 - SEPARATED STAIRCASE
			8.4  Types of Construction
			FIG. 19 -  RIGIDLY BUILT-IN STAIRCASE
			8.5 Categories of Buildings
			Table 14 - Building Categories for EarthquakeResisting Features
			8.6  Masonry Construction with RectangularMasonry Units
			Table 15 - Recommended Mortar Mixes
			FIG. 20 - ALTERNATING TOOTHED JOINTS IN WALLS ATCORNER AND T-JUNCTION
			FIG. 21 - RECOMMENDED DIMENSIONS OF OPENINGS AND PIERS (SEE TABLE 16)
			Table 16  - Size and Position of Openingsin Bearing Walls
			FIG. 22 - STRENGTHENING MASONRY AROUND OPENINGS
			FIG. 23 - OVERALL ARRANGEMENT OF REINFORCING LOWSTRENGTH MASONRY BUILDINGS
			FIG. 24 - OVERALL ARRANGEMENT OF REINFORCING LOWSTRENGTH MASONRY BUILDING HAVING PITCHED ROOF
			Table 17 - Strengthening ArrangementsRecommended for Masonry Buildings(Rectangular Masonry Units)
			Table 18 - Recommended Longitudinal Steel inReinforced Concrete Bands
			FIG. 25 -
			Table 19 - Vertical Steel Reinforcement in Masonry Walls with Rectangular Masonry Units
			FIG. 26 - TYPICAL DETAILS OF PROVIDING VERTICAL STEEL BARS IN BRICK MASONRY
			FIG. 27 - FRAMING OF THIN LOAD-BEARINGBRICK WALL
			FIG. 28 - U-BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL BANDS
			FIG. 29 - VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT IN CAVITIES
			8.7  Floors/Roofs with Small Precast Components
			FIG. 30 - CHANNEL UNITS
			FIG. 31 - CHANNEL UNITS
			FIG. 32 - CORE UNITS
			FIG. 33 -  CORED, UNIT FLOOR
			FIG. 34 - PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PLANK
			FIG. 35 - PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PLANK FLOOR
			FIG. 36 - PREFAB BRICK PANEL
			FIG. 37 - BRICK PANEL FLOOR
			FIG. 38 -  WAFFLE UNITS
			FIG. 39 - WAFFLE UNIT FLOO
			Table 20 - Strengthening Measures for Floors/Roofs with Small Precast Components
			8.8 Timber Construction
			FIG. 40 - CONNECTION OF PRECAST CORED/CHANNEL UNIT WITH TIE BEAM
			FIG. 41 - CONNECTION OF CHANNEL/CORED UNIT FLOOR/ROOF (WITH DECK CONCRETE) WITH TIE BEAM
			FIG. 42 - CONNECTION OF PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PLANK AND PRECAST BRICK PANELFLOOR/ROOF (WITH DECK CONCRETE) WITH TIE BEAM
			FIG. 43 - CONNECTION OF PRECAST WAFFLE UNIT FLOOR/ROOF (WITH DECK CONCRETE ) WITH TIE BEAM
			FIG. 44 - PROVISION OF REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE FLOOR FINISH
			FIG. 45 - DETAILS OF CONNECTION OF COLUMN WITHFOUNDATION
			FIG. 46 - STUD WALL CONSTRUCTION
			Table 21 - Maximum Spacing of 40 mm × 90 mmFinished Size Studs in Stud Wall Construction
			Table 22 - Minimum Finished Sizes ofDiagonal Braces
			FIG. 47 -  BRICK NOGGED TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTION
			Table 23 - Minimum Finished Sizes of Vertical inBrick Nogged Timber Frame Construction
			Table 24 - Minimum Finished Size ofHorizontal Nogging Members
		9 GUIDELINES  FOR  IMPROVINGEARTHQUAKE  RESISTANCE  OF  LOWSTRENGTH MASONRY BUILDINGS
			9.2  General Principles
			FIG. 48 NOTCHING AND CUTTING
			9.3 Special Construction Features
			9.4  Box Type Construction
			9.5  Categories of Buildings
			9.6  Low Strength Masonry Construction
			FIG. 49 - WALL DELAMINATED WITH BUCKLED WYTHES
			FIG. 50 - THROUGH STONE AND BAND ELEMENTS
			Table 25 - Size and Position of Openings in BearingWalls (see Fig. 21)
			Table 26 - Strengthening ArrangementsRecommended for Low StrengthMasonry Buildings
			FIG. 51 - WOODEN BAND FOR LOW-STRENGTH MASONRY BUILDINGS
			Table 27  - Vertical Steel Reinforcement in LowStrength Masonry Walls
			FIG. 52 - TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION DETAIL FORINSTALLING VERTICAL STEEL BAR IN RANDOMRUBBLE STONE MASONRY
		10 REINFORCED MASONRY
			10.1 General
			10.2 Terminology
			10.3  Materials
			10.4  Design Considerations
			Table 28 - Maximum Effective Span to EffectiveDepth for Walls Subjected toOut-of-Plane Bending
			10.5 Requirements Governing Reinforcement andDetailing
			FIG. 53 - STANDARD HOOK
			10.6 Structural Design
			FIG. 54 - REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
			FIG. 55 - EFFECTIVE COMPRESSIVE WIDTH
			Table 29 - Allowable Shear Stress for ReinforcedMasonry Shear Walls, Fv
			10.7  Seismic Design Requirements
			Table 30 - Reinforcement and R-Values forDifferent Wall Types in Various Seismic Zones
			FIG. 56 - PROVISION OF MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT
		11 MASONRY WALLS USING RAT-TRAP BONDTECHNOLOGY
		12  NOTATIONS AND SYMBOLS
		ANNEX A - SOME GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSMENT OF ECCENTRICITY OF LOADING ON WALLS
		ANNEX B - CALCULATION OF BASIC COMPRESSIVE STRESS OF MASONRY BY PRISM TEST
			Table 31 - Correction Factors forDifferent h/t Ratios
			B-2  CALCULATION OF BASIC COMPRESSIVESTRESS
		ANNEX C - GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN OF MASONRY SUBJECTED TO CONCENTRATED LOADS
			C-1 EXTENT  OF  DISPERSAL  OFCONCENTRATED LOAD
			C-2  INCREASE IN PERMISSIBLE STRESS
			C-3 CRITERIA OF PROVIDING BED BLOCK
		ANNEX D - GUIDELINES FOR APPROXIMATE DESIGN OF NON-LOAD BEARING WALL
			D-1  PANEL WALLS
			Table 32 - Bending Moments in Laterally LoadedPanel Walls, Free at Top Edge and Supported onOther Three Edges
			Table 33 - Bending Moments in Laterally LoadedPanel Walls Supported on All Four Edges
			D-2  CURTAIN WALLS
			D-3  PARTITION WALLS
			D-4  CANTILEVER PROJECTIONS
			FIG. 57 - PARAPET WALLS
		ANNEX E - CONFINED MASONRY BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
			E-1  UNDERSTANDING CONFINED MASONRYCONSTRUCTION
				E-1.2  Difference Between Confined Masonry andRC Frame Construction
			E-2  GUIDE TO EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANTCONFINED MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
				E-2.1  Building Configuration
				E-2.2 Confining Elements
				E-2.3  Walls
				E-2.4  Wall Density
			E-3  CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF CONFINEDMASONRY
			E-3.1  Construction of Walls
			E-3.2 Tie-Column
			E-3.3 Tie-Beams
			E-3.4  Foundation and Plinth Construction
			FIG. 58 CONFINED MASONRY BUILDING
				58 - A TYPICAL CONFINED MASONRY BUILDING PLAN
				58B -  TYPICAL 2-STOREY CONFINED MASONRY BUILDING
			FIG. 59 RC FRAME AND CONFINED MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
				59A -  RC FRAME CONSTRUCTION
				59B -   CONFINED MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
			FIG. 60 - FORMWORK FOR TIE COLUMNS
			FIG. 61 - TIE COLUMN REINFORCEMENT
			FIG. 62 - TIE BEAM AND COLUMN
		ANNEX F - TYPICAL ITERATIVE METHOD FOR WALLS SUBJECTED TO FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOAD
			F-2 ITERATIVE PROCEDURE 1
			FIG. 63 - FLEXURE AND AXIAL WALL LOADING
			FIG. 64 - INTERACTION DIAGRAM
			Table 34 - Flexure and Axial Loading - WallAnalysis
			F-4  ITERATIVE PROCEDURE 2
			FIG. 65 - FLEXURE BODY DIAGRAM OF A WALL
		ANNEX G - DISTRIBUTION OF LATERAL FORCES IN THE PIERS OF A MASONRY WALL
			FIG. 66 - DEFLECTION DUE TO END CONDITIONS OF PIERS
			FIG. 67 - WALL COMBINBATIONS FOR CALCULATING RIGIDITIES OF WALLS WITH OPENINGS
			FIG. 68 - CHARTS FOR CALCULATING WALL RIGIDITIES
			FIG. 69 - WALL WITH OPENINGS (CALCULATION OFRIGIDITY AND LOAD DISTRIBUTION)
		ANNEX H  - MASONRY WALLS USING RAT-TRAP BOND
			H-1 GENERAL
			H-2  NECESSARY INFORMATION
			H-3  MATERIALS
				H-3.2  Mortars
				H-3.3  Storage of Materials
				H-3.4  Materials for Damp-Proof Courses
				H-3.5 Materials for Flashing and Weatherin
				H-3.6  Metal Reinforcement
			H-4  DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
				H-4.1  Selection of Bricks
				H-4.2  Rat-Trap Bond Details
				FIG. 70 - ARRANGEMENT IN RAT-TRAP BOND
				H-4.3  Precautions
				H-4.4  Strength of Rat-Trap Bond
				FIG. 71 - TYPICAL MODULE DETAILS OF RAT-TRAP BOND
				H-4.5 Thickness of Joint
				FIG. 72 - OPENING IN RAT-TRAP BOND MASONRY
				FIG. 73 - TYPICAL LAYING OF RAT-TRAP BOND
				H-4.6  Structural and Functional Characteristics ofBrickwork
				H-4.7  Control of Shrinkage Cracking
				H-4.8  Thermal Insulation
				H-4.9  Fire Resistance
				H-4.10  Sound Insulation
			H-5  LAYING OF BRICKWORK
				H-5.3  Protection Against Damage
			H-6  INSPECTION
				H-6.1  General
				H-6.2 Inspection of Materials
				H-6.3 Inspection of Workmanship
			H-7  TESTING METHOD FOR RAT-TRAP BONDWALL SAMPLES
			FIG. 74 - RAT-TRAP BOND TEST SPECIMEN
			FIG. 75 - ENGLISH BOND TEST SPECIMEN
		ANNEX J - NOTATIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 5 Concrete: 5A Plain and Reinforced Concrete
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		SECTION 5A (A) GENERAL
			1 SCOPE
			2  TERMINOLOGY
			3 SYMBOLS
		SECTION 5A (B1) MATERIALS,WORKMANSHIP, INSPECTIONAND TESTING
			4  MATERIALS
				4.1  Cement
				4.2  Mineral Admixtures
				4.3  Aggregates
				4.4  Water
				Table 1 - Permissible Limit for Solids
				4.5  Chemical Admixtures
				4.6  Reinforcement
				4.7  Fibres
				4.7  Fibres
				4.8  Storage of Materials
			5  CONCRETE
				5.1 Grades
				Table 2 - Grades of Concrete
				5.2 Properties of Concrete
			6  WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE
			7  DURABILITY OF CONCRETE
				7.1 General
				7.2  Requirements for Durability
				Table 3 - Environmental Exposure Conditions
				Table 4 - Requirements for Concrete Exposed to Sulphate Attack
				Table 5 - Minimum Cement Content, Maximum Water-Cement Ratio and Minimum Grade of Concretefor Different Exposures with Normal Weight Aggregates of 20 mm NominalMaximum Size
				Table 6 - Adjustments to Minimum CementContents for Aggregates Other than 20 mmNominal Maximum Size
				Table 7 - Limits of Chloride Content of Concrete
			8  CONCRETE MIX PROPORTIONING
				8.1  Mix Proportion
				8.2  Design Mix Concrete
				8.3  Nominal Mix Concrete
				Table 8 - Assumed Standard Deviation
			9  PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE
				9.1  Quality Assurance Measures
				Table 9 - Proportions for Nominal Mix Concrete
				9.2  Batching
				Table 10 - Surface Water Carried by Aggregate
				9.3  Mixing
			10  FORMWORK
				10.1  General
				10.2  Cleaning and Treatment of Formwork
				10.3  Stripping Time
			11  ASSEMBLY OF REINFORCEMENT
				11.3  Placing of Reinforcement
				11.4  Welded Joints or Mechanical Connections
			12  TRANSPORTING, PLACING, COMPACTIONAND CURING
				12.1  Transporting and Handling
				12.2  Placing
				12.3  Compaction
				12.4  Construction Joints and Cold Joints
				12.5  Curing
				12.6  Supervision
			13 CONCRETING  UNDER  SPECIALCONDITIONS
				13.1  Work in Extreme Weather Conditions
				13.2  Under-Water Concreting
			14  SAMPLING AND STRENGTH OF DESIGNEDCONCRETE MIX
				14.1  General
				14.2  Frequency of Sampling
				14.3  Test Specimen
				14.4  Test Results of Sample
			15  ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
				15.1  Compressive Strength
				15.2  Flexural Strength
				15.3  Quantity of Concrete Represented by StrengthTest Results
			Table 11 - Characteristic Compressive StrengthCompliance Requirement
			16  INSPECTION  AND  TESTING  OFSTRUCTURES
				16.1  Inspection
				16.3  Testing
				16.4  Core Test
				16.6  Load Tests for Flexural Member
				16.7  Members Other Than Flexural Members
				16.8  Non-Destructive Tests
		SECTION 5A (B2) SPECIAL CONCRETE
			16A  SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
				16A.1  General
				16A.2  Application Areas
				16A.3 Features of Fresh Self Compacting Concrete
				16A.4  Mix Proportioning
				16A.5  Production of Self Compacting Concrete
				16A.6  Engineering Properties
			16B  HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
				16B.1  General
				16B.2 Measures  for  Improving  SpecificPerformance Requirements
		SECTION 5A (C) GENERAL DESIGNCONSIDERATION
			17  BASES FOR DESIGN
				17.1  Aim of Design
				17.2  Methods of Design
				17.3  Durability, Workmanship and Materials
				17.4  Design Process
			18  LOADS AND FORCES
				18.1  General
				18.2  Dead Loads
				18.3  Imposed Loads, Wind Loads and Snow Loads
				18.4 Earthquake Forces
				18.5  Shrinkage, Creep and Temperature Effects
				18.6  Other Forces and Effects
				18.7  Combination of Loads
				18.8  Dead Load Counteracting Other Loads andForces
				18.9  Design Load
			19  STABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE
				19.1 Overturning
				19.2  Sliding
				19.3  Probable Variation in Dead Load
				19.4  Moment Connection
				19.5  Lateral Sway
			20  FIRE RESISTANCE
			21  ANALYSIS
				21.1 General
				21.2  Effective Span
				21.3  Stiffness
				21.4  Structural Frames
				FIG. 1 - MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS FOR FIRE RESISTANCE
				21.5  Moment  and  Shear  Coefficients  forContinuous Beams
				Table 12 - Bending Moment Coefficients
				Table 13 - Shear Force Coefficients
				21.6  Critical Sections for Moment and Shear
				21.7  Redistribution of Moments
				FIG. 2 - TYPICAL SUPPORT CONDITIONS FOR LOCATING FACTORED SHEAR FORCE
			22  BEAMS
				22.0  Effective Depth
					22.1  T-Beams and L-Beams
					FIG. 3 - TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT IN FLANGE OFT- BEAM WHEN MAIN REINFORCEMENT OF SLAB ISPARALLEL TO THE BEAM
					22.2  Control of Deflection
					FIG. 4 - MODIFICATION FACTOR FOR TENSIONREINFORCEMENT
					FIG. 5 - MODIFICATION FACTOR FOR COMPRESSIONREINFORCEMENT
					FIG. 6 - REDUCTION FACTORS FOR RATIOS OF SPAN TOEFFECTIVE DEPTH FOR FLANGED BEAMS
					22.3 Slenderness Limits for Beams to Ensure LateralStability
			23  SOLID SLABS
				23.1 General
				23.2  Slabs Continuous Over Supports
				23.3  Slabs Monolithic with Supports
				Table 14 - Values of k for Simply Supportedand Continuous Slabs
				23.4  Slabs Spanning in Two Directions at RightAngles
				23.5  Loads on Supporting Beams
				FIG. 7 - LOAD CARRIED BY SUPPORTED BEAMS
			24  COMPRESSION MEMBERS
				24.1  Definitions
				24.2  Effective Length of Compression Members
				24.3  Slenderness Limits for Columns
				24.4  Minimum Eccentricity
			25 REQUIREMENTS  GOVERNINGREINFORCEMENT AND DETAILING
				25.1  General
				25.2 Development of Stress in Reinforcement
				25.3  Spacing of Reinforcement
				Table 15 - Clear Distance Between Bars
				25.4  Nominal Cover to Reinforcement
				Table 16 - Nominal Cover to MeetDurability Requirements
				25.5 Requirements of Reinforcement for StructuralMembers
				Table 16A - Nominal Cover to Meet Specified Period of Fire Resistance
				FIG. 8
				FIG. 9
				FIG. 10
				FIG. 11
			26  EXPANSION JOINTS
		SECTION 5A (D) SPECIAL DESIGNREQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURALMEMBERS AND SYSTEMS
			27  CONCRETE CORBELS
				27.1  General
				27.2  Design
			28  DEEP BEAMS
				28.1  General
				28.2  Lever Arm
				28.3  Reinforcement
			29  RIBBED, HOLLOW BLOCK OR VOIDEDSLAB
				29.1  General
				29.2  Analysis of Structure
				29.3  Shear
				29.4 Deflection
				29.5  Size and Position of Ribs
				29.6  Hollow Blocks and Formers
				29.7 Arrangement of Reinforcement
				29.8 Precast Joists and Hollow Filler Blocks
			30 FLAT SLABS
				30.1 General
				30.2 Proportioning
				FIG. 12 - CRITICAL SECTIONS FOR SHEAR IN FLAT SLABS
				30.3  Determination of Bending Moment
				30.4  Direct Design Method
				Table 17 - Minimum Permissible Values of ac
				30.5  Equivalent Frame Method
				30.6 Shear in Flat Slab
				FIG. 13 - CRITICAL SECTIONS IN PLAN FOR SHEAR INFLAT SLABS
				FIG. 14 -  EFFECT OF FREE EDGES ON CRITICALSECTION FOR SHEAR
				FIG. 15 -  EFFECT OF OPENINGS ON CRITICAL SECTION FOR SHEAR
				30.7  Slab Reinforcement
				30.8  Openings in Flat Slabs
				FIG. 16 - MINIMUM BEND JOINT LOCATION AND EXTENSION FOR REINFORCEMENT IN FLAT SLABS
			31  WALLS
				31.1  General
				31.2  Empirical Design Method for Walls Subjectedto In-Plane Vertical Loads
				31.3 Walls Subjected to Combined Horizontal andVertical Forces
				31.4  Design for Horizontal Shear
				31.5 Minimum Requirements for Reinforcement inWalls
			32 STAIRS
				32.1 Effective Span of Stairs
				32.2 Distribution of Loading on Stairs
				FIG. 17 - EFFECTIVE SPAN FOR STAIRS SUPPORTED ATEACH END BY LANDINGS SPANNING PARALLELWITH THE RISERS
				32.3 Depth of Section
			33 FOOTINGS
				33.1 General
				FIG. 18 - LOADING ON STAIRS WITH OPEN WELLS
				FIG. 19 - LOADING ON STAIRS BUILT INTO WALLS
				FIG. 20
				33.2  Moments and Forces
				33.3  Tensile Reinforcement
				33.4  Transfer of Load at the Base of Column
				33.5 Nominal Reinforcement
		SECTION 5A (E) STRUCTURAL DESIGN(LIMIT STATE METHOD)
			34 SAFETY  AND  SERVICEABILITYREQUIREMENTS
				34.1  General
				34.2  Limit State of Collapse
				34.3  Limit States of Serviceability
				34.4  Other Limit States
			35  CHARACTERISTIC AND DESIGN VALUESAND PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS
				35.1  Characteristic Strength of Materials
				35.2  Characteristic Loads
				35.3  Design Values
				35.4  Partial Safety Factors
				Table 18  - Values of Partial Safety Factor gf for Loads
			36  ANALYSIS
				36.1  Analysis of Structure
			37  LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE: FLEXURE
				37.1  Assumptions
				FIG. 21 - STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR CONCRETE
				FIG. 22 - STRESS BLUE PARAMETERS
			38 LIMIT  STATE  OF  COLLAPSE:COMPRESSION
				38.1  Assumptions
				FIG. 23 - REPRESENTATIVE STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FORREINFORCEMENT
				38.2  Minimum Eccentricity
				38.3 Short Axially Loaded Members in Compression
				38.4 Compression  Members  with  HelicalReinforcement
				38.5  Members Subjected to Combined Axial Loadand Uniaxial Bending
				38.6  Members Subjected to Combined Axial Loadand Biaxial Bending
				38.7  Slender Compression Members
			39  LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE: SHEAR
				39.1 Nominal Shear Stress
				39.2  Design Shear Strength of Concrete
				Table 19 - Design Shear Strength ofConcrete, tc, N/mm2
				Table 20 - Maximum Shear Stress, tcmax, N/mm2
				39.3 Minimum Shear Reinforcement
				39.4  Design of Shear Reinforcement
				39.5  Enhanced Shear Strength of Sections Close toSupports
				FIG. 24 - SHEAR FAILURE NEAR SUPPORTS
			40 LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE: TORSION
				40.1  General
				40.2  Critical Section
				40.3  Shear and Torsion
				40.4  Reinforcement  in Members  Subjected  toTorsion
			41 LIMIT  STATE  OF  SERVICEABILITY:DEFLECTION
				41.1  Flexural Members
			42 LIMIT  STATE  OF  SERVICEABILITY:CRACKING
				42.1  Flexural Members
				42.2  Compression Members
			ANNEX A - DESIGN OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
				A-1 GENERAL
				A-2  DEFINITIONS
					A-2.1  Crack  Mouth  Opening  Displacement(CMOD)
					A-2.2 Crack Opening Displacement (COD)
					A-2.3 Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)
					A-2.4 Hardening  Behaviour
					A-2.5 Softening Behaviour
					A-2.6 Target Dosage
				A-3  PROPERTIES OF SFRC
					A-3.1  General
					A-3.2  Compressive Strength
					A-3.3  Tensile Properties
					FIG. 25 - CLASSIFICATION OF SFRC
					FIG. 26 - ARRANGEMENT FOR RESIDUAL FLEXURAL TENSILE TEST
					FIG. 27 - TESTING ARRANGEMENT FOR DIRECT TENSION
					FIG. 28 - LOAD VERSUS CMOD FOR RESIDUAL FLEXURAL TENSION
					A-3.4 Modulus of Elasticity
				A-4  DESIGN  OF  REINFORCED  SFRCMEMBERS
					A-4.1  General
					A-4.2  Strength of Beams in Bending and CombinedBending and Axial Force
					A-4.3 Minimum Reinforcement Requirements forBending
					A-4.4  Strength of Beams in Shear
					A-4.5  Design for Serviceability Limit States
					FIG. 29 - STRESS BLOCKS AND FORCES ON REINFORCED SFRC SECTION
					FIG. 30 - STRESS AND STRAIN DISTRIBUTION ON A CRACKED SECTION SUBJECTED TOAPPLIED IN-SERVICE BENDING MOMENT (M*S)
				A-5  DURABILITY
				A-6 FIRE
					Table 21 - Elevated Temperature Coefficient forResidual Tensile Stress of SFRC
				A-7  PRODUCTION OF SFRC
					A-7.1  Fibres
					A-7.2  Mixing of Fibres
					A-7.3 Pre-Construction Testing of Materials
					Table 22 - Pre-Construction Tests
					A-7.4  Factory Production control
					A-7.5 Determining the Steel Fibre Content
					A-7.6  Sampling,  Testing  and  Assessment  forCompliance of Hardened SFRC
					Table 23 - Routine Production Control
					Table 24 - Criteria of Acceptance forSteel Fibre Dosage
		ANNEX B - STRUCTURAL DESIGN (WORKING STRESS METHOD)
			B-1 GENERAL
				B-1.1 General Design Requirement
				B-1.2 Redistribution of Moments
				B-1.3  Assumptions for Design of Members
			B-2  PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
				B-2.1  Permissible Stresses in Concrete
				B-2.2  Permissible Stresses in Steel Reinforcement
				B-2.3  Increase in Permissible Stresses
				Table 25 - Permissible Stresses in Concrete
			B-3 PERMISSIBLE LOADS IN COMPRESSIONMEMBERS
				B-3.1 Pedestals and Short Columns with LateralTies
				B-3.2 Short Columns with Helical Reinforcement
				Table 26 - Permissible Stresses in Steel Reinforcement
				B-3.3  Long Columns
				B-3.4  Composite Columns
			B-4  MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO COMBINEDAXIAL LOAD AND BENDING
				B-4.1 Design Based on Uncracked Section
				B-4.2  Design Based on Cracked Section
				B-4.3  Members Subjected to Combined DirectLoad and Flexure
			B-5 SHEAR
				B-5.1 Nominal Shear Stres
				B-5.2  Design Shear Strength of Concrete
				Table 27 - Permissible Shear Stress in Concrete
				Table 28 - Maximum Shear Stress tc max, N/mm2
				B-5.3  Minimum Shear Reinforcement
				B-5.4 Design of Shear Reinforcement
				B-5.5 Enhanced Shear Strength of Sections Closeto Supports
			B-6  TORSION
				B-6.1  General
				B-6.2  Critical Section
				B-6.3  Shear and Torsion
				B-6.4  Reinforcement in Members Subjected toTorsion
		ANNEX C - CALCULATION OF DELEFCTION
			C-1  TOTAL DEFLECTION
			C-2 SHORT-TERM DEFLECTION
			C-3 DEFLECTION DUE TO SHRINKAGE
			Table 29 - Values of Coefficient, k1
			C-4  DEFLECTION DUE TO CREEP
		ANNEX D - SLABS SPANNING IN TWO DIRECTIONS
			D-1  RESTRAINED SLABS
			D-2 SIMPLY SUPPORTED SLABS
			Table 30 - Bending Moment Coefficients for Rectangular Panels Supported on Four Sideswith Provision for Torsion at Corners
			FIG. 31 - DIVISION OF SLAB INTO MIDDLE AND EDGE STRIPS
			Table 31 - Bending Moment Coefficients for Slabs Spanning in Two Directions atRight Angles, Simply Supported on Four Sides
		ANNEX E - EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COLUMNS
			FIG. 32 - EFFECTIVE LENGTH RATIOS FOR A COLUMN IN A FRAME WITH NO SWAY
			FIG. 33 - EFFECTIVE LENGTH RATIOS FOR A COLUMN IN A FRAME WITHOUT RESTRAINT AGAINST SWAY
			Table 32 - Effective Length of Compession Members
		ANNEX F - DUCTILE DESIGN AND DETAILING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC FORCES
			F-1 GENERAL
			F-2 TERMINOLOGY
				F-2.1  Beams •
				F-2.2 Boundary Elements
				F-2.3 Columns
				F-2.4 Cover Concrete
				F-2.5 Transverse Reinforcement
				F-2.6  Gravity Columns  in Buildings
				F-2.7  Lateral Force Resisting System
				F-2.8  Moment-Resisting Frame
				F-2.9 Link
				F-2.10  Shear Wall (also called Structural Wall)
				F-2.11  Special Shear Wall
			F-3  SYMBOLS
			F-4  GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
			F-5 BEAMS
				F-5.1 General
				F-5.2  Longitudinal Reinforcement
				FIG. 34 - BEAM COLUMN JUNCTIONS
				FIG. 35 - ANCHORAGE OF LONGITUDINAL BEAM BARS ATEXTERIOR BEAM-COLUMN JOINT
				FIG. 36 - LAP LENGTH AT LOCATION OF SPLICING OFLONGITUDINAL BARS IN BEAM
				F-5.3  Transverse Reinforcement
				FIG. 37 - DETAILS OF TRANSVERSEREINFORCEMENT IN BEAMS
				FIG. 38 - CALCULATION OF DESIGN SHEAR FORCEDEMAND ON BEAMS UNDER PLASTIC HINGEACTION AT THEIR ENDS
			F-6  COLUMNS AND INCLINED MEMBERS
				F-6.1  Geometry
				F-6.2  Relative Strengths of Beams and Columns ata Joint
				FIG. 39 - DETAILS OF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT IN BEAMS
				FIG. 40 - MINIMUM SIZE OF RC COLUMNS BASED ON DIAMETER OF LARGEST LONGITUDINALREINFORCEMENT BAR IN BEAMS FRAMING INTO IT
				F-6.3  Longitudinal Reinforcement
				FIG. 41 - STRONG COLUMN • WEAK BEAM
				F-6.4  Transverse Reinforcement
				FIG. 42 - REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENT IN COLUMNSWITH PROJECTION MORE THAN 100 mm BEYOND CORE
				F-6.5  Design Shear Force in Columns
			F-7  SPECIAL CONFINING REINFORCEMENT
				FIG. 43 - DETAIL OF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT IN COLUMNS
				FIG. 44 - EQUILIBRIUM DESIGN SHEAR FORCE DEMAND ON COLUMN WHEN PLASTIC HINGESARE FORMED AT BEAM ENDS
				FIG. 45 - COLUMN AND JOINT DETAILING
				FIG. 46 - PROVISION OF SPECIAL CONFININGREINFORCEMENT IN FOOTING
				FIG. 47 - COLUMNS WITH VARIABLE STIFFNESS
			F-8  BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS OF MOMENT-RESISTING FRAMES
				F-8.1   Design  of  Beam-Column  Joint  forDistortional Shear
				FIG. 48 -  PLAN VIEW OF A BEAM COLUMN JOINT SHOWING EFFECTIVE BREADTH AND WIDTH OF JOINT
				F-8.2 Transverse Reinforcemen
			F-9  SPECIAL SHEAR WALLS
				F-9.1  General Requirements
				Table 33 - Minimum Reinforcement inRC Shear Walls
				F-9.2  Design for Shear Force
				F-9.3  Design for Axial Force and Bending Moment
				F-9.4  Boundary Elements
				F-9.5  Coupling Beams
				F-9.6  Openings in Walls
				FIG. 49 - COUPLING BEAMS WITH DIAGONAL REINFORCEMENT
				F-9.7  Construction Joints
				F-9.8  Development,  Splice  and  AnchorageRequirement
				F-9.9  Moment of Resistance of Rectangular ShearWall Section
			F-10  GRAVITY COLUMNS IN BUILDINGS
		ANNEX G - CALCULATION OF CRACK WIDTH
			FIG. 50
		ANNEX H - MOMENTS OF RESISTANCE FOR RECTANGULAR AND T-SECTION
			H-1  RECTANGULAR SECTIONS
			H-1.1 Sections  Without  CompressionReinforcement
			H-1.2 Section with Compression Reinforcement
			H-2  FLANGED SECTION
			LIST OF STANDARDS
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 5 Concrete: 5B Prestressed Concrete
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		SECTION 5B (A) GENERAL
			1 SCOPE
			2 TERMINOLOGY
				2.1  Anchorage Device
				2.2  Bonded Member
				2.3   Bonded  Post-Tensioning
				2.4  Cable
				2.5  Characteristic Load
				2.6  Characteristic Strength
				2.7  Column or Strut
				2.8  Creep
				2.9  Creep Coefficient
				2.10  Final Prestress
				2.11 Final Tension
				2.12 Initial Prestress
				2.13 Initial Tension
				2.14 Post-Tensioning
				2.15  Prestressed Concrete
				2.16 Pre-Tensioning
				2.17  Relaxation
				2.18  Sheathing
				2.19  Short Column
				2.20  Slender Column
				2.21  Shrinkage Loss
				2.22  Stress at Transfer
				2.23  Tendon
				2.24  Transfer
				2.25  Transmission Length
			3  SYMBOLS
		SECTION 5B (B) MATERIALS,WORKMANSHIP, INSPECTION ANDTESTING
			4  MATERIALS
				4.1  Cement
				4.2  Mineral Admixtures
				4.3  Aggregates
				4.4  Water
				4.5  Chemical Admixtures
				4.6  Prestressed and Untensioned Steel
				4.7  Storage of Materials
			5  CONCRETE
				5.1  Grades
				Table 1 -  Grade of Concrete
				5.2  Properties of Concrete
			6  WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE
			7  DURABILITY OF CONCRETE
				7.1  General
				7.2 Requirements for Durability
				Table 2  - Environmental Exposure Conditions
				Table 3 - Requirements for Prestressed Concrete Exposed to Sulphate Attack
				Table 4 - Minimum Cement Content, MaximumWater-Cement Ratio and Minimum Grade ofConcrete for Different Exposures withNormal Weight Aggregates of 20 mmNominal Maximum Size
				Table 5 - Adjustments to Minimum CementContents for Aggregates Other than 20 mmNominal Maximum Size
			8  CONCRETE MIX PROPORTIONING
				8.1 Mix Proportion
				8.2  Design Mix Concrete
			9  PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE
				9.1  Quality Assurance Measures
				9.2  Batching
				9.3  Mixing
			10  FORMWORK
			11  ASSEMBLY  OF  PRESTRESSING  ANDREINFORCING STEEL
				11.1  Prestressing Steel
				11.2  Sheathing Ducts
				11.3 Untensioned Steel
			12  PRESTRESSING
				12.1 Prestressing Equipment
				12.2  Procedure for Tensioning and Transfer
				FIG. 1 - DETERMINATION OF ACTUAL ELONGATION
				12.3 Grouting
				12.4 Grouting Operations
				12.4 Grouting Operations
				FIG. 2 - PROCEDURE FOR GROUTING OF CABLES DRAPED DOWNWARDS
			13 TRANSPORTING, PLACING, COMPACTINGAND CURING
			14 CONCRETING  UNDER  SPECIALCONDITIONS
				14.1  Work in Extreme Weather Conditions
			15 SAMPLING AND  STRENGTH  TEST OFDESIGN CONCRETE MIX
			16  ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
			17 INSPECTION  AND  TESTING  OFSTRUCTURES
		SECTION 5B (C) GENERAL DESIGNREQUIREMENTS
			18  GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
				18.1  General
				18.2  Effects of Prestress
				18.3  Deductions for Prestressing Tendons
				18.4  Instability During Erection
				18.5 Prestressing Requirements
				Table 6 - Relaxation Losses for Prestressing Steel at1 000 h at 20 ± 2 °C
				18.6  Considerations Affecting Design Details
		SECTION 5B (D) STRUCTURAL DESIGN:LIMIT STATE METHOD
			19 SAFETY  AND  SERVICEABILITYREQUIREMENTS
				19.1  Limit State Design
				19.2 Limit State of Collapse
				19.3  Limit States of Serviceability
			20  CHARACTERISTIC AND DESIGN VALUESAND PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS
				20.1  Characteristic Strength of Materials
				20.2  Characteristic Loads
				20.3  Design Values
				20.4  Partial Safety Factors
			21  ANALYSIS
				21.1  Analysis of Structure
			22  LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE
				22.1  Limit State of Collapse: Flexure
				Table 7 - Values of Partial Safety Factor  (gf)  For Loads
				FIG. 3 - STRESS STRAIN CURVE FOR CONCRETE
				FIG. 4 - STRESS BLOCK PARAMETERS
				FIG. 5 - REPRESENTATIVE STRESS STRAIN CURVES FORPRESTRESSING STEEL
				22.2  Limit State of Collapse: Compression
				22.3  Limit State of Collapse: Tension
				22.4  Limit State of Collapse: Shear
				Table 8 - Design Shear Strength ofConcrete, zc , N/mm2
				Table 9 - Maximum Shear Stress
				22.5  Limit State of Collapse: Torsion
			23  LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILITY
				23.1  Limit State of Serviceability: Deflection
				23.2  Limit State of Serviceability: Cracking
				23.3  Limit  State  of  Serviceability: MaximumCompression
				Table 10 - Hypothetical Flexural Tensile Stressesfor Type 3 Members
				FIG. 6 - DEPTH FACTORS FOR TENSILE STRESSES FORTYPE 3 MEMBERS
				FIG. 7-  COMPUTATION OF MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLECOMPRESSIVE STRESS IN FLEXURE DUE TO FINALPRESTRESS
				FIG. 8 -  COMPUTATION OF MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE COMPRESSIVE STRESS IN FLEXURE AT TRANSFER
		ANNEX A - SHEATHING DUCTS FOR PRESTRESSING
			A-1 MILD STEEL SHEATHING DUCTS
			A-2 CORRUGATED HDPE SHEATHING DUCTS
			A-3  TESTS ON SHEATHING DUCTS
				A-3.1  Workability Test
				FIG. 9 - WORKABILITY TEST
				A-3.2  Transverse Load Rating Test
				A-3.3 Tension Load Test
				A-3.4  Water Loss Test
			A-4   TESTS  ON  CORRUGATED  HDPESHEATHING DUCTS
				A-4.1  Bond Test
				FIG. 10 - TRANSVERSE LOAD RATING TES
				FIG. 11 - TENSION LOAD TEST
				A-4.2 Compression Test for the Loss of Wall Thickness
				FIG. 12 - TEST FOR WATER LOSS STUDY
				FIG. 13 - BOND TEST ARRANGEMENT
				FIG. 14 - COMPRESSION TEST ARRANGEMENT
			A-5  SPECIFICATION FOR SHEATHING DUCTJOINTS
				FIG. 15 - TYPICAL DETAILS OF A SLEEVE COUPLER
				FIG. 16 TYPICAL DETAILS OF HEAT-SHRINK COUPLERE
		ANNEX B - TESTING OF SYSTEMS WITH MECHANICAL ANCHORAGES
			B-1 STATIC  LOAD  TEST WITH  TENDON-ANCHORAGE ASSEMBLY
				B-1.1  Test Specimen
				B-1.2 Test Procedure
				B-1.3  Measurements and Observations
				B-1.4 Test Requirements
			B-2 DYNAMIC LOAD TEST WITH TENDON-ANCHORAGE ASSEMBLY
				B-2.1 Test Specimen
				FIG. 17 - DISPLACEMENTS DURING TESTING
				B-2.2  Test Procedure
				B-2.3  Measurements and Observations
				B-2.4  Steel Requirements
			B-3  LOAD TRANSFER TEST
				B-3.1  Test Specimen
				FIG. 18 - TEST SPECIMEN FOR LOAD TRANSFER TEST
				B-3.2  Test Procedure
				FIG. 19 - PROCEDURE FOR THE LOAD TRANSFER TES
				B-3.3  Measurements and Observations
				B-3.4  Requirements
				FIG. 20 - REQUIREMENTS FOR CRACK WIDTHS
		ANNEX C - MOMENTS OF RESISTANCE FOR RECTANGULAR AND T-SECTIONS
			Table 11 - Conditions at the Ultimate Limit State for Rectangular Beams With Pre-Tensioned Tendons orWith Post-Tensioned Tendons  Having Effective Bond
			LIST OF STANDARDS
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 6 Steel
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		SECTION 6(a) GENERAL
			1  SCOPE
			2 TERMINOLOGY
				2.1 Accidental Loads
				2.2  Accompanying Load
				2.3  Action Effect or Load Effect
				2.4  Action
				2.5  Actual Length
				2.6  Beam
				2.7  Bearing Type Connection
				2.8  Braced Member
				2.9  Brittle Cladding
				2.10  Buckling Load
				2.11  Buckling Strength or Resistance
				2.12  Built-Up Section
				2.13  Camber
				2.14  Characteristic Load (Action)
				2.15  Characteristic Yield/Ultimate Stress
				2.16  Column
				2.17  Compact Section
				2.18 Constant Stress Range
				2.19  Corrosion
				2.20  Crane Load
				2.21  Cumulative Fatigue
				2.22 Cut-Off Limit
				2.23  Dead Loads
				2.24  Deflection
				2.25  Design Life
				2.26  Design Load/Factored Load
				2.27  Design Spectrum
				2.28  Detail Category
				2.29  Discontinuity
				2.30  Ductility
				2.31  Durability
				2.32  Earthquake  Loads •
				2.33  Edge Distance
				2.34  Effective Lateral Restraint
				2.35  Effective Length
				2.36  Elastic Cladding
				2.37  Elastic Critical Moment
				2.38  Elastic Design
				2.39  Elastic Limit
				2.40  End Distance
				2.41  Erection Loads •
				2.42  Erection Tolerance
				2.43  Exposed Surface Area to Mass Ratio
				2.44  Fabrication Tolerance
				2.45  Factor of Safety
				2.46  Fatigue
				2.47 Fatigue Loading
				2.48 Fatigue Strength
				2.49  Fire Exposure Condition
				2.50  Fire Protection System
				2.51  Fire Resistance
				2.52  Fire Resistance Level
				2.53  Flexural Stiffness
				2.54  Friction Type Connection
				2.55  Gauge
				2.56  Gravity  Load
				2.57  Gusset Plate
				2.58  High Shear
				2.59  Imposed (Live) Load
				2.60  Instability
				2.61  Lateral Restraint for a Beam
				2.62  Leading Imposed Load
				2.63  Limit State
				2.64  Live Load
				2.65  Load
				2.66 Main Member
				2.67  Mill Tolerance
				2.68  Normal  Stress
				2.69  Partial Safety Factor
				2.70  Period of Structural Adequacy under Fire
				2.71  Permissible Stress
				2.72  Pitch
				2.73  Plastic Collapse
				2.74  Plastic Design
				2.75  Plastic Hinge
				2.76  Plastic Moment
				2.77  Plastic Section
				2.78  Poisson•s Ratio
				2.79  Proof Stress
				2.80  Proof Testing
				2.81  Prototype Testing
				2.82  Prying  Force
				2.83  Rotation
				2.84  Secondary Member
				2.85  Semi-Compact Section
				2.86  Serviceability Limit State
				2.87   Shear  Force
				2.88  Shear Lag
				2.89  Shear Stress
				2.90  Slender Section
				2.91  Slenderness Ratio
				2.92  Slip Resistance
				2.93 S-N Curve
				2.94  Snow Load
				2.95  Snug Tight
				2.96  Stability  Limit  State
				2.97  Stickability
				2.98  Stiffener
				2.99  Strain
				2.100  Strain Hardening
				2.101  Strength
				2.102  Strength Limit State
				2.103  Stress
				2.104  Stress Analysis
				2.105  Stress Cycle Counting
				2.106  Stress Range
				2.107  Stress Spectrum
				2.108  Structural Adequacy for Fire
				2.109  Structural Analysis
				2.110  Strut
				2.111  Sway
				2.112  Sway Member
				2.113  Tensile Stress
				2.114  Test Load
				2.115  Transverse
				2.116  Ultimate Limit State
				2.117  Ultimate Stress
				2.118  Wind Loads
				2.119  Yield Stress
			3  SYMBOLS
			4  UNITS
			5  STANDARD  DIMENSIONS,  FORM  ANDWEIGHT
			6  PLANS AND DRAWINGS
			7  CONVENTION FOR MEMBER AXES
			FIG. 1 -  AXES OF MEMBERS
		SECTION 6(b) MATERIALS
			8  GENERAL
				8.2 Structural Steel
				8.3  Rivets
				8.4  Bolts, Nuts and Washers
				8.5  Steel Casting
				8.6 Welding Consumable
				8.7  Other Materials
		SECTION 6(c) GENERAL DESIGNREQUIREMENTS
			9  GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
				9.1  Basis for Design
				9.2  Loads and Forces
				Table 1 - Tensile Properties of Structural Steel Products
				9.3  Erection Loads
				9.4  Temperature Effects
				9.5  Load Combinations
				9.6  Geometrical Properties
				9.7 Classification of Cross-Sections
				9.8  Maximum Effective Slenderness Ratio
				Table 2 - Limiting Width to Thickness Ratio
				FIG. 2 -  CLASSIFICATION OF SECTIONS
				9.9  Resistance to Horizontal Forces
				Table 3 - Maximum Values of EffectiveSlenderness Ratios
				9.10  Expansion Joints
				FIG. 3 - MAXIMUM LENGTH OF BUILDING WITH ONEBAY OF BRACING
		SECTION 6(d) METHODS OFSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
			10 METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
				10.1  Methods of Determining Action Effects
				FIG. 4 - MAXIMUM LENGTH OF COVERED BUILDING/SECTION WITH TWO BAYS OF BRACINGS
				10.2  Forms of Construction Assumed for StructuralAnalysis
				10.3  Assumptions in Analysis
				10.4  Elastic Analysis
				10.5  Plastic Analysis
				10.6  Frame Buckling Analysis
		SECTION 6(e) LIMIT STATE DESIGN
			11  LIMIT STATE DESIGN
				11.1  Basis for Design
				11.2  Limit State Design
				11.3  Actions
				Table 4 - Partial Safety Factors for Loads, gf, for Limit States
				11.4 Strength
				Table 5 -  Partial Safety Factor for Materials, gm
				11.5  Factors Governing the Ultimate Strength
				11.6  Limit State of Serviceability
				Table 6 - Deflection Limits
		SECTION 6(f) DESIGN OF TENSIONMEMBERS
			12  DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
				12.1  Tension Members
				12.2  Design Strength Due to Yielding of GrossSection
				12.3  Design Strength Due to Rupture of CriticalSection
				FIG. 5 PLATES WITH BOLTS HOLES IN TENSION
				FIG. 6 ANGLES WITH SINGLE LEG CONNECTIONS
				12.4  Design Strength Due to Block Shear
				FIG. 7 BLOCK SHEAR FAILURE
		SECTION 6(g) DESIGN OF COMPRESSIONMEMBERS
			13  DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS
				13.1  Design Strength
				Table 7 - Imperfection Factor, a
				13.2  Effective Length of Compression Members
				13.3  Design Details
				FIG. 8 - COLUMN BUCKLING CURVES
				Table 8 (a) - Stress Reduction Factor, c for Column Buckling Class a
				Table 8 (b) - Stress Reduction Factor, c for Column Buckling Class b
				Table 8 (c) - Stress Reduction Factor, c for Column Buckling Class c
				Table 8 (d) - Stress Reduction Factor, c for Column Buckling Class d
				Table 9 (a)  - Design Compressive Stress, fcd (MPa) For Column Buckling Class a
				Table 9 (b) - Design Compressive Stress, fcd (MPa) for Column Buckling Class b
				Table 9 (c) - Design Compressive Stress, fcd (MPa) for Column Buckling Class c
				Table 9 (d) - Design Compressive Stress, fcd (MPa) for Column Buckling Class d
				Table 10 - Buckling Class of Cross-Sections
				Table 11 - Effective Length of Prismatic Compression Members
				13.4  Column Bases
				13.5  Angle Struts
				FIG. 9 - EFFECTIVE AREA OF BASE PLATE
				Table 12 - Constants k1, k2, and k3
				13.6  Laced Columns
				FIG. 10 - TOP RESTRAINT CONDITIONS
				13.7  Battened Columns
				FIG. 11 - BATTEN COLUMN SECTION
				13.8 Compression Members Composed of TwoComponents Back-to-Back
		SECTION 6(h)  DESIGN OF MEMBERSSUBJECTED TO BENDING
			14 DESIGN OF MEMBERS SUBJECTED TOBENDING
				14.1  General
				14.2  Design Strength in Bending (Flexure)
				Table 13(a) - Design Bending Compressive Stress Corresponding to Lateral Buckling,fbd, aLT = 0.21)
				Table 13(b) - Design Bending Compressive Stress Corresponding to Lateral Buckling, fbd, aLT = 0.49)
				Table 14 - Critical Stress, fcr, b
				14.3 Effective Length for Lateral Torsional Buckling
				Table 15 - Effective Length for SimplySupported Beams, LLT
				14.4  Shear
				14.5 Stiffened Web Panels
				Table 16 - Effective Length, LLT for Cantilever of Length, L
				FIG. 12 - END PANEL DESIGNED NOT USING TENSIONFIELD ACTION
				FIG. 13 -  END PANEL DESIGNED USING TENSION FIELDACTION (SINGLE STIFFENER)
				FIG. 14 - END PANEL DESIGNED USING TENSION FIELDACTION (DOUBLE STIFFENER)
				14.6  Design of Beams and Plate Girders with SolidWebs
				14.7  Stiffener Design
				FIG. 15
				14.8  Box Girders
				14.9  Purlins and Sheeting Rails (Girts)
				14.10  Bending in a Non-principal Plane
		SECTION 6(j) MEMBER SUBJECTED TOCOMBINED FORCES
			15  MEMBER  SUBJECTED TO COMBINEDFORCES
				15.1  General
				15.2  Combined Shear and Bending
				15.3  Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment
				Table 17  - Constants a1 and 2
		SECTION 6(k) CONNECTIONS
			16  CONNECTIONS
				Table 18 - Equivalent Uniform Moment Factor
				16.2  Location Details of Fasteners
				Table 19 - Clearances for Fastener Holes
				16.3  Bearing Type Bolts
				16.4  Friction Grip Type Bolting
				Table 20 - Typical Average Values forCoefficient of Friction (µf)
				FIG. 16 - COMBINED PRYING FORCE AND TENSION
				16.5  Welds and Welding
				Table 21 - Minimum Size of First Run or of aSingle Run Fillet Weld
				Table 22 - Values of K for Different AnglesBetween Fusion Faces
				FIG. 17 - FILLET WELDS ON SQUARE EDGE OF PLATE OR ROUND TOE OF ROLLED SECTION
				FIG. 18 -  FULL SIZE FILLET WELD APPLIED TO THE EDGE OF A PLATE OR SECTION
				FIG. 19 -  END FILLET WELD NORMAL TODIRECTION OR FORCE
				16.6  Design of Connections
				16.7  Minimum Design Action on Connection
				16.8 Intersections
				16.9  Choice of Fasteners
				16.10 Connection Components
				16.11  Analysis of a Bolt/Weld Group
				16.12  Lug Angles
		SECTION 6(m) WORKING STRESS DESIGN
			17 WORKING STRESS DESIGN
				17.1 General
				17.2  Tension Members
				17.3  Compression Members
				17.4  Members Subjected to Bending
				17.5  Combined Stresses
				17.6  Connections
		SECTION 6(n) DESIGN AND DETAILING FOREARTHQUAKE LOADS
			18 DESIGN  AND  DETAILING  FOREARTHQUAKE LOADS
				18.1  General
				18.2  Load and Load Combinations
				18.3  Response Reduction Factor
				Table 23 - Response Reduction Factor, R, forBuilding System
				18.4  Connections, Joints and Fasteners
				18.5  Columns
				18.6  Storey Drift
				FIG. 20 PARTIAL PENETRATION GROOVE WELD IN COLUMN SPLICE
				18.7  Ordinary Concentrically Braced  Frames(OCBF)
				18.8  Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF)
				18.9 Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF)
				18.10  Ordinary Moment Resisting Frames (OMRF)
				18.11  Special Moment Resisting Frames (SMRF)
				FIG. 21 - CONTINUITY PLATES
				18.12  Non-Ductile Braced and Moment ResistingFrames
				18.13  Column Base Connections
		SECTION 6(p) FATIGUE
			19  FATIGUE
				19.1  General
				19.2  Design
				Table 24(a) - Multiplying Factors for CalculatedStress Range (Circular Hollow Sections)
				Table 25 - Partial Safety Factors forFatigue Strength (gmft)
				19.3  Detail Category
				19.4  Fatigue Strength
				19.5  Fatigue Assessment
				Table 26(a) - Detail Category Classification, Group 1 Non-Welded Details (ffn)
				Table 26(b) - Detail Category Classification, Group 2 Welded Details • Not in Hollow Sections (ffn)
				Table 26(c) - Detail Category Classification, Group 3 Bolts
				FIG. 22 S-N - CURVE FOR NORMAL STRESS
				Table 26(d) - Detail Category Classification, Group 4 Welded Details • In Hollow Sections (ffn)
				FIG. 23 S-N - CURVE FOR SHEAR STRESS
		SECTION 6(q) DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING
			20  DESIGN ASSISTED BY TESTING
				20.1  Need for Testing
				20.2  Types of Test
				20.3  Test Conditions
				20.4  Test Loading
				20.5  Criteria for Acceptance
				Table 27 Factors to Allow for Variability ofStructural Units
		SECTION 6(r) DURABILITY
			21  DURABILITY
				21.1 General
				21.2  Requirements for Durability
				Table 28 - Environmental Exposure Conditions
				Table 29(a) - Protection Guide for Steel WorkApplication • Desired Life of Coating System inDifferent Environments
		SECTION 6(s) FIRE RESISTANCE
			22  FIRE RESISTANCE
			22.1 Requirements
			Table 29(b) (i) - Protection Guide for Steel Work Application • Specification for Different CoatingSystem (Shop Applied Treatments)
			Table 29(b) (ii) -  Protection Guide for Steel Work Application • Specification for DifferentCoating System (Site Applied Treatments)
			22.2  Fire Resistance Level
			22.3  Period of Structural Adequacy (PSA)
			22.4  Variation of Mechanical Properties of Steelwith Temperature
			FIG. 24 - VARIATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OFSTEEL WITH TEMPERATURE
			22.5  Limiting Steel Temperature
			22.6  Temperature Increase with Time in ProtectedMembers
			Table 30 - Regression Coefficients, k
			22.7  Temperature  Increase  with  Time  inUnprotected Members
			22.8 Determination of PSA from a Single Test
			22.9  Three-Sided Fire Exposure Condition
			FIG. 25 -  THREE SIDED FIRE EXPOSURE CONDITIONREQUIREMENTS
			22.10  Special Considerations
			22.11  Fire Resistance Rating
			FIG. 26 -  WEB PENETRATION
			Table 31 - Encased Steel Columns, 203 mm × 203 mm (Protection Applied on Four Sides)
		SECTION 6(t) FABRICATION AND ERECTION
			23  FABRICATION AND ERECTION
				23.1 General
				23.2  Fabrication Procedures
				Table 32 - Encased Steel Beams, 406 mm × 176 mm (Protection Applied on Three Sides)
				23.3 Assembly
				23.4  Riveting
				23.5 Boltin
				23.6  Welding
				23.7  Machining of Butts, Caps and Bases
				23.8  Painting
				23.9  Marking
				23.10  Shop Erection
				23.11  Packing
				23.12  Inspection and Testing
				23.13  Site Erection
				Table 33 - Normal Tolerances after Erection
				Table 34 - Straightness Tolerances incorporatedin Design Rules
				23.14  Painting after Erection
				23.15  Bedding Requirement
				23.16  Steelwork Tenders and Contracts
		ANNEX A - ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS
			A-1  ADVANCED  STRUCTURAL ANALYSISAND DESIGN
				A-1.1  Analysis
				A-1.2  Design
			A-2  SECOND ORDER ELASTIC ANALYSIS ANDDESIGN
				A-2.1  Analysis
				A-2.2  Design Bending Moment
			A-3  FRAME INSTABILITY ANALYSIS
				A-3.1  Analysis
				A-3.2  Deflection Method
				A-3.3  Partial Sway Bracing
		ANNEX B - DESIGN AGAINST FLOOR VIBRATION
			B-1  GENERAL
			B-2  ANNOYANCE CRITERIA
			B-3  FLOOR FREQUENCY
			B-4  DAMPING
			B-5  ACCELERATION
		ANNEX C - DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COLUMNS
			C-1 METHOD  FOR  DETERMININGEFFECTIVE  LENGTH  OF  COLUMNS  INFRAMES
			FIG. 27 - COLUMN EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR -NON-SWAY FRAME
			FIG. 28 - COLUMN EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR •SWAY FRAME
			Table 35 - Correction Factors for EffectiveFlexural Stiffness
			C-2 METHOD  FOR  DETERMININGEFFECTIVE  LENGTH  FOR  STEPPEDCOLUMNS (see 13.2.2)
				C-2.1  Single Stepped Columns
			C-3  EFFECTIVE  LENGTH  FOR  DOUBLESTEPPED COLUMNS
			FIG. 29 - EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF DOUBLE STEPPED COLUMNS
			Table 36 - Effective Length of Singled Stepped Columns
			Table 37 - Coefficients of Effective Lengths K12 and K11 for Columns with Both Ends Effectively Held inPosition and Restrained Against Rotation
			Table 38 - Coefficients of Effective Lengths K12 and K11 for Columns with Both Ends Effectively Held inPosition and Restrained Against Rotation at Bottom End Only
			Table 39 - Coefficients of Effective Lengths K1 for Columns Effectively Held in Position and RestrainedAgainst Rotation at Bottom End and Top End Held Against Rotation but not Held in Position
			Table 40 - Coefficients of Effective Lengths K1 for Columns with Top Ends Free andBottom End Effectively Held in Position and Restrained Against Rotation
			Table 41 - Values of K1, K2 and K3
		ANNEX D - ELASTIC LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING
			D-1  ELASTIC CRITICAL MOMENT
			D-1.1  General
			D-1.2  Elastic  Critical Moment  of  a  SectionSymmetrical About Minor Axis
			Table 42 - Constants c1, c2, and c3
		ANNEX E - CONNECTIONS
			E-1  GENERAL
			E-2  BEAM SPLICES
			FIG. 30 - BEAM SPLICES
			E-3  COLUMN SPLICE
			FIG. 31 - COLUMN SPLICE (TYPICAL)
			E-4  BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS
				E-4.1  Simple Connections
				E-4.2  Rigid Connections
			FIG. 32 - SIZE PARAMETER FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF CONNECTION
			E-4.3  Semi-Rigid Connections
			Table 43 - Connection Classification Limits
			FIG. 33 - CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIONS ACCORDING TO BJORHOVDE
			Table 44 - Connection Constants in Frye-Morris Model
			Table 45 - Secant Stiffness
			E-5  COLUMN BASES
				E-5.1  Base Plates
				E-5.2  Holding Down Bolts (Anchor Bolts)
		ANNEX F - GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STEELWORK TENDERS AND CONTRACTS
			F-1  GENERAL
			F-2  EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
			F-3   INFORMATION  REQUIRED  BY  THESTEELWORK DESIGNER
				F-3.1  General
				F-3.2  Further Information Relating to Buildings
			F-4 INFORMATION  REQUIRED  BYTENDERER (IF NOT ALSO DESIGNER)
				F-4.1  General
				F-4.2  Additional Information Relating to Buildings
			F-4.3  Information Relating to Execution of BuildingWork
			F-5  DETAILING
			F-6  TIME SCHEDULE
			F-7  PROCEDURE ON SITE
			F-8  INSPECTION
				F-8.1  Access to Contractor•s Works
				F-8.2  Inspection of Fabrication
				F-8.3  Inspection on Site
			F-9  MAINTENANCE
				F-9.1  General
				F-9.2  Connections
		ANNEX  G
			Table 44 - Plastic Properties of Beams {see also accepted standard [6-6(35)]}
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 7 Prefabrication, Systems Building andMixed/Composite Construction:7A Prefabricated Concrete
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		1 SCOPE
		2 TERMINOLOGY
			2.1 Authority Having Jurisdiction
			2.2 Basic Module
			2.3 Cellular Concrete
			2.4 Components
			2.5 Composite Members
			2.6 Diaphragm
			2.7 Increments
			2.8  Light-Weight  Concrete
			2.9 Module
			2.10  Modular  Coordination
			2.11 Modular Grid
			2.12 Multimodule
			2.13 Prefabricate
			2.14 Prefabricated Building
			2.15 Sandwich Concrete Panels
			2.16 Self Compacting Concrete
			2.17 Shear Connectors
			2.18 System
			2.19 Unit
			2.20 Emulative Detailing System
			2.21  Jointed Detailing  System
		3 MATERIALS, PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
			3.1 Materials
			3.2 Plans and Specifications
		4 MODULAR COORDINATION, ARCHITECT-URAL TREATMENT AND FINISHES
			4.1 Modular Coordination
			4.2 Architectural Treatment and Finishes
		5 COMPONENTS
			5.2 Casting Tolerances of Precast Components
		6  PREFABRICATION  SYSTEMS  ANDSTRUCTURAL SCHEMES
			6.3 Prefabrication Systems
		7  DESIGN  CONSIDERATIONS  ANDREQUIREMENTS
			7.1 Design Considerations
			7.2 Design Requirements  for  Safety AgainstProgressive Collapse
			FIG. 1 STRUCTURAL MODELS USED TO ANALYSE FLOOR DIAPHRAGMS
			FIG. 2 DESIGN FORCES ON A DIAPHRAGM
			FIG. 3 HORIZONTAL LOADS
			FIG. 4 POSITION FOR PERIPHERAL TIE
			FIG. 5 ANCHORING OF TIES IN SLABS
			FIG. 6 CONTINUITY REQUIREMENT FOR SLAB
			7.3 Bearing for Precast Units
		8 JOINTS
			8.4 Precast Joint details
			FIG. 7 LAPPED SPLICES IN LARGE CONDUIT
			FIG. 8 MECHANICAL CONNECTION IN CONDUIT
			FIG. 9 DIFFERENT TYPES OF MECHANICAL SPLICES FOR CONNECTION OF VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS OF PRECAST WALLS AND FLOORS
			FIG. 10 SOME MECHANICAL SPLICES USING HIGH-STRENGTH NON-SHRINK GROUT
			FIG. 11 VARIATIONS OF SPLICES AND CAST-IN-PLACE CLOSURE PLACEMENTS TOCREATE VERTICAL JOINTS BETWEEN PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
		9 TESTS FOR COMPONENTS/STRUCTURES
			9.1 Sampling Procedure
			FIG. 12 - FLOOR SLAB-TO-WALL DETAIL WHERE DIAGONAL DOWELS CROSSTHE WALL JOINT INTO THE OPPOSITE FLOOR
			FIG. 13 -  END DETAIL OF A MONOLITHIC CONNECTION BETWEEN PRECAST CONCRETEFLOOR ELEMENT AND A PRECAST CONCRETE WALL
			Table 1 - Sample Size and Rejection Number
			FIG. 14 (A) - PLAN VIEW OF TYPICAL GROUTED OR CAST-IN-PLACE VERTICAL JOINTS IN SHEAR-WALL PANELSREINFORCED FOR HIGH SEISMIC LOADING (REFER TO ADJACENT PLAN VIEW FOR DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS); AND(B) VARIATIONS OF VERTICAL WALL-TO-WALL CONNECTIONS (PLAN VIEW)
			FIG. 15 - HORIZONTAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN BEAM OR GIRDER ENDS AT LOCATIONS OTHER THAN COLUMN FACES
			FIG. 16 - VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS OF PRECAST FRAME ELEMENTS
			FIG. 17 - CONNECTION AT BEAMS AND COLUMNS WITHCAST-IN PLACE CLOSURE
			FIG. 18 - COLUMN-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION THROUGHCONDUITS INSTALLED IN A BEAM
			FIG. 19 - TYPICAL END CONNECTIONS OF PRECAST CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB ELEMENTS
			FIG. 20 - WALL-FOUNDATION BEAM CONNECTION THROUGH GROUTED DUCTING
			FIG. 21  - INTERIOR WALL-FLOOR SLAB CONNECTION DETAIL: CONTINUOUS WALL
			FIG. 22 - EXTERIOR WALL-FLOOR SLAB CONNECTION DETAIL: PARTITIONED WALL WITH HORIZONTAL JOINT
			9.2 Testing on Individual Components
			9.3 Load Testing of Structure or Part of Structure
			FIG. 23 - MONOLITHIC PRECAST CONCRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION
			FIG. 24 - MONOLITHIC PRECAST CONCRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION VERTICAL JOINTS
			9.4 Testing of External Precast Wall/Facade Panelsfor Water Tightness
		10 MANUFACTURE, STORAGE, TRANSPORTAND ERECTION OF PRECAST ELEMENTS
			10.1 Manufacture of Precast Concrete Elements
			10.2 Preparation and Storage of Materials
			FIG. 25 - PLANT PROCESS
			Table 2 - Stages of Precasting of Concrete Products
			10.3 Moulds
			Table 3 Precasting Methods
			10.4 Accelerated Hardening
			10.5 Curing
			10.6 Stacking During Transport and Storage
			10.7 Handling Arrangements
			10.8 Identification and Marking
			10.9 Transport
			10.10 Erection
			10.11 Design Considerations
		11 EQUIPMENT
			11.1 General
			11.2 Mechanization  of  the Construction  andErection Processes
		12 PREFABRICATED STRUCTURAL UNITS
		ANNEX A - COMMON DEFECTS AND REMEDIES
			Table 4  - List of Common Defects and Recommended Measures
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 7 Prefabrication, Systems Building andMixed/Composite Construction:7B Systems Building and Mixed/Composite Construction
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		1 SCOPE
		2 TERMINOLOGY
			2.1 Authority Having Jurisdiction
			2.2 Basic Module
			2.3 Cellular Concrete
			2.4 Component
			2.5 Composite/Mixed Construction
			2.6  Increments
			2.7 Module
			2.8  Modular  Coordination
			2.9 Modular Grid
			2.10 Multimodule
			2.11 Prefabricate
			2.12 Prefabricated Building
			2.13 Sandwich Panels
			2.14 Self-Compacting Concrete
			2.15 Shear Connectors
			2.16  System
			2.17 Unit
		3 MATERIALS, PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
			3.1 Materials
			3.2 Plans and Specifications
		4 MODULAR COORDINATION,ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT ANDFINISHES
			4.1 Modular Coordination
			4.2 Architectural Treatment and Finishes
		5 COMPONENTS
		6 FORMWORK SYSTEMS
			6.1 Tunnel Form
			6.2 Slipform
			6.3 Aluminium Formwork
			6.4 Large Panel Shuttering System
			6.5 Other/New Systems
		7 SYSTEM AND STRUCTURAL SCHEMES
			7.3 Systems for Mixed/Composite Construction
		8 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
		9 JOINTS
		10 TESTS FOR COMPONENTS/ STRUCTURES
		11 ERECTION
			11.1 Manufacture, Storage, Transport and Erection
				11.2 Decking
				11.3 Concreting on Decking
		12 EQUIPMENT
		13 PREFABRICATED STRUCTURAL UNITS
		ANNEX A - CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE FOR DECKING
			A-1 RECEIVING, STORING AND LIFTING THEDECKING
				A-1.1 Receiving Decking
				A-1.2 Storing of Decking
			A-2 DECK INSTALLATION
				A-2.1 Placement of Decking
				A-2.2 Fixing of Decking
		ANNEX B - CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE FOR CONCRETING ON DECKING
			B-1 PLACING CONCRETE
				B-1.1 Preparation
				B-1.2 Cleaning the Decking
				B-1.3 Construction Joints
				B-1.4 Reinforcement
				B-1.5 Grout Loss
			B-2 PLACEMENT
				B-2.2 Concrete Pumping
				B-2.3 Skip and Barrow
			B-3 FINISHING, CURING AND DRYING
		LIST OF STANDARDS
	Section 8 Glass and Glazing
		CONTENTS
		FOREWORD
		1  SCOPE
		2  TERMINOLOGY
			2.1  Annealed Glass (see Glass)
			2.2  Annealed Fire Resistant Glass
			2.3  As-Cut Finished Sizes
			2.4  Aspect Ratio
			2.5  Balustrade
			2.6  Beads or Glazing Beads
			2.7  Bite
			2.8  Block (Setting Block)
			2.9  Chair Rail
			2.10  Clear Glas
			2.11  Coefficient  of Linear Expansion
			2.12  Combustible Material
			2.13  Corridor
			2.14  Coupled Glazing (also known as SecondaryGlazing)
			2.15  Curtain Wall
			2.16 Distance Piece
			2.17  Door or Shutter Assembly Door-Set
			2.18  Double Glazed Fire Resistant Glass
			2.19  Double Glazing
			2.20  Edge Deterioration
			2.21  Edge Faults
			2.22  Edge Polished
			2.23  Edging
			2.24  Exposed Edge
			2.25  Facade
			2.26  Faceted Glazing
			2.27  Fenestration
			2.28  Fin
			2.29  Fire Separation
			2.30  Float Glass
			2.31  Flush  Over  Panel
			2.32  Frame
			2.33  Frameless Glazing
			2.34  Front  Putty
			2.35  Fully Framed Glazing
			2.36  Gap
			2.37  Glass
			2.38  Glass Appearance Faults
			2.39  Glazing
			2.40  Guard Rail
			2.41  Hairline Scratch
			2.42  Halo
			2.43  Heat  Soaking
			2.44 Heat Strengthened Glass
			2.45  Hermetic Seal
			2.46  High Activity Area
			2.47 High Risk Area
			2.48  Infill Balustrades
			2.49  Insulating Glass Unit (IGU)
			2.50  Interlayer
			2.51  Internal Partition
			2.52  Laminated Safety Glass
			2.53  Light Transmission
			2.54  Light Transmittance
			2.55  Linear Defects
			2.56  Manifestation
			2.57 Maximum Thickness
			2.58  Minimum Thickness
			2.59  Modulus of Elasticity (Young•s Modulus)
			2.60  Monolithic Glass
			2.61  Mullion
			2.62  Nominal Thickness
			2.63 Non-Combustible Material
			2.64  Organic Coated Glass
			2.65  Pane
			2.66  Panel
			2.67  Partition
			2.68  Partly Framed or Unframed Glazing
			2.69  Passive Solar Gain
			2.70  Patterned Glass
			2.71  Protective Coating(s) Faults
			2.72  Rebate
			2.73  Reflective Coated Glass
			2.74  Reflective Silver Coating Faults
			2.75  Residual Protection
			2.76  Shading Coefficient
			2.77  Sheet Glass
			2.78  Skylight
			2.79  Sloped Overhead Glazing
			2.80  Solar Energy Absorption
			2.81  Solar Energy Transmittance (Direct)
			2.82  Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
			2.83  Spandrel
			2.84  Spot Faults
			2.85  Stain
			2.86  Stock/Standard Sizes
			2.87  Tempered or Toughened Glass
			2.88  Tempered Fire Resistant Glass
			2.89  Thermal  Transmittance  (U)
			2.90  Through Component/Connection
			2.91  Tinted Glass
			2.92  Toughened Safety (Tempered) Glass
			2.93  Transom
			2.94 Unframed Glazing
			2.95  UV Transmittance
			2.96  Vertical Fenestration
			2.97 Wired Glass
		3  APPLICATION
		4 GENERAL  METHODOLOGY  FORSELECTION
			4.1  Selection
			FIG. 1 - TYPICAL SEQUENCE OF DESIGN EVALUATION FORGLAZED AREAS
			4.2  Types of Glass
			Table 1 - Typical Properties of VariousTypes of Glass
			Table 2 - Minimum Light Transmittance Value (Designating a Transparent Glass as Clear Glass)
			4.3  Application
			4.4  Associated Glazing Materials
			4.5  General Requirements
			Table 3 -  Typical Properties of Preformed Tapes
			FIG. 2  - SIZES AND REBATES
			4.6  Frame Requirements
			Table 4 - Minimum Dimensions for Glazing Material
			4.7  Glass Dimensions
			Table 5 - Thickness and Tolerances forLaminated Glass
			FIG. 3 - REPRESENTATION OF LENGTH, WIDTH ANDDIRECTION OF DRAW
			FIG. 4 - DETERMINATION OF LENGTH, WIDTH ANDSQUARENESS FOR STOCK/STANDARD SIZES
			FIG. 5 - TOLERANCE (t) FOR WIDTH (B) ANDLENGTH (H)
			Table 6 - Tolerance on Width (B) and Length (H)
		5 ENERGY AND LIGHT
			5.1  Energy and Thermal Properties of Glass
			5.1.2  Energy
			Table 7 - Thermal Transmittance (U-Value) ofGlass Products: Single Glazing
			Table 8 - Thermal Transmittance (U-Value) ofGlass Products: Insulating Glass Units
			Table 9 - Thermal Transmittance (U-Value) ofGlass Products: Coupled Glazing
			Table 10 - Normalized Relative SpectralDistribution DlV(l)Dl
			5.2  Light Reflectance
			5.3  Total Solar Energy Transmittance (Solar HeatGain Coefficient)
			FIG. 6 - SOLAR HEAT GAIN COEFFICIENT
			FIG. 7 - COMPONENTS OF INCIDENT SOLARRADIANT FLUX
			Table 11 - Normalized Relative SpectralDistribution of Global Solar Radiation
			FIG. 8 - ILLUSTRATION OF THE MEANING OFTHERMAL CONDUCTANCE, L
			FIG. 9 - ILLUSTRATION OF THE MEANING OF THE THERMALCONDUCTANCES L12,L23•L(n•1)n
			5.4  Total Solar Energy Transmission
			5.5 UV-Transmittance
			5.6 U-Value
			Table 12 - Normalized Relative SpectralDistribution of Global Solar Radiation
			Table 13 - Thermal Performance of DifferentGlass Shading Devices
		6 FIRE AND LOADING
			6.1 Determination of Appropriate Glass Thickness
			Table 14 - Value of k for the CorrespondingStandard Nominal Thickness of Float Glass
			Table 15 - Strength Factor, Pf
			Table 16 - Thickness and CorrespondingARmax Values
			Table 17 - Response Sensitivity ofArchitectural Component
			Table 18 - Modification Factors
			6.2  Installation
			Table 19 - Maximum Areas for Annealed Glass Fixed on All Four Sides, m2
			Table 20 - Maximum Areas for Laminated GlassFixed on All Four Sides, m2
			Table 21 - Maximum Areas for Tempered Glass Fixed on All Four Sides, m2
			Table 22 - Maximum Areas for Insulating GlassFixed on All Four Sides, m2
			Table 23 - Maximum Area for Heat Strengthened Glass Fixed on Four Sides, m2
			Table 24 - Maximum Span for Annealed Glass Fixed on Two Opposite Sides, m
			Table 25 - Maximum Span for Laminated GlassFixed on Two Opposite Sides, m
			Table 26 - Maximum Span for Tempered Glass Fixed on Two Opposite Sides, m
			Table 27 - Maximum Span for Heat Strengthened Glass Fixed on Two Opposite Sides, m
			FIG. 10 - POSITION OF SETTING BLOCK
			FIG. 11 - POSITION OF LOCATION BLOCK
			FIG. 12 - RECOMMENDED POSITIONS OF SETTING AND LOCATION BLOCKS FOR THE SITEGLAZING OF SOME TYPES OF DOORS AND WINDOWS
			FIG. 13 - POSITION OF DISTANCE PIECES
			Table 28 - Ultimate Limit State Design Stresses forGlass Subjected to Wind Loading
			FIG. 14 - TYPICAL STRUCTURAL GLAZING DETAIL
			Table 29  - Limiting Size of Wired Glass Panel
		7 SAFETY RELATED TO HUMAN IMPACT
			7.1  General
			7.2 Safety Glass
			7.3  Critical Location
			FIG. 15 - CRITICAL LOCATIONS
			Table 30 - Type of Glass Suggested for Use at Different Critical Locations/Cases in Buildings
			7.4 Manifestation (Making Glass Visible)
			7.5  Identification
			7.6  Test Requirements
			Table 31-  Test Requirement
			Table 32 - Minimum Mechanical StrengthRequired for Fully Toughened Glass
		8 GLAZING SYSTEM
			8.2  Design and Selection
			8.3 Fabrication
			8.4  Installation
			8.5  Testing
			8.6  Maintenance and Durability
		ANNEX A - MINIMUM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT OF GLAZING FOR EXTERIORS
			A-2  BUILDING FENESTRATIONS
			Table 34  - U-Value Requirement forGlazing System
			A-3  WEATHER PERFORMANCE
		ANNEX B - TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR COATED GLASS
			B-2  MEASUREMENTS OF PERFORMANCE
			B-3  CONDENSATION RESISTANCE TEST
				B-3.3 Procedure
				B-3.4  Requirements
			B-4  ACID RESISTANCE TEST
				B-4.2  Procedure
				FIG. 16 - 24-HOUR CYCLE OF HEATING
				B-4.3  Requirement
			B-5  NEUTRAL SALT SPRAY
				B-5.2  Procedure
				B-5.3  Requirements
			B-6  ABRASION RESISTANCE TEST
				B-6.2  Procedure
				B-6.2  Procedure
				B-6.3  Requirements
			B-7  DURATION OF TESTS
		ANNEX C - PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THE APPROXIMATE DEFLECTION
AT CENTRE OF GLASS PANEL
		ANNEX D - MODEL CALCULATION OF GLASS THICKNESS
			D-1 MODEL CALCULATION
		ANNEX E - SHOT BAG IMPACT TEST
			FIG. 18 GLAZING RETENTION
			E-1 OBJECTIVE
			E-1.1 Glazing Retention
			E-2  APPARATUS
			E-2.1 Instrumentation
			E-2.2 Load Attachments
			E-2.3 Shot Bag, Traction and Release System
			FIG. 17 - SHOT BAG IMPACTOR
			E-3  SHOT BAG IMPACT TEST
			E-3.1 Procedure
			E-3.2  Reporting of Results
		ANNEX F- PERFORMANCE TESTS FOR GLAZING SYSTEM
			F-2 AIR INFILTRATION/EXFILTRATION TEST
			F-3 STATIC  AND  DYNAMIC  WATERPENETRATION TEST
			F-4 STRUCTURAL LOAD TEST (100 PERCENTDESIGN WIND LOAD)
			F-5  SEISMIC RACKING TEST
			F-6 BUILDING MAINTENANCE UNIT (BMU)PULL OUT TEST (WHEN APPLICABLE)
			F-7 OPERATING FORCES TEST (OPTIONAL)
			F-8  STRUCTURAL  PROOF  LOAD  TEST(150 PERCENT DESIGN WIND  LOAD ANDSEISMIC FORCE, IF APPLICABLE)
		ANNEX G - INSTALLATION OF MIRRORS
			FIG. 19 - INSTALLATION OF MIRRORS
			FIG. 20 - DETAILS OF USE OF SCREWS AND INTERLEAVINGWASHERS FOR INSTALLING MIRRORS
			FIG. 21 - DETAILS OF USE OF DOUBLE SIDED ADHESIVETAPES FOR INSTALLING MIRRORS
		ANNEX H - GLASS RAILINGS
			H-1  GENERAL
			H-2 PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
			H-3  GLASS RAILING TYPES
			Table 35 - Minimum Barrier Heights
			H-4  DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
				H-4.1 General
				H-4.2  Loadings
			FIG. 22 - DATUM, BARRIER HEIGHT AND DESIGN HEIGHT
			FIG. 23 - HEIGHT LIMIT FOR THE UNIFORM LOADING FOR VARIOUS CATEGORY OF BUILDINGS
			Table 36 Minimum Horizontal Imposed Loads for Parapets, Barriers and Balustrades
			H-4.3 Wind Loads
			H-4.4  Deflection
			H-4.5  Fixings, Attachments and Anchorage
			H-4.6 Testing
			H-5  GLASS
			H-5.1  Types of Glass
			H-5.2  Working of Glass
			H-5.3  Fixing of Glass
			H-5.4  Design of Glass
			H-6 IMPACT  RESISTANCE  ANDCONTAINMENT
				H-6.1  General
				H-6.2  Glass in Full Height Railings
				H-6.3  Railing with Glass In-Fills or Free-StandingBalustrades
			H-7  INSTALLATION
			H-7.1  Fasteners and Fittings
			H-8  MAINTENANCE
			LIST OF STANDARDS
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