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ویرایش: [1 ed.] نویسندگان: David J. Shayler, Colin Burgess سری: Springer Praxis Books ISBN (شابک) : 3030457419, 9783030457419 ناشر: Springer سال نشر: 2020 تعداد صفحات: 622 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 21 Mb
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب NASA's First Space Shuttle Astronaut Selection: Redefining the Right Stuff به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب اولین انتخاب فضانورد شاتل فضایی ناسا: بازتعریف چیزهای درست نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
به طور غیر رسمی آنها خود را TFNG یا سی و پنج نفر جدید نامیدند. به طور رسمی، آنها فضانوردان گروه 8 ناسا بودند که در ژانویه 1978 برای آموزش ماموریت های مداری در شاتل فضایی انتخاب شدند. قبل از این زمان فقط خلبانان یا دانشمندانی که به عنوان خلبان آموزش دیده بودند برای پرواز با فضاپیمای آمریکایی تعیین شده بودند، اما با ظهور فضاپیمای بالدار نوآورانه، سرانجام درب به روی غیر خلبانان از جمله زنان و اقلیت ها باز شد. در مجموع، 15 نفر از افراد انتخاب شده به عنوان فضانوردان خلبان دسته بندی شدند، در حالی که 20 نفر دیگر تحت عنوان جدید ماموریت متخصص آموزش خواهند دید. در مجموع، فضانوردان گروه 8 در مجموع در 103 ماموریت فضایی پرتاب خواهند شد. برخی از آنها فقط یک بار پرواز کردند، در حالی که برخی دیگر به اندازه پنج بار در مدار پرواز کردند. متأسفانه، چهار نفر از آنها در فاجعه چلنجر در ژانویه 1986 از بین رفتند.
در آخرین تلاش مشترک خود، نویسندگان داستان شگفت انگیز انتخاب اولین گروه از فضانوردان شاتل فضایی را زنده می کنند. سوابق متنوع و بسیاری از دستاوردهای آنها به روشی تازه و قابل دسترس از طریق تحقیقات عمیق و مصاحبه های آشکار. ناوگان شاتل در طول تاریخ قابل توجه 30 ساله خود به عنوان اسب کار اکتشافات فضاپیمای انسانی ناسا، که دو بار در اثر تراژدی متوقف شد، با شکوه عمل کرد. همینطور این 35 مرد و زن، که در رانش پویا و توسعه مداوم برنامه شاتل فضایی آمریکا غرق شدهاند.
\"این کتاب درباره فضانوردان گروه 8، TFNGها، یک کتاب عالی است. مجموع افرادی که برای اولین بار برای برنامه جدید شاتل فضایی انتخاب شده اند. این بینشی را در مورد آنچه برای اولین بار پرواز شاتل فضایی لازم است ارائه می دهد. برای هر علاقه مندان فضایی خواندن آن ضروری است.\"
- Robert L. Crippen PLT در STS-1
Unofficially they called themselves the TFNG, or the Thirty-Five New Guys. Officially, they were NASA’s Group 8 astronauts, selected in January 1978 to train for orbital missions aboard the Space Shuttle. Prior to this time only pilots or scientists trained as pilots had been assigned to fly on America’s spacecraft, but with the advent of the innovative winged spacecraft the door was finally opened to non-pilots, including women and minorities. In all, 15 of those selected were categorised as Pilot Astronauts, while the other 20 would train under the new designation of Mission Specialist. Altogether, the Group 8 astronauts would be launched on a total of 103 space missions; some flying only once, while others flew into orbit as many as five times. Sadly, four of their number would perish in the Challenger tragedy in January 1986.
In their latest collaborative effort, the authors bring to life the amazing story behind the selection of the first group of Space Shuttle astronauts, examining their varied backgrounds and many accomplishments in a fresh and accessible way through deep research and revealing interviews. Throughout its remarkable 30-year history as the workhorse of NASA’s human spaceflight exploration, twice halted through tragedy, the Shuttle fleet performed with magnificence. So too did these 35 men and women, swept up in the dynamic thrust and ongoing development of America’s Space Shuttle program.
"This book on the Group 8 Astronauts, the TFNGs, is an excellent summation of the individuals first selected for the new Space Shuttle Program. It provides insight into what it took to first get the Space Shuttle flying. For any space enthusiast it is a must read."
- Robert L.
Crippen PLT on STS-1
Contents Authors’ Preface Colin Burgess David J. Shayler Acknowledgements Foreword Abbreviations and Acronyms Prologue 1: Expanding on ‘The Right Stuff’ PIONEERING THE SELECTION OF SHUTTLE ASTRONAUTS The call goes out MEETING THE ASTRONAUT CRITERIA Pathway to a whole new career A question of astronaut pay PREPARING TO TEST THE APPLICANTS Testing the candidates and a delay AN APPLICANT REFLECTS OTHER CANDIDATE VOICES Candidates as ‘Guinea Pigs’ THE THIRTY-FIVE NEW GUYS (TFNG) The Stats A new era dawns in the Astronaut Office References 2: Who should fly? The Evolution of a Shuttle Crew NASA’s Astronauts of the First Generation Early developments Schedule Analytics Chart circa early 1970s An early status report Getting rid of irrelevant pilot training? Early ideas for crewing Defining the roles Creating the criteria A status report update The view from JSC Scientist-Astronaut’s role The future crewing plan The original selection plan Reality hits home But how many? Following a paper trail Pioneering Space Shuttle Astronaut Assignments (1969−1980s) To remain or to depart? Senior astronauts who also flew the Shuttle Passing the baton References 3: The new Pilot astronauts Daniel C. Brandenstein Michael L. Coats Richard O. Covey John O. Creighton Robert L. Gibson Frederick D. Gregory S. David Griggs Frederick H. Hauck Jon A. McBride Steven R. Nagel Francis R. Scobee Brewster H. Shaw Loren J. Shriver David M. Walker Donald E. Williams Some Notable But Unsuccessful Pilot Applicants Capt. Jane Leslie Holley, USAF Capt. Claude Milburn Bolton Jr., USAF Capt. Richard S. (Rick) Couch, USAF LCdr William V. (Bill) Cross II, USN References 4: The first Mission Specialists GUION S. BLUFORD, JR. JAMES F. BUCHLI JOHN M. FABIAN ANNA L. FISHER DALE A. GARDNER TERRY J. HART STEVEN A. HAWLEY JEFFREY A. HOFFMAN SHANNON M. W. LUCID RONALD E. McNAIR RICHARD M. MULLANE GEORGE D. NELSON ELLISON S. ONIZUKA JUDITH A. RESNIK SALLY K. RIDE M. RHEA SEDDON ROBERT L. STEWART KATHRYN D. SULLIVAN NORMAN E. THAGARD JAMES D. A. VAN HOFTEN SOME WHO NARROWLY MISSED SELECTION Millie Elizabeth Hughes-Wiley, BSc, PhD Byron Kurt Lichtenberg, Sc.B, Sc.D, S.M Richard John Terrile, PhD Carolyn Spencer Griner, BSc Mary Helen Johnston, BSc, PhD References 5: All change in the Astronaut Office INTRODUCING THE THIRTY-FIVE NEW GUYS Doubling the size of the Astronaut Office Standing out from the crowd In which we serve A bright bunch. Changing Times WALKING IN HALLOWED HALLS THE ASTRONAUT OFFICE EVOLVES Creation of an astronaut hierarchy Changing the ‘old school’ BROADENING THE OPPORTUNITIES THE OTHER ‘ODD CRITTERS’ Good but not exceptional A man for MOL The next generation SPACE SHUTTLE TAXI DRIVERS OFFICE REGENERATION - AGAIN References 6: Ascan Pioneers WHY AN ASCAN? Arriving at JSC SCHOOLING THE ASCANS The Red and the Blue Becoming a T-38 crewmember Homestead AFB Vance AFB Back in class The ‘real’ veteran astronauts High-flying extra-curricular studies Touring NASA field sites and contractors KC-135 Vomit Comet Spacesuits and EVA Dealing with the media NOW FOR THE REAL WORK THE LONG WAIT Social bonding End of the Ascan probation Reflecting on the first Ascan course References 7: Silver Pin Astronauts What Do Astronauts Do? TECHNICAL AND SUPPORT ASSIGNMENTS Astronaut Silver Pin The Pilot Pool ASTRONAUT SUPPORT ROLES EXPLAINED LAUNCH SUPPORT ROLES (KSC FLORIDA) Cape Crusaders Being an Astronaut Support Person Ascent Abort Support Roles Launch and Landing Helicopter Physician Weather Support Family Escort Brief HQ Guests Crew Transport Vehicle MISSION SUPPORT ROLES (JSC HOUSTON) Capcom Flight Data File Flight Simulation Laboratory Launch Systems Evaluation Advisory Team PAO Support Spacecraft Analysis Shuttle Mission Simulator Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory Weightless Environment Training Facility Chase Plane Team Tower Center Operations Directorate [COD] EOM Exchange Crew Crew Recovery Team MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ROLES FCOD Management Support Contingency Action Center Mishap Representative READY TO EARN THEIR ASTRONAUT WINGS References 8: Preparing to fly A NEW TRAINING PROTOCOL A change in direction Reviewing Shuttle crew training 1986 SPACE SHUTTLE CREWING NOMENCLATURE THE ASTRONAUT ROLES ON A SHUTTLE CREW Which Mission Specialist does what? Crew responsibilities Key crew roles TRAINING THE SHUTTLE ASTRONAUTS NOVEMBER 1980 TRAINING STATUS Projection (1980) A different approach FLIGHT CREW TASKS CIRCA 1980 Monitor/mode vehicle Malfunction safing/reconfiguration Crew system operations EVA operations FLIGHT DATA FILE CREW RESPONSIBILITIES THE TRAINING DIVISION (1986) The “just to be sure” syndrome Shuttle Training Division Training Hierarchy PLANNING A TRAINING CYCLE (Circa 1986) Cataloguing the training Standalone training flows Integrated Training Towards the 1990s SHUTTLE CREW TRAINING CYCLE SPACE SHUTTLE FLIGHT CREW TRAINING FACILITIES Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas OTHER NASA LOCATIONS Ellington Field, Houston NASA Forward Operating Location, El Paso, Texas Sonny Carter Training Facility (SCTF) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland Kennedy Space Flight Center (KSC), Florida Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, Alabama Additional locations DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD) FOREIGN LANDS Canada Europe Japan Russia Contractors PUTTING THEORY INTO PRACTICE T- MINUS AND COUNTING References 9: NASA’s All-Electric Flying Machine Nineteen More “New Guys” The real role of an astronaut Supporting the Flight Tests “We Want to Dust it Off First” “First the Good News…” Columbia soaks in space The First Flight-Suitable TFNG Candidates MCNAIR Injured The First Assignments America’s 206th Birthday Present An Operational Shuttle “We Deliver” Adapting to space flight… or not Space Adaptation Syndrome Events gather pace Moving Office Challenger takes up the challenge References 10: The TFNG take wings ASTRONAUTS AT LAST Ride Sally Ride STS-7 (June 18 – 24, 1983) Taking your turn in the barrel Becoming America’s First Woman in Space STS-8 (August 30 – September 5, 1983) The ‘Eyes’ patch A new and confusing numbering system Delivering Discovery Even more assignments STS-9 [STS-41A] (November 28 – December 8, 1983) SATELLITES, SPACEWALKS AND SCHEDULES STS-41B (February 3−11, 1984) STS-41C (April 6 – 13, 1984) Flight Control Operations Directorate (FCOD) Manpower Requirements First to depart The busy but frustrating summer of 1984 STS-41D (August 30 – September 5, 1984) Refueling and retrieval STS-41G (October 4 – 13, 1984) STS-51A (November 8 – 16, 1984) A BUSY YEAR: 1985 STS-51C (January 24 – 27, 1985) End of year flight assignments The Saga of 51E/51D Another new Orbiter is delivered Mission after mission STS-51D (April 12 – 19, 1985) STS-51B (April 29 – May 6, 1985) A “Death Star” in the payload bay STS-51G (June 17 – 24, 1985) Abort-to-Orbit STS-51I (August 27 – September 3, 1985) More assignments, changes and departures. STS-51J (October 3 – 7, 1985) STS-61A (October 30 – November 6, 1985) STS-61B (November 27 – December 3, 1985) MISSION IMPOSSIBLE STS-61C (January 12 – 18, 1986) SUMMARY References 11: “Go at throttle up” CHALLENGER STS-51L (January 28, 1986) The Rogers Commission A major malfunction Mir means Peace THE SPACE SHUTTLE RETURNS TO FLIGHT The mission that never was ASTRONAUT DEPARTURES Praising the workers Ground simulation ‘crews’ ANNOUNCING A RETURN-TO-FLIGHT CREW A new Chief Astronaut and Deputy A DECADE ON Astronaut Science Support Group The last before the first “Gooooooood Morning Discovery!” STS-26 (September 29 – October 3, 1988) STS-27 (December 2 – 6, 1988) A FRIGHTENING CLOSE CALL Playing catch-up STS-29 (March 13 – 18, 1989) STS-30 (May 4 – 8, 1989) Assignments, retirements and another tragedy In a packed program STS-28 (August 8 – 13, 1989) STS-34 (October 18 – 23, 1989) STS-33 (November 22 – 27, 1989) SCHEDULES, SCIENCE COMMANDERS AND THE SOVIETS STS-32 (January 9 – 20, 1990) A visit to the Soviet Union STS-36 (February 28 – March 4, 1990) STS-31 (April 24 – 29, 1990) A fifth Orbiter at last A mouthwatering mission New crew assignments LEAKING ORBITERS Grounded Vandenberg makeover Supporting but not flying STS-38 (November 15 – 20, 1990) STS-35 (December 2 – 10, 1990) A NEW DECADE DAWNS References 12: The Final Countdowns Into the Twilight of an Era Into the second decade STS-37 (April 5 – 11, 1991) STS-39 (April 28 – May 6, 1990) STS-40 (June 5 – 14, 1991) Co-Operating with the Soviets STS-43 (August 2 – 11, 1991) Restored to flight status Senior roles in the office STS-48 (September 12 – 18, 1991) STS-44 (November 24 – December 1, 1991) International Spacelabs STS-42 (January 22 – 30, 1992) STS-45 (March 24 – April 2, 1992) STS-49 (May 7 – 16, 1992) A summer of departures STS-46 (July 31 – August 8, 1992) A Plus One STS-47 (September 12 – 20, 1992) Missiya Spetsialist Kosmonavt STS-53 (December 2 – 9, 1992) The Dogs of War Freedom to Become International STS-55 (April 26 – May 6, 1993) Taking a break from training STS-58 (October 18 – November 1, 1993) STS-61 (December 2 – 12, 1993) 1994: A Barren Year A Three-Phase Program Do You speak Russian? An astronaut on Mir An astronaut’s training for Mir To go or not to go? That is the question THE First TFNG Visit A (Russian) Space Station Soyuz TM-21 (March 14 – July 7, 1995, Landing on Atlantis/STS-71) Lucid cosmonaut training STS-71 (June 27–July 7, 1995) STS-69 (September 7 – 18, 1995) “Dogs of Summer” The Longest Mission More Missions to Mir STS-75 (February 22 – March 9, 1996) STS-76 (March 22 – 31, 1996) STS-79 (September 16 – 26, 1996) The penultimate flight STS-82 (February 11 – 21, 1997) Dawn of a New Era History is made The Last Flight STS-93 (July 22 – 27, 1999) The Final Years in the Office The last of the TFNG leaves NASA Summary References 13: Flying a desk HANGING UP THE SPACE SUIT New opportunities Reaching out to the public WHERE ARE THEY NOW? Guion (Guy) Bluford, Jr. Daniel Brandenstein James Buchli Michael Coats Richard (Dick) Covey John Creighton John Fabian Anna Fisher Dale Gardner (1948−2014) Robert (Hoot) Gibson Frederick (Fred) Gregory S. David (Dave) Griggs (1939–1989) Terry (T.J.) Hart Frederick (Rick) Hauck Steven Hawley Jeffrey Hoffman Shannon Lucid Jon McBride Ronald McNair (1950–1986) Richard (Mike) Mullane Steven Nagel (1946–2014) George (Pinky) Nelson Ellison (El) Onizuka (1946–1986) Judith (Judy) Resnik (1949–1986) Sally Ride (1951–2012) Francis (Dick) Scobee (1939–1986) Margaret (Rhea) Seddon Brewster Shaw, Jr. Loren Shriver Robert (Bob) Stewart Kathryn (Kathy) Sullivan Norman (Norm) Thagard James (“Ox”) van Hoften David Walker (1944–2001) Donald Williams (1942–2016) MOVING ON References 14: Reflections A Matter of Time 2018: A Ruby Year A ‘throwback mission’ Reflections from the Class of ’78 JSC Oral History Project Summary References 15: The legacy A Close-Knit Group For the record The Legacy of the TFNG NASA After the TFNG New Roles in the Astronaut Office The first of a new generation References Afterword APPENDIX 1 NASA CLASS OF 1978 ASTRONAUT APPLICANTS FIRST GROUP OF (20) ASTRONAUT APPLICANTS (AUGUST 2, 1977) SECOND GROUP OF (20) ASTRONAUT APPLICANTS (AUGUST 16, 1977) THIRD GROUP OF (20) ASTRONAUT APPLICANTS (AUGUST 29, 1977) FOURTH GROUP OF (20) ASTRONAUT CANDIDATES (SEPTEMBER 19, 1977) FIFTH GROUP OF (20) ASTRONAUT CANDIDATES (SEPTEMBER 26, 1977) SIXTH GROUP OF (20) ASTRONAUT APPLICANTS (OCTOBER 3, 1977) SEVENTH GROUP OF (20) ASTRONAUT APPLICANTS (OCTOBER 17, 1977) EIGHTH GROUP OF (20) ASTRONAUT APPLICANTS (OCTOBER 25, 1977) NINTH GROUP OF (23) ASTRONAUT APPLICANTS (NOVEMBER 7, 1977) TENTH GROUP OF (25) ASTRONAUT APPLICANTS (NOVEMBER 14, 1977) APPENDIX 2 THE CLASS OF 1978 APPENDIX 3 GROUP 8 SPACE SHUTTLE EXPERIENCE Appendix 4 GROUP 8 EVA EXPERIENCE Appendix 5 Bibliography PERSONAL INTERVIEWS NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER ORAL HISTORY PROJECT UNRECORDED DISCUSSIONS [1985−2019] WRITTEN/ELECTRONIC CORRESPONDENCE [2004−2020] BIOGRAPHICAL/SPACEFLIGHT RECORDS PERIODICALS NEWSPAPERS NASA REPORTS NASA PUBLICATIONS OTHER REPORTS BOOKS AUTHORED BY GROUP 8 ASTRONAUTS JUVENILE BOOKS OTHER BOOKS About the authors Other works by the authors Index