(NAS Colloquium) Geology, Mineralogy, and Human Welfare

COLLOQUIUM ON GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, AND HUMAN WELFARE
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Geology, Mineralogy, and Human Welfare
Contents
Geology, mineralogy, and human welfare
Characterization of complex mineral assemblages: Implications for contaminant transport and environmental remediation
	Reactive Mineral Phases in Soils: An Historical View
	Mixed Mineral Assemblages in Natural Systems
	Mineralogy and Surface Chemistry of Complex Mineral Assemblages Isolated From Soils and Aquifer Materials
	Surface Chemistry of Mixed Mineral Assemblages and the Implication for Solute Transport
	Surface Chemistry of Mixed Mineral Assemblages and the Implication for Contaminant Transport and and Subsurface Remediation
	Conclusions
Surface geochemistry of the clay minerals
Contaminant bioavailability in soils, sediments, and aquatic environments
	Solubility and the Solubility Product
	Pb-Phosphates
	Apatite Chemistry
	Reaction of Dissolved Pb with Apatites
	Reaction of Apatites with Sorbed and Solid-Phase Pb
	Reactions of Apatites with Pb-Contaminated Soils
	Effects of Apatites on the Bioavailability of Pb in Contaminated Soils
	Conclusions
Airborne minerals and related aerosol particles: Effects on climate and the environment
	Aerosols, Climate, and the Environment
		Mineralogical Techniques Applied to Single Aerosol Particles
		Open Problems, Issues, and Results
Oceanic minerals: Their origin, nature of their environment, and significance
	Sediment Types, Sources, and Distribution in the Ocean
	Examples of Recent Advances in Studies of Oceanic Minerals and Implications for Chemical Paleoceanography and Global Change
Mineral surfaces and bioavailability of heavy metals: A molecular-scale perspective
	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
	SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern...
	The Global Scale Distribution of Mineral Dust
	Dust Sources and Regional Characteristics
	Processes in Dust Source Areas
	African Dust Transport to Miami: An Example of Possible Air Quality Issues
	Conclusions
Biological impact on mineral dissolution: Application of the lichen model to understanding mineral weathering in the...
	Mineral Weathering, Microbes, and Geochemical Cycles
		Application of Insights from the Lichen—Mineral Interface to Soils
A risk assessment for exposure to grunerite asbestos (amosite) in an iron ore mine
Potential effects of gas hydrate on human welfare
	CONCLUSIONS
Health impacts of domestic coal use in China
	Health Problems Caused by Trace Element Emissions
	Conclusions
Nuclear waste forms for actinides
	Why Are Actinides Important?
	Durable Waste Forms for Plutonium
	Zircon as an Actinide Waste Form
	SUMMARY
Illite and hydrocarbon exploration
	Illite in Sedimentary Rocks
	Illite Age Analysis
	Applications
	Conclusions
Manganese oxide minerals: Crystal structures and economic and environmental significance
	Ocean Mn Nodules
	Mn Oxide Minerals and the Environment
	Mn Oxide Minerals
	Mn Oxide Minerals with Tunnel Structures
	Mn Oxide Minerals with Layer Structures
	Other Mn Oxide Minerals
	Summary
Negative pH, efflorescent mineralogy, and consequences for environmental restoration at the Iron Mountain Superfund site...
	Mining and Water Quality
	Iron Mountain
	Acid Effluent from the Richmond Mine
	Soluble Salts and Consequences of the Mine-Plugging Scenario
	Regulatory Investigations and Remediation
	Conclusion
La roca magica: Uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and industry
	PROPERTIES
	APPLICATIONS
		Construction
		Water and Wastewater Treatment
		Adsorption and Catalysis
		Nuclear Waste and Fallout
		Agriculture
		Other Applications
	ROLE OF MINERAL SCIENTISTS
Synthetic zeolites and other microporous oxide molecular sieves
	Petroleum Refining Processes for the Production of Fuels
		Petrochemicals Processing for Aromatics Production and Derivatives
		Petrochemicals Processing for Olefins Production
		Petrochemicals Processing for Detergents Production
		Separation and Purification Process Applications
		Manufacturing Industries and Consumer Products Applications
		Environmental Protection Applications
		Conclusions
Biochemical evolution III: Polymerization on organophilic silica-rich surfaces, crystal—chemical modmodeling, formation of...