NAS Colloquium Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change

Front Cover......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 2
Climate change and carbon dioxide: An introduction......Page 6
The Heady Expedition Days......Page 8
Building the University of California at San Diego (UCSD), 1954–1961......Page 9
Coming Home......Page 11
A Personal Appreciation......Page 12
Model and Methods......Page 13
Equilibration of Nitrogen and Water Limitations......Page 14
Conclusions......Page 15
The Nature of Soil Organic Matter (SOM)......Page 17
Response of Fast-Cycling Soil C to Climate Change.......Page 21
Conclusions......Page 22
Measurements......Page 25
Adjustments and Resampling of the Data......Page 26
Computational Method for Time–Space Interpolation......Page 27
Tests for the Interpolated Values......Page 28
Summary and Conclusions......Page 31
North and Tropical Atlantic.......Page 33
Global Picture......Page 34
Rapid Climate Variability in the North Atlantic......Page 35
Concluding Remarks......Page 39
Background......Page 41
Concepts......Page 42
Oceanic Example......Page 44
Conclusion......Page 46
Data Sets......Page 47
Anthropogenic Causes of Global Warming......Page 48
Natural Causes of Global Warming......Page 50
Conclusions......Page 52
1. Introduction......Page 54
2. Air Temperature Analysis and Sunspots......Page 55
3. A Proposed Mechanism for Lunisolar Tidal Forcing......Page 56
Eighteen-Year Repetitions of Strong Tides.......Page 57
Six-Year Repetitions of Strong Tides.......Page 58
5. Lunisolar Tides as a Forcing Agent of Temperature......Page 59
7. Discussion and Conclusions......Page 60
Climate Proxy Records......Page 62
Bispectra......Page 64
Linking Mechanisms......Page 65
Discussion......Page 66
Current Forecasts......Page 68
Direct Approach.......Page 71
The Nature of Past Climate Change......Page 73
Conclusion......Page 74
Physics of Gases in Glaciers......Page 76
Reconstructions of the Anthropogenic Transient from Ice Core and Firn Air Chemistry......Page 78
Glacial–Interglacial Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry Recorded in Ice Cores......Page 81
Do Temperature-Sensitive Tree-Ring Records Indicate that Recent Warming is Unusual?......Page 83
Is There a CO2 Fertilization Effect in Tree Rings?......Page 84
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 85
Review of Corals as Geochemical Proxies Biology and Microstructure.......Page 87
Corals as Proxies of the Carbon Cycle and Climate Change......Page 90
Temporal Changes in Ocean Circulation......Page 91
Evidence of Anthropogenic CO2 in the Global Ocean.......Page 92
Future Research Directions......Page 93
Abstract......Page 95
Signatures of Orbital Cycles......Page 96
Interhemispheric Synchrony of Precessional Carbonate Cycles, Late Cretaceous......Page 97
The 100and 400-kyr Cycles in Carbonate and Organic Carbon Deposition, Middle Cretaceous......Page 99
Are There Common Threads?......Page 101
Data Sources and Preparation......Page 103
Mathematical Preliminaries......Page 104
Stochastic Properties of the Data Series......Page 105
Temperature Response Models and Transfer Function Estimates......Page 107
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 109