Nanotherapeutics in Cancer: Materials, Diagnostics, and Clinical Applications

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nanotherapeutics: A Synthetic Preview
	1.1: Introduction
	1.2: Designing Nanoparticles for Therapeutics
	1.3: Types of Nanoformulations
		1.3.1: Polymeric Nanoparticles
			1.3.1.1: Nanosponges
			1.3.1.2: Dendrimers
			1.3.1.3: Nanocapsules
			1.3.1.4: Nanogels
		1.3.2: Lipid-Based Nanoparticles
			1.3.2.1: Nanoemulsions
			1.3.2.2: Solid lipid nanoparticles
			1.3.2.3: Nanostructured lipid carriers
		1.3.3: Non-polymeric Nanoparticles
			1.3.3.1: Carbon nanotubes
			1.3.3.2: Nanodiamonds
			1.3.3.3: Metallic nanoparticles
			1.3.3.4: Quantum dots
			1.3.3.5: Silica-based nanoparticles
	1.4: Targeted Delivery Applications of Therapeutic Nanoparticles
	1.5: Limitations and Disadvantages of Therapeutic Nanoparticles
	1.6: Conclusion
Chapter 2: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
	2.1: Introduction
	2.2: Techniques for Synthesis of Nanoparticles
		2.2.1: Top-Down Approach
			2.2.1.1: Physical method
			2.2.1.2: Physical vapor deposition
			2.2.1.3: Sputtering
			2.2.1.4: Laser ablation
			2.2.1.5: Pulsed laser deposition
			2.2.1.6: Ball milling
		2.2.2: Bottom-Up Approach
			2.2.2.1: Chemical methods
			2.2.2.2: Sol–gel process
			2.2.2.3: Chemical vapor deposition
			2.2.2.4: Chemical precipitation method
			2.2.2.5: Sonochemical method
			2.2.2.6: Hydrothermal synthesis
			2.2.2.7: Polyol synthesis
	2.3: Characterization Techniques
		2.3.1: X-ray Diffraction
		2.3.2: Transmission Electron Microscopy
		2.3.3: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
		2.3.4: UV–Visible Absorption Spectroscopy
		2.3.5: NMR Spectroscopy
		2.3.6: Thermal Analysis
		2.3.7: Scanning Electron Microscope
		2.3.8: Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis
		2.3.9: Selected Area Electron Diffraction
		2.3.10: Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
		2.3.11: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
		2.3.12: Differential Scanning Calorimetry
		2.3.13: Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
Chapter 3: Current Scenario of Nanomaterials in Cancer Diagnostics
	3.1: Introduction
	3.2: Advantages of Using Nanomaterials in Cancer Therapy
	3.3: Nanomaterials Used for Cancer Diagnostics
		3.3.1: Liposomes
		3.3.2: Dendrimers
		3.3.3: Polymeric Nanoparticles
		3.3.4: Polymeric Micelles
		3.3.5: Polymer Drug Conjugates
		3.3.6: Gold Nanoparticles
		3.3.7: Magnetic Nanoparticles
		3.3.8: Silica Nanoparticles
		3.3.9: Quantum Dots
		3.3.10: Carbon Nanotubes
		3.3.11: Nanographene
	3.4: Cytotoxicity Caused by Nanoparticles
	3.5: Conclusion
Chapter 4: Emerging Antineoplastic Potential of Nanoparticles Against Different Types of Cancer
	4.1: Introduction
	4.2: Nanotherapeutics in Diverse Range of Cancer
		4.2.1: Role of Nanoparticles in Brain Cancer
		4.2.2: Role of Nanoparticles in Head and Neck Cancer
		4.2.3: Role of Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer
		4.2.4: Role of Nanoparticles in Gastric Cancer
		4.2.5: Role of Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer
		4.2.6: Role of Nanoparticles in Pancreatic Cancer
		4.2.7: Role of Nanoparticles in Ovarian Cancer
		4.2.8: Role of Nanoparticles in Prostate Cancer
	4.3: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Chapter 5: Nanomaterials-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives
	5.1: Introduction
	5.2: Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Carcinogenesis
	5.3: Mechanism of Nanomaterials-Mediated ROS Generation
	5.4: Metal-Based Nanoparticles-Mediated ROS Generation
	5.5: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials-Mediated ROS Generation
	5.6: Nanovehicles in ROS-Mediated Cancer Therapy
	5.7: Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects
Chapter 6: Role of Nanotherapeutics in Inhibiting Cancer Angiogenesis: A Novel Perspective
	6.1: Introduction
	6.2: Angiogenesis: A Critical Hallmark in Cancer
	6.3: Antiangiogenic Nanotherapy
		6.3.1: Metal and Metallic Oxide NPs
			6.3.1.1: Gold NPs
			6.3.1.2: Silver NPs
			6.3.1.3: Copper NPs
		6.3.2: Non-metallic NPs
		6.3.3: Polymer-Based NPs
		6.3.4: Tertac NPs
		6.3.5: Peptide NPs
		6.3.6: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
	6.4: Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy in Cancer
	6.5: Current Approved Nanotherapies for Cancer Treatment
	6.6: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Chapter 7: Inhibition of Cancer Cell Metastasis by Nanotherapeutics: Current Achievements and Future Trends
	7.1: Introduction
	7.2: Impact of Nanocarriers Physicochemical Properties in Tumor Inhibition
		7.2.1: Nanoparticles Size and Morphology
		7.2.2: Nanoparticle Surface Charge
		7.2.3: Nanoparticle Surface Chemistry
	7.3: Nanomedicine-Based Strategies for Inhibition of Tumor Metastasis
		7.3.1: Active Targeting
		7.3.2: Passive Targeting
		7.3.3: Cancer Stem Cells Targeting
		7.3.4: Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Targeting
		7.3.5: Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment
		7.3.6: Circulating Tumor Cell Targeting
		7.3.7: Gene Editing
	7.4: Experiences from Clinical Trials
	7.5: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Chapter 8: Nanotherapeutics as Potential Carriers for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
	8.1: Introduction
	8.2: Various Nanotherapeutics Used for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
		8.2.1: Delivery of Baicalin and 5-Fluorouracil Using Polyamidoamine Dendrimers
		8.2.2: Delivery of Hydroxycamptothecin and Doxorubicin Using Biodegradable Dendrimers
		8.2.3: Delivery of Trastuzumab and Doxorubicin Using Amino Acid–Based Dendrimers
		8.2.4: Delivery of Cytarabine and Fludarabine Using Glycodendrimers
		8.2.5: Delivery of Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin Using Hydrophobic Dendrimers
		8.2.6: Delivery of Biotin-SB-T-1214 Taxoid and mAb Using Asymmetric Dendrimers
		8.2.7: Delivery of Hesperidin and Fluorodeoxyuridine Using Targeted Liposomal Approach
		8.2.8: Delivery of Silibinin and Gemcitabine Using Thermosensitivity-Based Liposomes
		8.2.9: Delivery of siRNA and Antisense Agent Using Enzyme-Sensitive Liposomes
		8.2.10: Delivery of Apigenin and Piplartine Using Nanoemulsions
		8.2.11: Delivery of Quercetin and Raloxifene Using Chitosan Nanoparticles
		8.2.12: Delivery of Curcumin and Docetaxel Using Silica Nanoparticles
		8.2.13: Delivery of Kaempferol and Docetaxel Using PLGA Nanoparticles
	8.3: Effect of Nanoformulations to Stabilize Therapeutic Agent
	8.4: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Chapter 9: Nanoparticle-Associated Toxicity and Concept of Edible Nanoparticles: Promising Therapeutics in Near Future
	9.1: Introduction
	9.2: Nanoparticle-Associated Toxicity
	9.3: Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for Delivery of Therapeutic Agents
		9.3.1: Composition of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biological Action
		9.3.2: Isolation of Plant-Derived Edible Nanoparticles
	9.4: Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Edible Nanoparticles
	9.5: Discussion
	9.6: Conclusion and Future Perspectives
Index