Nanotechnology in textiles: theory and application

Front Cover......Page 1
Nanotechnology in Textiles: Theory and Application......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of contributors......Page 10
Acknowledgment......Page 12
 1.1  Introduction......Page 14
 1.2  Evolution of nanotechnology......Page 16
  1.2.1  Nanomaterials......Page 17
  1.2.3  Nanochemistry......Page 18
  1.2.5  Biochips......Page 19
  1.2.6  NEMS (nano electro mechanical systems)......Page 20
  1.3.2  Near-field optical microscope......Page 21
 1.4  Natural nanosystems......Page 22
  1.4.2  Cage proteins......Page 24
  1.4.3  Nanocrystalline chitin......Page 26
  1.4.4  Viruses......Page 27
  1.4.6  Biomimetics......Page 28
 1.5  Biomedical and industrial applications of nano science......Page 29
  1.5.1  Biomimetic multifunctional surfaces......Page 30
  1.5.2  Specific role of nanotechnology in textile structures......Page 37
 References......Page 45
 Further reading......Page 47
 2.1  Introduction......Page 48
 2.2  Posttreatment of nanofibrous membranes......Page 50
 2.3  Effect of electrospinning parameters and potential applications of nanofibers......Page 52
 2.4  Advanced centrifugal electrospinning......Page 57
 2.6  Three-dimensional nanofibrous macro-structures via electrospinning......Page 59
 2.7  Zirconium carbide nanofibers by electrospinning......Page 70
 2.8  Parameters on electrospinning process and characterization of electrospun nanofibers......Page 72
  2.8.1  Electrospinning of corn cellulose with alcohols to fabricate ultrafine fibers......Page 73
  2.8.2  Electrospinning of SAN/MWCNTS reinforced composite membranes......Page 74
  2.8.3  AC and DC electrospinning of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose with polyethylene oxides as secondary polymer......Page 76
 2.9  Nano scaffolds prepared by disc-electrospinning......Page 78
 2.10  Electric field analysis of a multifunctional electrospinning platform......Page 81
  2.10.1  Steady state electrospinning of polycaprolactone......Page 84
 2.11  Free surface electrospinning for high throughput manufacturing of core-shell nanofibers......Page 86
 2.12  Electrospinning of high strength aqueous silk fibroin nanofibers......Page 89
  2.12.1  Electrospinning of PVA/sericin nanofiber......Page 90
  2.12.2  Selection of solvents for polymer electrospinning......Page 93
 2.13  Coaxial electrospinning......Page 95
  2.13.1  Coaxial electrospinning multicomponent functional controlled-release vascular graft......Page 99
 2.14  Corona-electrospinning......Page 101
  2.15.1  Polycaprolactone mesh by emulsion electrospinning......Page 102
  2.15.2  Conductive pani fibers......Page 103
  2.15.3  Hierarchical structures by electrospinning or electrospraying......Page 108
  2.15.4  Mesoporous alumina nanofibers by electrospinning......Page 113
  2.15.6  Core-shell SF/PEO nanofibers via green electrospinning......Page 115
  2.15.8  Hybrid nanofibres composed of nanospheres via electrospinning......Page 116
  2.15.9  Honeycomb-like structures by electrospinning......Page 119
  2.15.10  Growth of nanostructured fibers......Page 120
  2.15.11  Electrospinning-based (bio)sensors......Page 123
  2.15.12  Electrospinning complexly shaped vascular grafts......Page 124
  2.15.13  Electrospinning composite nanofibers......Page 125
  2.15.14  Electrospinning cross-linking hydrogelators......Page 126
  2.15.15  Electrospun poly(l-lactide)/zinc oxide nonwoven textile......Page 127
  2.15.16  Electrospinning of agar/PVA aqueous solutions......Page 128
  2.15.17  Electrospinning of alginate/soy protein isolated nanofibers......Page 129
  2.15.18  Electrospinning of calcium carbonate fibers......Page 130
  2.15.20  Electrospinning of continuous poly (l-lactide) yarns......Page 131
  2.15.21  Electrospinning of complex fast-dissolving nanofibrous......Page 133
  2.15.22  Electrospinning of doped and undoped blends......Page 134
  2.15.23  Electrospinning of ethyl cellulose fibers......Page 135
  2.15.24  Electrospinning of gelatin......Page 136
  2.15.26  Electrospinning of hyaluronic acid nanofibers......Page 137
  2.15.27  Electrospinning of chitosan nanofibers......Page 138
  2.15.28  Electrospinning of immiscible systems: The wool keratin/polyamide-6......Page 139
  2.15.29  Electrospinning of ion jelly fibers......Page 140
  2.15.30  Electrospinning of nonpolymeric systems......Page 141
  2.15.32  Electrospinning of Nylon11......Page 142
  2.15.33  Electrospinning of PLGA/gum tragacanth nanofibers......Page 143
  2.15.34  Electrospinning of polyaniline for anticorrosion......Page 144
  2.15.36  Bubble electrospinning......Page 145
 2.16  Recent developments in electrospinning......Page 146
  2.16.1  Upward e-spinning from stationary spinnerets......Page 147
  2.16.2  Sideward e-spinning from stationary spinnerets......Page 148
  2.16.3  Needleless e-spinning from rotary spinnerets......Page 150
  2.16.4  Liquid shear-driven fabrication of polymer nanofibers......Page 154
  2.16.5  Vertical rod method for electrospinning polymer fibers......Page 155
 2.17  Applications of nanofiber membranes......Page 156
  2.17.1  Tissue engineering......Page 157
  2.17.2  Drug delivery......Page 161
  2.17.5  Desalination......Page 162
  2.17.7  Concluding remarks......Page 164
 References......Page 165
 Further reading......Page 174
 3.1  Introduction......Page 176
 3.3  Electrochemical carbon based nanosensors......Page 178
 3.5  Carbon nanotubes......Page 180
  3.5.1  Carbon nanotube yarn and 3-D braid composites......Page 183
  3.5.2  Recent advances in inkjet printing of CNT inks......Page 184
 3.6  Carbon nanofibers......Page 185
 3.7  Carbon nanotools as sorbents and sensors of nanosized objects......Page 187
 3.8  Carbon nanomaterials for nerve tissue stimulation and regeneration......Page 189
 References......Page 190
 4.2  Selected features of nanoparticles......Page 194
 4.3  Nanoparticles preparation......Page 202
 4.4  Nanoparticles application in the textile industry......Page 206
 4.5  Carbon nanoparticles......Page 210
 4.6  Cellulosic nanoparticles......Page 217
  4.6.1  Nano indentation......Page 222
  4.6.2  Dynamic mechanical analysis......Page 223
  4.6.3  Tensile testing......Page 224
 References......Page 227
 Further reading......Page 230
 5.1  Introduction......Page 232
 5.2  Environmental and health effects of nanomaterials in nanotextiles......Page 233
  5.2.1  Nanotechnology and metagenomics......Page 234
 5.3  Application of functionalized nano-fibres......Page 235
 5.4  Flame-retardant protective clothing......Page 237
  5.4.1  Materials engineering for surface-confined flame retardancy......Page 238
 5.5  Tissue engineering......Page 240
 5.6  Affinity membranes......Page 244
  5.6.1  Biomimetic and bioinspired membranes......Page 249
 5.7  Super hydrophobicity......Page 253
  5.7.1  Surface functionalization of nano structured silver-coated polyester fabric......Page 254
 5.8  UV protection......Page 255
 5.9  Nanosensors......Page 257
 5.10  Protective clothing......Page 260
  5.11.1  Gold bio-macromolecules for theranostic application......Page 262
  5.11.3  Nanocomposites applications in cancer therapy......Page 263
  5.11.4  Photo thermal therapy (PTT)......Page 264
  5.11.6  Chemotherapeutic drug delivery......Page 265
  5.11.7  Combination therapy......Page 266
  5.11.8  Chitosan bionanocomposites for medical applications......Page 267
 References......Page 270
 6.1  Introduction......Page 276
 6.2  Nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation......Page 279
  6.2.2  TiO2 nanocomposite based polymeric membranes......Page 280
  6.2.4  Permeability......Page 283
  6.2.5  Barrier properties......Page 284
  6.2.6  Hybrid nanocomposite particles......Page 288
  6.2.8  Preparation of nanocomposite films......Page 289
  6.2.9  Testing of nanocomposite films......Page 290
  6.2.10  TiO2 nanoparticles in basalt/polysiloxane composites......Page 291
  6.2.12  Tensile testing......Page 292
  6.2.13  Dynamic mechanical analysis......Page 294
  6.2.16  TGA measurements......Page 295
  6.2.17  3D woven composites and nanocomposites......Page 297
   6.2.18.1  Preparation of nano fly-ash......Page 298
  6.2.21  Thermo-mechanical properties (DMA test)......Page 303
  6.2.22  Thermo-mechanical behavior of nanocomposites......Page 305
  6.2.23  Electrical properties......Page 306
  6.2.24  Electromagnetic shielding......Page 307
  6.2.25  Basalt nanoparticle reinforced hybrid woven composites......Page 308
  6.2.27  UV absorption spectra......Page 311
  6.2.28  Microscopic analysis/scanning electron microscopy......Page 312
  6.2.30  Scanning electron microscope images of nanocomposites......Page 313
  6.2.32  Dynamic mechanical analysis......Page 316
  6.2.33  Thermo gravimetric analysis......Page 319
  6.2.34  Macroscopic analysis/scanning electron microscopy......Page 320
 References......Page 321
 7.1  Introduction......Page 324
 7.2  Nanoporous silica aerogel for thermal insulation......Page 325
  7.2.3  Special properties of aerogels......Page 328
  7.2.2  Transparent aerogel......Page 330
  7.2.4  Air permeability......Page 331
  7.2.5  Relative water vapor permeability......Page 332
  7.2.6  Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)......Page 333
  7.2.8  Thermal conductivity......Page 334
  7.2.9  Thermal diffusivity......Page 335
  7.2.10  Thermal resistance......Page 336
  7.2.11  Thermal absorptivity......Page 337
  7.2.14  Aerogel as an absorbent......Page 338
  7.2.18  Aerogel as a storage medium......Page 339
  7.2.22  In clothing, apparel, and blankets......Page 340
 7.3  Nanoporous carbon materials......Page 341
 7.4  Nanoporous copper structures......Page 345
 7.5  Polypyrrole nanostructures......Page 347
 7.7  Nanoporous chitosan materials......Page 349
 7.8  Bioinspired engineering of honeycomb structure......Page 352
 7.9  Bio-inspired superoleophobic and smart materials......Page 354
 7.10  Nanoporous graphene film......Page 357
 7.12  Hierarchically nanoporous nanofibers......Page 359
 References......Page 364
 8.1  Introduction......Page 368
 8.2  Toxicity of antibacterial nanoparticles......Page 372
  8.3.1  Antimicrobial polymeric materials in nanotechnology......Page 377
  8.3.3  TiO2 based nano-photocatalysis......Page 383
  8.3.4  Chitosan nanoparticles in cotton textile......Page 385
  8.3.5  Silver nanoparticles on silk fibers......Page 386
  8.3.6  Seaweed capped ZnO nanoparticles......Page 387
  8.3.7  Polyurethane based thermoelectric wearable textiles......Page 389
  8.4.1  Geometry of carbon nanotubes and toxic effects......Page 391
  8.4.2  Multiwalled carbon nanotubes toxicity in fish species......Page 392
  8.4.4  Multiwalled carbon nanotube-induced inhalation toxicity......Page 393
  8.4.5  Life cycle assessment of nanotechnology......Page 395
 References......Page 397
9: Future outlook in the context of nanoscale textiles as a technology for the twenty-first century......Page 400
Index......Page 402
Back Cover......Page 414