Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Science

Content: Series Editor Preface VII About the Series Editor IX Foreword XXI Introduction XXV Part One Basic Elements of Nanofunctional Agriculture and Food Science 1 1 Nanotechnologies for Agriculture and Foods: Past and Future 3Cecilia Bartolucci References 13 2 Nanoscience: Relevance for Agriculture and the Food Sector 15Shahin Roohinejad and Ralf Greiner 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Fundamental of Nanoscience 16 2.3 Applications of Nanotechnology in the Agriculture Sector 18 2.4 Applications of Nanotechnology in the Food Sector 23 2.5 Challenges of Using Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Sectors 27 2.6 Conclusions 28 Acknowledgment 28 References 28 3 Naturally Occurring Nanostructures in Food 33Said Bouhallab, Christelle Lopez, and Monique A.V. Axelos 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Protein-based Nanostructures 34 3.3 Lipid-Based Nanostructures 44 3.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects 46 References 47 4 Artificial Nanostructures in Food 49Jared K. Raynes, Sally L. Gras, John A. Carver, and Juliet A. Gerrard 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Types and Uses of Artificial Organic Nanostructures Found in Food 52 4.3 Conclusion 62 References 63 5 Engineered Inorganic Nanoparticles in Food 69Marie-Helene Ropers and Helene Terrisse 5.1 Introduction 69 5.2 Engineered Inorganic Materials Containing Nanoparticles 69 5.3 Characterization of Engineered Inorganic Nanomaterials 78 5.4 Conclusion and Perspectives 81 References 82 6 Nanostructure Characterization Using Synchrotron Radiation and Neutrons 87Francois Boue 6.1 Introduction 87 6.2 Principles 89 6.3 The Basic Information from a SAS Profile 93 6.4 A Few Examples: From Soft Matter to Agrofood 100 6.5 Other Scattering Techniques 106 6.6 Recommendation and Practical: A Checklist for Scattering 107 6.7 Summary and Conclusion 110 References 110 Part Two Opportunities, Innovations, and New Applications in Agriculture and Food Systems 113 7 Nanomaterials in Plant Protection 115Angelo Mazzaglia, Elena Fortunati, Jose Maria Kenny, Luigi Torre, and Giorgio Mariano Balestra 7.1 Introduction 115 7.2 Nanotechnology and Agricultural Sector 117 7.3 Applications of Nanomaterials against Plant Pathogens and Pests 125 7.4 Conclusions 129 References 130 8 Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Nutraceuticals: Trojan Horse Hydrogel Beads 135Benjamin Zeeb and David Julian McClements 8.1 Introduction 135 8.2 Overview of Nanoparticles-Based Colloidal Delivery Systems 136 8.3 Designing Particle Characteristics 138 8.4 Trojan Horse Nanoparticle Delivery Systems 140 8.5 Case Study: Alginate Hydrogel Beads as Trojan Horse Nanoparticle Delivery Systems for Curcumin 146 8.6 Conclusions 149 References 149 9 Bottom-Up Approaches in the Design of Soft Foods for the Elderly 153Jose Miguel Aguilera and Dong June Park 9.1 Foods and the Elderly 153 9.2 Rational Design of Soft and Nutritious Gel Particles 155 9.3 Technological Alternatives for the Design of TM Foods 160 9.4 Conclusions 162 Acknowledgments 163 References 163 10 Barrier Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Food Packaging 167Jose M. Lagaron, Luis Cabedo, and Maria J. Fabra 10.1 Introduction 167 10.2 Nanocomposites 168 10.3 Nanostructured Layers 172 10.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects 174 References 174 11 Nanotechnologies for Active and Intelligent Food Packaging: Opportunities and Risks 177Nathalie Gontard, Stephane Peyron, Jose M. Lagaron, Yolanda Echegoyen, and Carole Guillaume 11.1 Introduction and Definitions 177 11.2 Nanomaterials in Active Packaging for Food Preservation 178 11.3 Nanotechnology for Intelligent Packaging as Food Freshness and Safety Monitoring Solution 181 11.4 Potential Safety Issues and Current Legislation 187 11.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 190 References 191 12 Overview of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Food Science Applications 197Xavier Le Guevel 12.1 Introduction 197 12.2 Food Packaging, Processing, and Storage 197 12.3 Supplements/Additives 199 12.4 Food Analysis 200 12.5 Conclusion and Perspective 202 Acknowledgment 203 References 203 13 Nanotechnology for Synthetic Biology: Crossroads Throughout Spatial Confinement 209Denis Pompon, Luis F. Garcia-Alles, and Gilles Truan 13.1 Convergence Between Nanotechnologies and Synthetic Biology 209 13.2 Spatially Constrained Functional Coupling in Biosystems 210 13.3 Functional Coupling Through Scaffold-Independent Structures 211 13.4 Spatial Confinement Mediated by Natural and Synthetic Scaffolds 213 13.5 Encapsulated Biosystems Involving Natural or Engineered Nanocompartments 216 13.6 Synthetically Designed Structures for Protein Coupling and Organization 225 13.7 Future Directions 226 References 227 14 Modeling and Simulation of Bacterial Biofilm Treatment with Applications to Food Science 235Jia Zhao, Tianyu Zhang, and Qi Wang 14.1 Introduction 235 14.2 Review of Biofilm Models 237 14.3 Biofilm Dynamics Near Antimicrobial Surfaces 244 14.4 Antimicrobial Treatment of Biofilms by Targeted Drug Release 246 14.5 Models for Intercellular and Surface Delivery by Nanoparticles 248 14.6 Conclusion 250 Acknowledgments 251 References 251 Part Three Technical Challenges of Nanoscale Detection Systems 257 15 Smart Systems for Food Quality and Safety 259Mark Bucking, Andreas Hengse, Heinrich Gruger, and Henning Schulte 15.1 Introduction 259 15.2 Overview 260 15.3 Roadmapping of Microsystem Technologies Toward Food Applications 261 15.4 Microsystem Technology Areas 266 References 275 16 Nanoelectronics: Technological Opportunities for the Management of the Food Chain 277Kris Van De Voorde, Steven Van Campenhout, Veerle De Graef, Bart De Ketelaere, and Steven Vermeir 16.1 Technological Needs and Trends in the Food Industry 277 16.2 Cooperation Model to Stimulate    The Introduction of New Nanoelectronics-Based Technologies in Food Industry   : An Engine for Innovation and Bridging the Gap 279 16.3 Existing Technologies That Can Be Used in a Wide Range of Applications: The Present 282 16.4 New Technology Developments: The Future 285 References 295 Part Four Nanotechnology: Toxicology Aspects and Regulatory Issues 297 17 Quality and Safety of Nanofood 299Oluwatosin Ademola Ijabadeniyi 17.1 Introduction 299 17.2 Current and Future Application of Nanotechnology in the Food Industry 300 17.3 Food Quality and Food Safety 304 17.4 How Safe is Nanofood? 304 17.5 The Need for Risk Assessment 306 17.6 Regulations for Food Nanotechnology 306 17.7 Conclusion 307 References 307 18 Interaction between Ingested-Engineered Nanomaterials and the Gastrointestinal Tract: In Vitro Toxicology Aspects 311Laurie Laloux, Madeleine Polet, and Yves-Jacques Schneider 18.1 Introduction 311 18.2 Influence of the Gastrointestinal Tract on the Ingested Nanomaterials Characteristics 314 18.3 In Vitro Models of the Intestinal Barrier 318 18.4 Cytotoxicity Assessment and Application to Silver Nanoparticles 320 18.5 Conclusion 323 References 324 19 Life Cycle of Nanoparticles in the Environment 333Jean-Yves Bottero, Mark R. Wiesner, Jerome Labille, Melanie Auffan, Vladimir Vidal, and Catherine Santaella 19.1 Introduction 333 19.2 Transport and Bioaccumulation by Plants 334 19.3 Indirect Agricultural Application of NMs through Biowastes 336 19.4 Transformations of NPs in Soils after Application 339 19.5 Conclusion 342 Acknowledgments 343 References 343 Part Five Governance of Nanotechnology and Societal Dimensions 347 20 The Politics of Governance: Nanotechnology and the Transformations of Science Policy 349Brice Laurent 20.1 An Issue of Governance 349 20.2 Operationalizing the Governance of Nanotechnology 352 20.3 The Constitutional Project of Governance 356 References 360 21 Potential Economic Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials in Agriculture and the Food Sector 363Elke Walz, Volker Graf, and Ralf Greiner 21.1 Introduction 363 21.2 Potential and Possible Applications of Nanomaterials in the Food Sector and Agriculture 364 21.3 Nanotechnology: Market Research and Forecasts 366 21.4 Critical Considerations and Remarks Concerning Market Reports and Forecasts 367 21.5 Obstacles Regarding Commercialization of Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture 370 21.6 Conclusion 372 References 372 22 Conclusions 377Monique A.V. Axelos and Marcel Van de Voorde Index 381