Nanotechnological Approaches to the Advancement of Innovations in Aquaculture

Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Nanotechnologies in Aquatic Disease Diagnosis and Drug Delivery
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Fish Disease and Immune System
	1.3 Key Factors to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Vaccine Development
	1.4 Limitations of Current Diagnostic Methods
	1.5 Advances in Methods of Disease Diagnosis
	1.6 Nanotechnology Tool for Enhancing Aquaculture Operations and Fishing System
	1.7 Nanotechnology in Fish Disease Control
	1.8 Nanomaterials as a Diagnostic Tool
	1.9 Nanomaterials as Nanomedicine
	1.10 Phyto-Nanocomposites as Nanomedicines
	1.11 Nanomaterials as Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) and Therapeutic Tools
	1.12 Nanovaccine Delivery
	1.13 Nanoparticle-Based Gene Therapy
	1.14 Different Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
	1.15 Liposomes
	1.16 Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid (PLGA)
	1.17 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
	1.18 Microbial Disinfection
	1.19 Conclusions and Future Prospects
	References
Chapter 2: Nanotechnologies in Controlling Aquatic Diseases
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Fish Vaccine in Aquaculture
	2.3 Types of Vaccines and Their Applications in Nanotechnology
		2.3.1 Fish Vaccines
			2.3.1.1 Viral Fish Vaccines
			2.3.1.2 Bacterial Fish Vaccines
			2.3.1.3 Fish Vaccines Against Parasites
		2.3.2 Need for New Fish Vaccines
		2.3.3 DNA Vaccine
		2.3.4 DNA Vaccines for Fish Pathogens in Nanotechnology
			2.3.4.1 Oral Vaccine
	2.4 Vibrosis: A Common Disease Pathogen in Aquaculture
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3: Nanovaccine
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Controlling the Disease Burden in Aquaculture Through Vaccinations
	3.3 Choice of Antigens as Nanovaccines
	3.4 Nanoformulation of Vaccines and Delivery Systems
	3.5 Different Types of Nanoparticles and Their Potential Applications for the Delivery of Vaccines
		3.5.1 Polylactic-Co-Glycolic Acid
		3.5.2 Polylactic Acid
		3.5.3 Alginate
		3.5.4 Chitosan
		3.5.5 Dendrimers
		3.5.6 Inorganic Nanoparticles
		3.5.7 Gold Nanoparticles
		3.5.8 Silver Nanoparticles
		3.5.9 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs)
		3.5.10 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2−NPs)
		3.5.11 Nano-selenium
		3.5.12 Liposome
	3.6 Nanoemulsion
		3.6.1 Immunostimulating Complex (ISCOM)
	3.7 Immune Responses Due to Nanovaccines
		3.7.1 Nanoparticle-Antigen Interaction
		3.7.2 Nanoparticle-Antigen-Presenting Cells
	3.8 Benefits of Nanovaccines
	3.9 Current and Future Challenges
	3.10 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4: Nanotechnology: A Novel Tool for Aquaculture Feed Development
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Role of Nanotechnology in Enhanced Feed Additive Preparation
	4.3 Types of Nanomaterial and Their Properties
		4.3.1 Inorganic Nanoparticles
		4.3.2 Organic Nanoparticles
		4.3.3 Nanocomposites
		4.3.4 Carbon Nanomaterials
	4.4 Application of Nanoparticles in the Aquaculture Sector
	4.5 Nanotechnology in Aquaculture Feed Production
	4.6 Nanoparticle Exposure to Aquatic Animals and Health Improvement
		4.6.1 Silver Nanoparticles
		4.6.2 Chitosan Nanoparticle
		4.6.3 Selenium (Se)
		4.6.4 Zinc (Zn)
		4.6.5 Iron (Fe)
	4.7 Future Perspectives
	References
Chapter 5: Future Prospects of Nanotechnology in Aquaculture
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Intervention of Nanotechnology and Aquaculture
	5.2 Future Prospects of Nanotechnology in Aquaculture
		5.2.1 Nanofiltration
		5.2.2 Nanoencapsulation
			5.2.2.1 Selenium Nanoparticles
		5.2.3 Fish Breeding
		5.2.4 Fish Disease Control
		5.2.5 Nanosensors
		5.2.6 Nanoparticles in Effluent Treatment
		5.2.7 Nanomaterials in Reducing Heavy Metals
	References
Chapter 6: Introduction of Nanotechnology Intervention in Aquaculture
	6.1 Introduction to Nanotechnology
	6.2 Importance of Nanoscale Materials
		6.2.1 The Quantum Size Effect
		6.2.2 Catalysis
		6.2.3 Structural Organization
		6.2.4 Enhanced Mechanical Properties
	6.3 History of Nanotechnology
	6.4 Methods of Nanofabrication in Nanotechnology
		6.4.1 Top-Down Approach
		6.4.2 Bottom-Up Approach
	6.5 Introduction to Aquaculture
		6.5.1 The Upsides of Aquaculture
	6.6 Intervention of Nanotechnology and Aquaculture
		6.6.1 Current Nanotechnological Methods in Aquaculture
		6.6.2 Nanotechnology as a Part of Aquaculture and Fisheries
		6.6.3 Nanoparticles for Enhancement and Fish Growth
		6.6.4 Vaccine Delivery
		6.6.5 Nutrient Distribution
		6.6.6 Water Purification
		6.6.7 Nanotechnological Interventions in Food Processing
		6.6.8 Nanotechnology in Sea Food Preservation
		6.6.9 Nanoemulsions
		6.6.10 Nanosensors
	References
Chapter 7: Alarming Viral Pathogens in Shrimp Industry and Nanotechnology
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 White Spot Syndrome
	7.3 Symptoms
	7.4 Control and Prevention
	7.5 Infectious Myonecrosis
	7.6 White Tail Disease
	7.7 Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis
	7.8 Taura Syndrome
	7.9 Yellow Head Disease (YHD)
	7.10 Nanotechnology in Detection and Disease Management in Shrimp
	7.11 Using AgNPs Against Shrimp Viral Diseases
	7.12 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8: Applications of Nanoparticles in Aquaculture
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Nanoparticles
	8.3 Action of Nanoparticles
		8.3.1 Selenium (Se)
		8.3.2 Iron (Fe)
		8.3.3 Silver (Ag)
		8.3.4 Zinc (Zn)
	8.4 Nanoparticle Applications in Fisheries and Aquaculture
		8.4.1 Water Treatment
		8.4.2 Food Supplements
		8.4.3 Nanodelivery Agents and Disease Management
	8.5 Challenges and Limitations
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 9: Nanotechnologies in the Health Management of Aquatic Animal Diseases
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Nanotechnology in Aquaculture
	9.3 Fish Viral Diseases
		9.3.1 Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2)
		9.3.2 Carp Edema Virus (CEV)
		9.3.3 Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER)
		9.3.4 Red Sea Bream Iridovirus (RSIV)
		9.3.5 Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV)
	9.4 Tilapia Lake Virus Disease
	9.5 Shrimp Viral Diseases
		9.5.1 Monodon Baculovirus (MBV)
	9.6 White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)
		9.6.1 Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV)
		9.6.2 Hepatopancreatic Parvo-like Virus (HPV)
		9.6.3 White Tail Disease (WTD)
		9.6.4 Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV)
	References
Index