Nanomaterials: The Building Blocks of Modern Technology. Synthesis, Properties and Applications

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Smart Nanomaterials Technology Series
Nanomaterials: The Building Blocks of Modern Technology. Synthesis, Properties and Applications
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Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Introduction to Nanomaterials and Their Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Uniqueness of a Nanomaterial
	3 Nanomaterial Development
	4 Nanomaterials and Associated Risks
	5 Policy/Legislations on Nanomaterials
	6 Nanoparticle Applications
	7 Nanomaterials and Their Production Approach
	8 Conclusions
	References
Synthesis, Characteristics, and Applications of Nanomaterials
	1 Introduction
	2 Approaches for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials
	3 Top-Down Approaches
	4 Bottom-Up Approaches
	5 Liquid–Crystal Templating is Adopted
	6 Unique Nanomaterial Features
	7 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
	8 Conclusions
	References
Soft Nanomaterials and Their Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of Nanomaterials
		2.1 Size and Dimension
		2.2 Origin
		2.3 Nature of Their Structural Components
	3 Methods of Synthesis of Nanomaterials
	4 Properties of Nanomaterials
		4.1 Catalytic Properties
		4.2 Quantum Confinement Effect
		4.3 Optical Properties
		4.4 Electrical Properties
		4.5 Magnetic Properties
		4.6 Mechanical Properties
	5 Introduction to Soft Nanomaterials
		5.1 Nanogels
		5.2 Dendrimers
		5.3 Liposomes
		5.4 Polymeric Nanoparticles
		5.5 Vesicles
		5.6 Micelles
		5.7 Microemulsions
		5.8 Soft Matter Nanotubes
		5.9 Applications of Soft Nanomaterials
		5.10 Drug and Gene Delivery
		5.11 Therapeutics
		5.12 As Nanoreactors
		5.13 Bone and Tissue Regeneration
		5.14 Bioimaging and Biosensors
		5.15 Environmental Applications
		5.16 Cosmetics
		5.17 Food Industry
		5.18 Agriculture
	6 Conclusion
	References
Biological Nanomaterials and Their Development
	1 Introduction
	2 Organic Bio-nanomaterials
	3 Carbon-Based Organic Bio-nanomaterials
		3.1 Applications of Carbo-Based Nanomaterials
	4 Silica-Based Organic Bio-nanomaterials
		4.1 Applications of Silica-Based Nanomaterials
	5 Metallic-Based Organic Nanomaterials
	6 Synthetic Bio-nanomaterials
	7 Green-Based Bio-nanomaterial
		7.1 Classification of Green Nanomaterials
		7.2 Introduction to Green Synthesis
		7.3 Meaning of Biological Synthesis
		7.4 Synthesis Based on Plant Extract
		7.5 The Advantages of Green Synthesis When Compared to Conventional Process
		7.6 Utilizing Green Synthesis to Create Metallic Nanoparticles
	8 Silver Nanoparticles
	9 Nanofibers Green Synthesis
	10 Application and Sources of Green Synthesis and Green Nanomaterial
	11 A Green Nanomaterial—the Nanocellulose
	12 Scientific Advances in the Field of Green Nanomaterial and Green Nanotechnology
	References
Synthesis, Properties, and Characterization of Biological Nanomaterial
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Methodology for the Biological Synthesis of Nanomaterial
		1.2 Techniques to Synthesize Nanoparticles
	2 Approaches for Nanoparticle Synthesis
		2.1 Physical Approach
		2.2 Chemical Approach
		2.3 Biological Approach
	3 Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Green Methods
		3.1 Bacteria-Mediated Method
		3.2 Algae-Mediated Method
		3.3 Fungi-Mediated Method
		3.4 Yeast-Mediated Method
		3.5 Engineering Nanoparticles Using Biomolecular Templates
		3.6 Plant-Mediated Method
	4 Factors Influencing the Biological Synthesis of Nanomaterials
		4.1 pH Level of the Reaction Medium
		4.2 Temperature of the Reaction Medium
		4.3 Synthesis Methodology
		4.4 Pressure
		4.5 Reaction Time
	5 Physico-chemical Properties
		5.1 Optical and Electronic Properties
		5.2 Magnetic Properties
		5.3 Mechanical Properties
		5.4 Thermal Properties
	6 Characterization
		6.1 Structural Characterizations
		6.2 Particle Size and Surface Area Characterizations
		6.3 Optical Characterizations
		6.4 Morphological Characterizations
	7 Conclusion
	References
Antimicrobial Potential, Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Applications of Bio-nanoparticles in Medicine
	1 Introduction
	2 Synthesis Techniques for Nanoparticles
	3 Role of Bio-nanomaterials Against Microorganisms
	4 Role of Bionanomaterials in Vaccine
	5 Nano-based Drug Delivery Systems
	6 Applications of Nanomaterial in Treatment of Cancer
	7 Role of Nanoparticles in Food Industry
	8 Conclusion
	References
Composite Nanomaterials and Their Development
	1 Introduction
	2 Polymer Nanocomposites
	3 Non-polymer Nanocomposites
	4 Ceramic–Ceramic-Based Nanocomposites
	5 Material Selection and Development
		5.1 Synthesis
		5.2 Characterization
		5.3 Property Optimization
		5.4 Application Development
		5.5 Chemical Co-Precipitation
		5.6 Electrospinning
		5.7 Sol–gel Method
		5.8 Chemical Vapor Deposition
		5.9 Physical Mixing
		5.10 In Situ Growth
		5.11 Surface Modification
	6 Potential Uses of Nanocomposites
	7 Conclusions
	References
Advancements and Challenges in Synthesizing Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals by Hot-Injection Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Hot-Injection Method—Basic Principle and Experimental Assembly
	3 Synthesis of Inorganic Semiconductor Nanocrystals by Hot-Injection Method
		3.1 Role of Ligands and Solvents in Morphological Evolution
		3.2 Influence of Precursors in the Reaction
		3.3 Influence of Physical and Chemical Parameters
		3.4 Purification of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
	4 Influence of Hot-Injection Method on the Synthesis of Metal-Oxide, Metal-Chalcogenide Semiconductor Nanocrystals
	5 Significance of Hot-Injection Method on the Synthesis of Metal Halide Perovskite NCs
	6 Post-treatment (or) Surface Passivation, Core/Shell Nanostructures, Ligand-Exchange, Ion-Exchange and Doping Strategies of Semiconductor Nanocrystals Prepared by Hot-Injection Method
	7 Upscaling in Hot-Injection Method
	8 Challenges in Synthesizing Semiconductor NCs Using Hot-Injection Method
	9 Other Solution-Based Synthetic Approaches of Semiconductor NCs
	References
Advances in Hybrid Energy and Power Density-based Supercapatteries
	1 Introduction
	2 Electrodes in Supercapatteries
		2.1 Methods and Materials of Electrodes in Supercapattery
		2.2 Mechanism in Performance of Supercapatteries
	3 Various Designed Supercapatteries
		3.1 Compact/Non-stretchable Devices
		3.2 Flexible/Stretchable Devices
	4 Challenges in Supercapatteries
	5 Summary
	6 Future Scope
	References
The World of Green Nanomaterials and Their Development
	1 Introduction
	2 Green Nanomaterial Sources
	3 A Green Nanomaterial
	4 Green Nanomaterial Processing Systems
	5 Green Nanomaterials and Green Nanotechnology
	6 Management of the Environment, Sustainability, and a Visionary Future
	7 Nanotechnology and Sustainability
	8 Green Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, and Sustainability: Future Research Directions
	9 Conclusions
	References
Available Synthesis Methods of Green Nanomaterials, Their Properties, and Characterization
	1 Introduction
	2 Plant and Plant Derivative-Based Synthesis
	3 Microorganism-Based Synthesis
	4 Microwave-Based Synthesis
	5 Solvent-Based Synthesis
	6 Properties of Green Nanoparticles
		6.1 Biological Properties
		6.2 Physical Properties
		6.3 Optical Properties
	7 Characterization of Green Nanoparticles
	References
Green Nanotechnology: A Roadmap to Long-Term Applications in Biomedicine, Agriculture, Food, Green Buildings, Coatings, and Textile Sectors
	1 Introduction
	2 Green Nanotechnology and Its Applications
		2.1 Green Nanotechnology in Biomedical Applications
		2.2 Agricultural Applications of Green Nanotechnology
		2.3 Green Nanotechnology in Food Industry
		2.4 Green Nanotechnology in Environmental Applications
		2.5 Green Nanotechnology in Renewable Energy Generation
		2.6 Green Nanotechnology in Green Building Constructions
		2.7 Green Nanotechnology in Coating Industry Applications
		2.8 Green Nanotechnology in Cosmetic Applications
		2.9 Green Nanotechnology in Textile Industry Applications
	3 Limitations of Green Nanotechnology
	4 Conclusions
	References
Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Their Properties
	1 Introduction
	2 Fullerenes
	3 CNTs
	4 Graphene
	5 Nanodiamonds
	6 Carbon-Based Quantum Dots
	7 Carbon Nanohorns/Nanocones
	8 Conclusions
	References
Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials as Technology Marvels
	1 Introduction
	2 Silicene
	3 MXenes
	4 2D Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets (2D MOFs)
	5 Metal Nanostructured Materials
	6 Nanoparticles with Core–shell
	7 Conclusions
	References
Future Enabled by Nanomaterials: Editor Summary
	1 Editor Note or Summary
	2 Applications of Nanomaterials
		2.1 Health Care
		2.2 Applications of Nanomaterials in Energy Sector
		2.3 Applications in Electronics
		2.4 Applications in Environment
		2.5 Applications in Materials Science
		2.6 Applications in Construction Industry
	3 High-End Equipment and Software Used for Characterization
	4 Editor Outlook