Nano-engineered Materials for Textile Waste Remediation

Preface
Contents
Introduction to Textile Waste Remediation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 What is Textile Waste Remediation?
		1.2 Types of Textile Wastewater [7]
	2 Textile Waste Remediation Treatment
	3 Use of Technology in Textile Wastewater Treatment
	4 Challenges Faced in Textile Waste Remediation
	5 Solutions to the Challenges Faced Due to Textile Wastewater Treatment
		5.1 Reuse of Textile Wastewater
		5.2 Conclusions
		5.3 Future Scenario
	References
Textile Waste: The Genesis, Environmental Impact and Remediation Using Nanomaterials
	1 Introduction
	2 The Genesis of Textile Waste
		2.1 Pre-consumer Textile Waste
		2.2 Post-consumer Textile Waste
		2.3 Industrial Waste
	3 Environmental Impact
	4 Remediation of Textile Wastes
	5 Conclusions
	References
Degradation of Reactive Dyes Using Photoactive Membranes
	1 Introduction
	2 Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Reactive Dyes
	3 Photocatalytic Membranes
		3.1 Factors Affecting Membrane Performance in Photodegradation Efficiency
	4 Membrane Fabrication Methods
		4.1 Facile Spray Deposition
		4.2 Atomic Layer Deposition
		4.3 Chemical Vapour Deposition
		4.4 Electrospinning and Hydrothermal Reaction
		4.5 Dip-Coating
		4.6 Phase Inversion
	5 Applications in Dye Removal
	6 Photocatalysis
		6.1 UV-Driven Photocatalysis
		6.2 Solar-Driven Photocatalysis
		6.3 Coupling Membrane Filtration with Photocatalysis
	7 Photoreactors
		7.1 Reactor Design
		7.2 Slurry Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor
		7.3 Immobilized Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor
	8 Conclusion and Future Outlook
	References
Bio-Remediation of Organic Dyes from Wastewater by Microbial Colony—A Short Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Importance of Biological Treatment Relative to Physicochemical Methods
	3 Physical and Chemical Methods
	4 Biological Methods
	5 Decolorization and Degradation of Azo Dyes by Fungi
	6 Decolorization and Degradation of Azo Dyes by Yeast
	7 Decolorization and Degradation of Azo Dyes by Algae
	8 Decolorization and Degradation of Azo Dyes by Plants (Phytoremediation)
	9 Bacterial Decolorization and Degradation of Azo Dyes
	10 Using Pure Bacterial Culture
	11 Using Co-culture and Mixed Bacterial Cultures
	12 Mechanisms of Microbial Color Removal
	13 Factors Affecting Bacterial Decolorization
	14 Effects of Oxygen and Agitation
	15 Effects of Carbon and Nitrogen Source Supplements
	16 Effects of Temperature
	17 Effects of pH
	18 Effects of Dye Concentration
	19 Effects of Dye Structure
	20 Effects of Electron Donor
	21 Effects of Redox Mediator
	22 Reductive Enzymes Involved in the Bacterial Degradation of Azo Dyes
	23 Oxidative Enzymes Involved in the Bacterial Degradation of Azo Dyes
	24 Microbial Toxicity
	25 Conclusions
	References
Textile Waste Conversion into Valuable Products for Environmental Impact Abatement
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Thermogravimetric Assays
		2.3 Development of the Activated Carbon Cloths
		2.4 Physicochemical Characterization of the Activated Carbon Cloths
		2.5 Batch Adsorption Experiments
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Thermal Degradation Behavior of the Textile Scraps
		3.2 Yields and Physicochemical Properties of the Activated Carbon Cloths
		3.3 Effect of the Activating Agent on Yield and Physicochemical Characteristics of the Activated Carbon Cloths from Selected Textile Scraps
		3.4 Effectiveness of the Activated Carbon Cloths in Water Contaminants Removal
	4 Conclusions
	References
MOF: A Futuristic Material for Dyes Remediation
	1 Overview on, MOF for Dyes
	2 Crystalline Sponge Method
		2.1 A Crystallographic Capture of Dyes in Non-Crystalline State
	3 A Crystallographic-Capture
		3.1 A Vibrant Arena of Chemical-Structure Elucidation
	4 Crystallographic-Competency
		4.1 Crystallography is a Unique Way of Identification of Compounds by Complete Imagining Which Necessitates Its Application for a Wider Range of Chemical Species
	5 Crystallographic-Confines for Absorption in Liquid State
		5.1 The Problem Arises When Crystallography Requires-Well-Diffracting Crystals of the Target Compound
	6 Context of Crystalline Sponge Method for Dye-Absorption
		6.1 Crystalline Sponge Method-A Crystallography Without the Crystallization of Target Dye-Compound
	7 Improvements of Crystalline Sponge Method
	8 Essentials of Crystalline Sponge Method
	9 Absolute Structure Determination
	10 Solution & Refinement of Encapsulated Molecular Species
	11 Chronology of Crystalline Sponge Method
		11.1 Chronological Evolution of Crystallography Without Crystallization-The following Studies were on a Variety of Compounds of All Sizes, of Different Chemical Natures, in Diverse Chemical Environments from Non-polar Solvents to the Most Polar Such as-Water. Over 1000 Hits Reported in CSD, Were Merely for Zn-TPT and Analogous MOFs by Now
	12 Overview on MOF, as a Dye-Absorbent
		12.1 Metal-Organic Frameworks Have the Greatest Surface Area of Known Chemical-Compounds-MOF’s are the Best Crystalline Sponges with a Rigid Framework, Appropriate for Dye Absorption
		12.2 MOF-Dye Absorbent, as Crystalline Material
		12.3 Extremely Large Surface Area
		12.4 Pore Space Within MOF
		12.5 Active Sites Within MOF
		12.6 Thermal Response
		12.7 Mechanical Stress
		12.8 Elasticity/Flexibility
	13 MOF Topology
		13.1 Apart from Chemical Constitution, MOF’s Topology Has a Very Significant Role in Guest–host Coordination
	14 Non-covalent Interactions
		14.1 Profound Action of Non-covalent Interactions towards the Crystalline Sponge Method
	15 A Relative Relevance of Non-covalent Interactions
	16 Electrostatic Force—A Central Force of All Contacts
	17 Kinetic Aspect of Interactions
		17.1 NCIs Are Necessary for MOF-Dye Structure Integrity
	18 Conclusions
	References
Environmental Hazards on Textile Waste
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Overview of Textile Industry and Waste Water Generation
		1.2 Categories of Industrial Waste
		1.3 Impact of Water Pollution on Human Life
	2 Some Ways to Reduce Water Pollution
	3 Conclusions
	References
Recent Trends in Eco-Friendly Materials for Agrochemical Pollutants Removal: Polysaccharide-Based Nanocomposite Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Agrochemicals
		2.1 Origin and Classification
		2.2 Pesticides
		2.3 Fertilizers
		2.4 Environmental Implications, Remediation Treatments, and Regulations
	3 Nanocomposite Materials Based on Single Polysaccharides
	4 Nanocomposite Materials Based on Polysaccharide Blends
	5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
Nano-engineered Material and Remediation Strategy
	1 Introduction
	2 Inorganic Nanomaterials
		2.1 Gold Nanomaterials (GNPs)
		2.2 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (INPs)
		2.3 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
		2.4 Quantum Dots (QDs)
	3 Composite-Based Nanomaterials
	4 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
		4.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) [1]
		4.2 Buckminsterfullerene [39]
		4.3 Graphene Oxide (GO) [32]
	5 Conclusions and Future Scope
	References
Degradation of Textile Waste for Environmental Protection
	1 Introduction
	2 Textile Waste Degradation Methods
		2.1 Biological Method
		2.2 Non-Biological Method
		2.3 Alternate Use of Textile Waste
	3 Conclusions
	References