Myths of the Greeks and Romans

Cover\r......Page 1
Backcover\r......Page 2
Titlepage\r......Page 6
Copyright......Page 7
CONTENTS......Page 8
ILLUSTRATIONS......Page 12
GENEALOGICAL TABLES......Page 18
FOREWORD......Page 20
PART I: THE HEROES OF HOMER......Page 28
i. The Story Told in the ILIAD......Page 30
2 Troy and Homer......Page 35
3 Achilles: Helen......Page 44
TABLE 2\r......Page 48
4 The Qualities of a Hero......Page 53
5 A Hero and His Gods......Page 63
1 The Story Told in the ODYSSEY......Page 73
2 Odysseus......Page 80
3 Ever-repeated Tales......Page 84
4 Beyond the World\'s End......Page 92
PART II: ZEUS, APOLLO, DEMETER......Page 100
1 The Story Told in the THEOGONY......Page 102
2 Myths of Creation......Page 106
3 Zeus Was Not Always There......Page 116
4 The Destruction of the Rebels......Page 123
TABLE 3(a)\r......Page 131
TABLE 3(b)\r......Page 132
1 The Story Told in the HYMN TO APOLLO......Page 136
2 The Brilliant God of Hellenism......Page 138
3 The Story Told in the Hymn to Demeter......Page 145
4 Mother Earth......Page 147
5 Myth and Ritual......Page 158
PART III: AGAMEMNON AND PROMETHEUS......Page 164
1 The Story of the ORESTEIA Told by Aeschylus......Page 166
2 Tragic Drama Chooses Myth......Page 175
TABLE 4......Page 184
3 The God Who Exacts the Price......Page 185
4 To O\'Neill, Eliot and Sartre......Page 197
1 The Story of the PROMETHEUS BOUND Told by Aeschylus......Page 203
2 The Resistance Hero......Page 207
PART IV: OEDIPUS AND ANTIGONE......Page 216
1 The Story of the KING OEDIPUS Told by Sophocles......Page 218
2 Why is Oedipus Destroyed......Page 222
4 Oedipus at Colonus......Page 237
1 The Story of the ANTIGONE Told by Sophocles......Page 241
2 Who is Right and Who is Wrong?......Page 245
PART V: HERACLES AND DIONYSUS......Page 254
1 The Story of the ALCESTIS Told by Euripides......Page 256
2 A New Look at the Myths......Page 259
3 The Harrowing of Hell......Page 272
1 The Story of the BACCHAE Told by Euripides......Page 278
2 The Irresistible Irrational......Page 282
TABLE 6\r......Page 283
PART VI: HEROIC SEARCHERS......Page 290
1 The Story of the ARGONAUTICA Told by Apollonius......Page 292
2 Alexandrians and Victorians......Page 299
1 The story of ORPHEUS AND EURYDICE Told by Virgil......Page 307
2 The Holy Orphic Books......Page 314
3 The Poetic Expression of Myth......Page 318
1 The Story of the AENEID Told by Virgil......Page 328
2 Nationalism and Guilt......Page 336
3 The Two Gates of Sleep......Page 342
1 The Story of Romulus Told by Livy......Page 352
2 Patriotic Foundation-myth......Page 355
TABLE 7\r......Page 359
3 The Stories of Tarquin and Horatius Told by Livy......Page 363
4 History in Legend......Page 366
PART VII: THE THOUSAND FACES OF LOVE......Page 376
1 Changes of Shape......Page 378
2 Loves Sad and Heavy......Page 382
TABLE 8\r......Page 391
3 Loves Triumphant......Page 393
TABLE 9......Page 394
TABLE 10......Page 400
4 Pious Couples Rewarded......Page 402
TABLE 11......Page 405
1 The Story of CUPID AND PSYCHE Told by Apuleius......Page 411
2 Fairy-Story......Page 417
3 Allegory......Page 421
1 The Story of HERO AND LEANDER Told by Musaeus......Page 428
2 Autumnal Tint......Page 430
MAP A: Greece\r......Page 434
MAP B: Central Greece\r......Page 435
MAP C: Asia Minor\r......Page 436
MAP D: The East\r......Page 437
MAP E: Italy and North Africa\r......Page 438
MAP F, G, H: Latium, Campania, Rome\r......Page 439
APPENDICES......Page 440
SOME ADDITIONAL MYTHS......Page 442
TABLE 12......Page 446
NOTES FOR FURTHER READING......Page 448
CHAPTER I : THE WRATH OF ACHILLES......Page 454
CHAPTER 3: THE RISE OF ZEUS\r......Page 455
CHAPTER 4: APOLLO AND DEMETER......Page 456
CHAPTER 5: THE HOUSE OF AGAMEMNON......Page 457
CHAPTER 6 : PROMETHEUS......Page 458
CHAPTER 8: ANTIGONE......Page 459
CHAPTER 10: DIONYSUS WHO GIVES ECSTASY......Page 460
CHAPTER 12: THE QUEST FOR THE LOST WIFE\r......Page 461
CHAPTER 14: THE QUEST FOR A ROMAN PAST......Page 462
CHAPTER 17: HE DIED FOR LOVE......Page 463
INDEX......Page 464
ii. Menelaus and Hector fighting......Page 491
iv. Ajax carrying the body of Achilles......Page 492
vi. The ghost of Achilles......Page 493
vii. Achilles binding the wounds of Patroclus......Page 494
ix. Odysseus and Diomede......Page 495
x. Leda and the swan......Page 496
xi. Paris judges the beauty of Hera......Page 497
xiii. The austerely rectangular designs of the Geometric art which flourished in the early Iron Age of Greece......Page 498
vii. Odysseus tied to the mast......Page 500
viii. Odysseus and the nymph Calypso......Page 501
xix. Odysseus\' wife Penelope weaving her never-ending tapestry......Page 502
xxi. Gilgamesh of Uruk......Page 503
xxii. The peaks of Mount Olympus......Page 504
xxiv. Marduk standing beside the dragon Tiamat......Page 505
xxvi. Zeus seated, in the presence of Posidon, Apollo, Ilithyia (goddess of child-birth) and Hercules......Page 506
xxvii. Athene: detail of an amphora from Etruria......Page 507
xxix. Hesiod guided by his Muse......Page 508
xxx. Night: one of four statues—Night, Day, Dawn and Dusk—by Michelangelo in the Medici Chapel at Florence......Page 509
xxxi. The divine children of Zeus and Leto......Page 510
xxxiii. The temple of Apollo at Delphi......Page 511
xxxiv. The Minoan Great Mother as Lady of the Snakes: or her priestess.......Page 512
xxxvi. Demeter sits mourning for her daughter......Page 513
xxxviii. Artemis slaying Actaeon who hadlooked upon her nakedness......Page 514
xxxix. Artemis (Diana) surprised by Actaeon......Page 515
xl. Gianbattista Tiepolo (1692-1769) makes the sacrifice of Iphigeniaby her father, Agamemnon......Page 516
xli. A mask of thin gold laid upon the face of a dead......Page 517
xlii\r. Electra (far left) exults, as Clytemnestradiscovers her son Orestes......Page 518
xliii. Designs for the costume of Clytemnestra in the Old Vicproduction of the Oresteia......Page 519
xliv. Prometheus strangling the vulture (or eagle) sent by Zeus to feed upon his liver......Page 520
xlv. Prometheus meditating upon man, whom heis about to bring to life; as Zeus, Posidon,Hermes and Hera watch......Page 521
xlvii. Oedipus puts out his eyes as Jocasta stabs herself......Page 522
l. A Labour of Heracles : on a western island, Erytheia, he fights the three-headed (or three-bodied) monster Gervon, while Athene stands behind him.......Page 523
li. Admetus being told, in the presence of his wife Alcestis, that hemust die unless another volunteers to take his place......Page 524
liii. Silenus, instructor and companion of Dionysus:......Page 525
lv. Satyr carrying off nymph :......Page 526
lvi. The Intoxication of Wine......Page 527
lviii. Pentheus torn apart by Maenads for rejecting Dionysus......Page 528
lix. Athene supervising the construction of the Argo byArgus and Tiphys......Page 529
lxi. Orpheus surrounded by the animals his music charmed......Page 530
lxiii. Orpheus with his lyre, among ghosts from the underworld......Page 531
Claude Lorrain (1600-82) painted serene, nostalgic pictures of Virgil\'sItalian scenes......Page 532
Mars descends through the air to the Vestal Virgin daughter of Numitor, Rhea Silvia, who bore him Romulus and Remus......Page 533
The temple of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva on the Capitol......Page 534
The Rape of the Sabine Women by the Romans,who were afraid their stock would die out......Page 535
Lucretia, violated by Sextus Tarquinius, stabs herself......Page 536
Antonio del Pollaiuolo (1433-98), or a pupil, shows Daphne, chased by Apollo, turning into a laurel tree......Page 537
Thisbe comes upon the dying Pyramus, and stabs herself.......Page 538
Pyramus and Thisbe lie dead beside one another, and shoots of a mulberrytree grow from their bodies......Page 539
The left-hand figure is Narcissus, in the pool; the other figure holds an egg through which narcissus has blossomed.......Page 540
Europa carried off by Zeus (Jupiter) in the guise of a bull......Page 541
The wedding-guest of his friend Pirithous the Lapith, Theseus joined in a fight with the Centaurs who had assaulted Lapith women......Page 542
Ariadne abandoned by Theseus on the island of Naxos (Dia):......Page 543
In her dream Pasiphae wears the horns of the bull that gave her the Minotaur as her son......Page 544
The Minotaur has been a favourite, equivocal subject of Picasso, especially in the 1930s when violence seemed particularly imminent......Page 545
Icarus, given wings by his father Daedalus, flew too near the sun; the wax melted,\' and he fell to his death in the sea.......Page 546
Daedalus, artist, craftsman, inventor, who made wings for himself and his son to escape from Minos of Crete.......Page 547
Head of the Gorgon on a silver coin of Neapolis(Cavalla) in Macedonia (5th century BC).......Page 548
Perseus swoops from the sky to rescue Andromeda......Page 549
Deucalion and Pyrrha, after the Flood, throwing behind them stones (\"their mother\'s bones\") which turned into a new human race......Page 550
Baucis and Philemon receiving Jupiter and Mercury at their humble table.......Page 551
Mercury (Hermes) bringing Psyche to the palace of heaven......Page 552
Cupid carrying off Psyche......Page 553
Procris, spying on her husband Cephalus as he is out hunting, has made the bushes rustle and is accidentally shot and killed by him.......Page 554