My Revision Notes: OCR as Biology a

Cover
Book title
Contents
Module 1 Development of practical skills in biology
	1 Practical skills
		What are practical skills?
		Practical skills assessed in a written examination
Module 2 Foundations in biology
	2 Cell structure
		Microscopes and images
		Cells
	3 Biological molecules
		Water
		Monomers and polymers
		The chemical elements that make up biological molecules
		The key inorganic ions involved in biological processes
		Testing for the presence of biological molecules
	4 Nucleotides and nucleic acids
		The structure of nucleotides and nucleic acids
		The replication of DNA
		The nature of the genetic code
		The synthesis of polypeptides
	5 Enzymes
		The role of enzymes
		The mechanism of enzyme action
		Effects of conditions on enzymes
		Practical investigations
		Enzyme-controlled reactions
	6 Biological membranes
		Roles of membranes in cells
		Membrane structure and permeability
		The movement of molecules across membranes
		Water potential and osmosis
	7 Cell division, cell diversity and cellular organisation
		The cell cycle
		Mitosis
		Meiosis
		Cell specialisation in multicellular organisms
		Tissues, organs and organ systems
		The features and differentiation of stem cells
Module 3 Exchange and transport
	8 Exchange surfaces
		The need for specialised exchange surfaces
		Efficient exchange surfaces
		Ventilation and gaseous exchange in mammals
		Ventilation and gaseous exchange in bony fish and insects
	9 Transport in animals
		The need for transport systems in multicellular animals
		Different types of circulatory systems
		The structure and functions of blood vessels
		Blood, tissue fluid and lymph
		The mammalian heart
		The role of haemoglobin in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
	10 Transport in plants
		The need for transport systems in multicellular plants
		The structure and function of the vascular system
		The process of transpiration
		The transport of water
		Adaptations of plants to the availability of water
		The mechanism of translocation
Module 4 Biodiversity, evolution and disease
	11 Communicable diseases, disease prevention and the immune system
		Pathogens and their transmission
		Primary and secondary immune responses
		The structure and general functions of antibodies
		Types of immunity
		Autoimmune diseases
		The principles of vaccination
		Possible sources of medicines
		Benefits and risks of antibiotics
	12 Biodiversity
		The levels of biodiversity
		Species richness and species evenness
		Simpson’s Index of Diversity
		Genetic biodiversity
		Maintaining biodiversity
	13 Classification and evolution
		Biological classification
		The binomial system
		The features used to classify organisms
		The relationship between classification and phylogeny
		The evidence for the theory of evolution by natural selection
		Different types of variation
		Adaptations of organisms to their environment
		How natural selection can affect the characteristics of a population
		The implications of evolution for humans
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