Mussels: Characteristics, Biology and Conservation

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Mussel Shells’ Thermal Valorisation and Odour Emissions
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
		1.1. Odour Management
	2. Case Study
	3. Methodology
		3.1. Greening the Process
		3.2. Olfactometric Analysis
			3.2.1. Qualitative Analysis
			3.2.2. Quantitative Analysis
			3.2.3. Immission Analysis
		3.3. Results
			3.3.1. Detection of Improvable Flows
			3.3.2. Identification of Solutions
				3.3.2.1. Reception and Storage of Raw Materials
				3.3.2.2. Thermal Treatment
				3.3.2.3. Final Product Management
				3.3.2.4. Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2
Determination of Emerging Metal Pollutants and Toxic Metals in Mussels and Bivalve Mollusks, Very Important Food and Environmental Bio-Monitoring Species
	Abstract
	Experimental
		Reagents, Reference Solutions, and Standard  Reference Materials
		Sampling Area and Sampling Sites
		Sample Preparation before the Instrumental Determination
		Voltammetric Procedure
		Spectroscopic Procedure
		Limits of Detection
		Metals of Interest
			Copper, Lead, Cadmium and Zinc
			Mercury
			Arsenic and Selenium
			Tin and Antimony
			Nickel and Cobalt
			Chromium
			Bismuth
			Vanadium
			Platinum Group Metals (PGMs)
				Determination of PGMs, Part I: Pt(II), Pd(II) and Rh(III)
				Determination of PGMs, Part II: Os(VIII), Ru(III) and Ir(III)
			Thallium
				Analytical Procedure for the Voltammetric Determination of Tl(I)
	Results and Discussion
		Limits of Detection and Linear Range
		Quality Control and Quality Assessment
		Practical Application
		Bio-Remediation
	Conflict of Interests
	References
Chapter 3
Biomarker Responses in  Bivalves Affected by Environmental Stressors Associated  with the Global Climate Change
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Acidification
	Seasonality
	Temperature
	Salinity
	Oxygen Partial Pressure (pO2)
	Biotoxins
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	References
	Biographical Sketches
Chapter 4
Hemocytes of the Ribbed Mussel Aulacomya atra atra from Nuevo  Gulf (Chubut) as Biomarkers  of Oxidative Stress
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Objective
	Materials and Methods
		Zones Selected
		Animal Collection
		Flow Cytometry Studies
		Superoxide Anion Production
		DCFH-DA Oxidation Rate
		Content of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS)
		Quantification of Lipid Radicals by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)-Spin Trapping
		Cardiolipin Content
		Statistical Analyses
	Results
	Discussion
	Acknowledgments
	References
	Biographical Sketches
Chapter 5
The Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Lipid Oxidation during the Processing  of Mytilus edulis chilensis in  the Beagle Channel  (Tierra del Fuego)
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Materials and Methods
		Experimental Design
			Physico-Chemical Determination in the Sampling Area
			TBARS Content
			Lipid Soluble Antioxidants Content
			AscorbylRadical Content (A•)
			AscorbateContent (AH-)
			Statistical Analyses
	Results
	Discussion
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 6
Mussels as Sentinel Organisms in Metal and Metalloid Contamination Scenarios: Environmental and Public Health Risk Bioindicators
	Abstract
	1. Introduction
	2. Metal and Metalloid Toxicity
	3. Mussels as Bioindicators Concerning Environmental Metal and Metalloid Contamination
	4. Subcellular and Molecular Effects  of Metal and Metalloid Exposure:  Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress
	5. Mussel Biomarker Responses against  Metal - and Metalloid-Induced Oxidative Stress
	6. Mussel Responses to Nanoparticle Exposure
	7. Necessary Considerations When Applying Mussels as Bioindicators for Metal and Metalloid Exposure in Aquatic Ecosystems
	8. Mussels and Public Health
	Conclusion
	References
Index
Blank Page