Muscle Biology: The Life History of a Muscle

Front Cover
MUSCLE BIOLOGY
Muscle Biology
Copyright
Contents
Sources of borrowed figures
Preface
Introduction
1 - Mature skeletal muscle—An overview
	The many structural dimensions of muscle
	The neuromuscular junction
	Muscle fiber contraction
	Contractile properties of single muscle fibers and muscle fiber types
	Motor units
	The sensory apparatus of a muscle
	Contraction of an entire muscle
	The role of internal architecture in muscle function
	The role of connective tissue in whole muscle contraction
	Tendons and their connection to muscle and bone
		The myotendinous junction
		The enthesis—the connection between tendon and bone
	Muscle contractions and whole-body movements
	References
2 - Embryonic origins of skeletal muscle
	Origins and cellular migrations
	Morphogenesis of a muscle
	Myogenesis
	References
3 - Normal muscle growth
	Prenatal muscle fiber formation
	Development of muscle fiber types
	Satellite cells and postnatal muscle growth
	Myostatin and the control of muscle growth
	The intrauterine and early postnatal growth environment for muscle
		Metabolic pathways that foster growth
	Systemic factors influencing intrauterine and early postnatal growth
		Factors influencing intrauterine muscle growth
		Factors influencing postnatal muscle growth
	References
4 - Muscle adaptation to increased use
	Muscle adaptations to increased load (strength training) or increased duration of use (endurance training)
		Adaptations to increased load (hypertrophy)
	Adaptations to increased duration of use (endurance exercise)
		Reversal of training gains
		Adaptation to changes in length
	References
5 - Muscle adaptation to decreased use
	Conditions leading to muscle atrophy
		Denervation
		Conditions leading to atrophy of innervated muscles
	The metabolic and molecular basis of muscular atrophy
		UPP pathway
		Calpains and caspases
		Autophagy
		Noncoding RNAs
	References
6 - Muscle injury and regeneration
	The epimorphic regeneration of skeletal muscle
	The tissue regeneration of skeletal muscle
		Types of muscle damage leading to regeneration
		The role of muscle fiber damage and inflammation in muscle regeneration
		Activation of satellite cells
		Regenerative myogenesis
		Gross morphogenesis and internal architecture
		Functional maturation
		Regeneration of muscle spindles
	References
7 - Muscle disorders
	Disorders of muscle fibers
		Disorders of the neuromuscular junction
		Disorders of the sarcolemma and endomysium
		Other disorders of the muscle fiber
	Other disorders affecting muscles
		Metabolic myopathies
		Inflammatory myopathies
		Toxic myopathies
		Fibrosis
	References
8 - The aging of muscle
	Broad measures of aging effects on skeletal muscle
	The structural basis for muscle loss during aging
	Performance measures of aging muscle
	Neuromuscular interactions in aging muscle
	Sarcopenia
	Satellite cells and muscle regeneration in old age
		Intrinsic age-related changes in satellite cells and their progeny
		Environmental influences on satellite cell aging
	Effects of exercise in old age
	References
Glossary
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	L
	M
	N
	P
	Q
	R
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	T
	U
	V
	W
	Z
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