Multiple Originals: New Approaches to Hebrew Bible Textual Criticism

Multiple Originals: New Approaches to Hebrew Bible Textual Criticism......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Lists of Tables & Figures......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 12
Abbreviations......Page 14
THE NATURE OF INFORMATION TRANSFER......Page 16
THE NATURE OF TEXTS......Page 18
STRUCTURE OF THE ARGUMENT......Page 19
CATEGORICAL CLARIFICATIONS......Page 23
PART 1: Theoretical Models......Page 24
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY “ORIGINAL”?......Page 26
THE ISSUE, THE QUESTIONS, AND THE APPROACH......Page 28
CLASSICAL SCHOLARSHIP......Page 29
Musicology: The Case of Handel’s Messiah......Page 39
Medieval French Vernacular Texts......Page 43
Sumerian “Schooldays” Composition......Page 46
Gilgamesh Texts from Mesopotamia......Page 48
Egyptian “Book of the Dead”......Page 49
Sanskrit Texts......Page 53
Sikh Scriptures......Page 56
New Testament......Page 60
Early Text-Critical Observations......Page 65
Modern Textual Categories......Page 72
The “Original” Text......Page 73
INTRODUCTION......Page 78
APPLICATIONS OF ORAL METHODS TO WRITTEN TEXTS......Page 81
INTRODUCTION TO FORMULAIC THEORY......Page 84
THE FORMULA......Page 86
THE “FORMULA” OF PROPHETIC HEADINGS......Page 88
PART 2: Multivalences of Meaning......Page 92
INTRODUCTION: BHQ AND “VOCAL-DIFFER”......Page 94
THE EVOLUTION AND AMBIGUITIES OF VOCALIZATION......Page 96
APPLICATION TO THE VARIANT TYPE “DIFFER-VOCAL”......Page 103
CASES OF “DIFFER-VOCAL” IN BHQ......Page 105
SILENT READING IN ANTIQUITY......Page 106
SUMMARY......Page 108
THE “JANUS” PARALLEL AND OTHER DOUBLE ENTENDRES......Page 109
IMPLICATIONS FOR TEXTUAL CRITICISM......Page 112
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE TEXT......Page 114
APPROACH......Page 115
OVERVIEW OF THE BIBLICAL MANUSCRIPTS OF SONG 1:2......Page 116
THE COMPONENTS OF D-D-Y-K......Page 123
COGNATES AND PARALLELS OF דד......Page 127
COMPARATIVE TEXTS PARALLELING KISSING AND INTERCOURSE......Page 140
Heb דד IN EARLY JEWISH WRITINGS......Page 143
THE “PHOENICIAN SHIFT”......Page 146
A “TRULY” VISUAL PUN?......Page 147
SUMMARY......Page 148
INITIAL AMBIGUITIES......Page 152
GENERAL SURVEY......Page 154
ORIGEN (185–254)......Page 155
GREGORY OF NYSSA (CA. 335–394)......Page 159
GREGORY THE GREAT (CA. 540–604)......Page 161
WILLIAM OF ST. THIERRY (CA. 1080–1184)......Page 162
BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX (CA. 1090–1153)......Page 163
GILBERT OF HOYLAND (D. 1172?)......Page 165
GLOSSA ORDINARIA (CA. 1100–1130)......Page 167
ALAN OF LILLE (CA. 1120–1204)......Page 169
PATROLOGIA LATINA DATABASE (CA. 200–1216 C.E.)......Page 170
GILES OF ROME (CA. 1247–1316)......Page 171
SUMMARY......Page 172
EROS AND ALLEGORY......Page 173
MIDRASH RABBAH (SIXTH TO EIGHTH CENTURIES)......Page 176
RASHI (1040–1105)......Page 178
ABRAHAM IBN EZRA (CA. 1092–1167)......Page 179
GERSONIDES (1288–1344)......Page 181
OVERVIEW......Page 182
GERMAN LUTHER BIBLE CONVERSION......Page 184
LATIN BIBLE CONVERSION......Page 185
INITIAL CONTACT: HEBREW-LATIN BILINGUALS......Page 186
NICHOLAS OF LYRA (~1270–1349)......Page 187
A THIRTEENTH CENTURY LATIN VERSION OF RASHI’S COMMENTARY ON THE SONG......Page 190
MARTIN LUTHER (1483–1546)......Page 192
CHANGE OF SPEAKERS......Page 198
Heb דד AMONG OTHER WORDS FOR “BREASTS” AND “LOVE”......Page 199
ARAMAIC TARGUM......Page 200
SYRIAC PESHITTA......Page 201
METAPHORICAL DOUBLE ENTENDRE FOR GOD AND ISRAEL......Page 202
TEXTUAL STRUGGLES IN THE MIDST OF RELIGIOUS STRUGGLES......Page 203
CONCLUSION: THE IMPACT ON TEXTUAL CRITICISM......Page 205
JANUS PARALLELISM......Page 208
VERSION HISTORIES......Page 209
MIDRASH RABBAH......Page 210
EXPOSITIO HYSTORICA......Page 211
SUMMARY......Page 212
POLITICAL INVECTIVE?......Page 213
PART 3: Multivalences of Text......Page 218
TEXTUAL FLUIDITY IN THE DECALOGUE TRADITIONS......Page 220
PASSAGES RELATING TO THE FIRST SET OF TABLETS......Page 223
PASSAGES RELATING TO THE SECOND SET OF TABLETS......Page 224
DECALOGUE TEXTS IN EXODUS 20 AND DEUTERONOMY 5......Page 225
DIFFERENCES OF ASSESSMENT......Page 228
WHICH NASH TEXT?......Page 230
TRANSCRIPTION OF NASH......Page 235
NASH COMPARED WITH EXODUS 20 AND DEUTERONOMY 5......Page 236
OBSERVATIONS......Page 240
A NOTE OF CAUTION......Page 245
BIBLICAL OR LITURGICAL?......Page 246
PHYLACTERIES (TEFILLIN)......Page 250
METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING FORMULAS AND THE IMPACT ON TEXT CRITICISM......Page 252
FORMULAS VIRTUALLY “SET IN STONE”?......Page 258
A FORMULA FOR “MURDER-ADULTERY-THEFT”?......Page 260
PAUL’S FOUNDATIONAL THEOLOGY AND ITS ALTERNATE TEXTUAL FORMS......Page 264
TEXT-CRITICAL EXPLANATION: CONFUSION OF LETTERS......Page 266
THE TALMUD ON FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES......Page 268
PEACEFUL SURRENDER OR VIOLENT VICTORY? AMOS 9:10–11 AND ITS MULTIPLE FORMS......Page 270
AMOS 9:10–11 AND ITS NEW TESTAMENT CITATION......Page 271
OTHER VERSIONS......Page 272
RECENT STUDIES......Page 273
PART 4: Agendas......Page 278
DIFFERENT AUDIENCES; DIFFERENT STYLES......Page 280
FACTS AND FIGURES......Page 282
DIFFERENT VIEWS ON DIFFERENCES......Page 284
STANDARD CRITICAL EDITIONS......Page 286
PARALLEL TEXTS......Page 287
OTHER OPTIONS......Page 288
Appendix 1: Extended Citations for Chapter 1......Page 292
Appendix 2: Sources for English and German Bibles......Page 296
Appendix 3: Decalogue Text Comparison......Page 300
Bibliography......Page 332
Index of Modern Authors......Page 348
Index of Biblical References......Page 352