Multimedia Systems: Algorithms, Standards, and Industry Practices

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 20
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Multimedia—Past, Present, and Future......Page 26
1 Multimedia: Historical Perspective......Page 27
2.1 Inherent Qualities of Multimedia Data......Page 29
2.2 Different Media Types Used Today......Page 31
2.3 Classification of Multimedia Systems......Page 33
3 A Multimedia System Today......Page 34
4 The Multimedia Revolution......Page 36
5 A Possible Future......Page 38
6 Map of This Book......Page 39
7 How to Approach the Exercises......Page 40
CHAPTER 2 Digital Data Acquisition......Page 42
1 Analog and Digital Signals......Page 43
2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion......Page 44
3 Signals and Systems......Page 49
4 Sampling Theorem and Aliasing......Page 53
5 Filtering......Page 58
6 Fourier Theory......Page 64
7 Exercises......Page 69
Programming Assignments......Page 72
1 Digital Images......Page 76
2 Digital Video......Page 85
3 Digital Audio......Page 94
4 Graphics......Page 98
5 Exercises......Page 102
Programming Assignments......Page 105
1 The Color Problem......Page 106
2 Trichromacity Theory......Page 111
3 Color Calibration......Page 115
4 Color Spaces......Page 120
5 Gamma Correction and Monitor Calibration......Page 129
6 Exercises......Page 130
Programming Assignments......Page 133
CHAPTER 5 Multimedia Authoring......Page 136
1 Examples of Multimedia......Page 137
2 Requirements for Multimedia Authoring Tools......Page 142
3 Intramedia Processing......Page 143
4 Intermedia Processing......Page 149
5 Multimedia Authoring Paradigms and User Interfaces......Page 152
6 Role of User Interfaces......Page 157
7 Device-Independent Content Authoring......Page 159
8 Distributed Authoring and Versioning......Page 161
9 Multimedia Services and Content Management......Page 162
10 Asset Management......Page 163
11 Exercises......Page 164
Programming Assignments......Page 166
COLOR INSERT......Page 10
CHAPTER 6 Overview of Compression......Page 170
1 The Need for Compression......Page 171
2 Basics of Information Theory......Page 172
3 A Taxonomy of Compression......Page 179
4 Lossless Compression......Page 181
5 Lossy Compression......Page 189
6 Practical Issues Related to Compression Systems......Page 200
7 Exercises......Page 202
Programming Assignments......Page 209
CHAPTER 7 Media Compression: Images......Page 212
1 Redundancy and Relevancy of Image Data......Page 214
2 Classes of Image Compression Techniques......Page 215
3 Lossless Image Coding......Page 216
4 Transform Image Coding......Page 218
5 Wavelet Based Coding (JPEG 2000)......Page 226
6 Fractal Image Coding......Page 232
7 Transmission Issues in Compressed Images......Page 235
8 The Discrete Cosine Transform......Page 238
9 Exercises......Page 241
Programming Assignments......Page 246
CHAPTER 8 Media Compression: Video......Page 248
1 General Theory of Video Compression......Page 249
2 Types of Predictions......Page 261
3 Complexity of Motion Compensation......Page 268
4 Video-Coding Standards......Page 272
5 VBR Encoding, CBR Encoding, and Rate Control......Page 279
6 A Commercial Encoder......Page 281
7 Exercises......Page 283
Programming Assignments......Page 290
CHAPTER 9 Media Compression: Audio......Page 294
1 The Need for Audio Compression......Page 295
2 Audio-Compression Theory......Page 296
3 Audio as a Waveform......Page 298
4 Audio Compression Using Psychoacoustics......Page 301
5 Model-Based Audio Compression......Page 308
6 Audio Compression Using Event Lists......Page 310
7 Audio Coding Standards......Page 312
8 Exercises......Page 322
Programming Assignments......Page 325
CHAPTER 10 Media Compression: Graphics......Page 326
1 The Need for Graphics Compression......Page 328
2 2D Graphics Objects......Page 330
3 3D Graphics Objects......Page 331
4 Graphics Compression in Relation to Other Media Compression......Page 334
5 Mesh Compression Using Connectivity Encoding......Page 336
6 Mesh Compression Using Polyhedral Simplification......Page 341
8 Progressive Encoding and Level of Detail......Page 345
9 3D Graphics Compression Standards......Page 347
10 Exercises......Page 353
Programming Assignments......Page 356
CHAPTER 11 Multimedia Networking......Page 358
1 The OSI Architecture......Page 359
2 Local and Wide Area Networks......Page 361
3 Modes of Communication......Page 367
4 Routing......Page 368
5 Multimedia Traffic Control......Page 370
6 Multimedia Networking Performance and Quality of Service......Page 375
7 Multimedia Communication Standards and Protocols......Page 381
8 Exercises 366......Page 391
CHAPTER 12 Wireless Multimedia Networking......Page 394
1 Wireless Versus Wired Technology......Page 395
2 History of Wireless Development......Page 397
3 Basics of Wireless Communications......Page 399
4 Wireless Generations and Standards......Page 413
5 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)......Page 421
6 Problems with Wireless Communication......Page 422
7 Quality of Service (QoS) over Wireless Networks......Page 427
8 2G, 3G, and Beyond 3G......Page 430
9 Exercises......Page 432
CHAPTER 13 Digital Rights Management......Page 436
1 History of Watermarking and Encryption......Page 437
2 Watermarking Techniques......Page 439
3 Encryption Techniques......Page 451
4 Digital Rights Management in the Media Industry......Page 458
5 Exercises......Page 466
Programming Assignments......Page 468
CHAPTER 14 MPEG-4......Page 472
1 General Features and Scope of MPEG-4......Page 473
2 Systems Layer......Page 481
3 Audiovisual Objects......Page 482
4 Audio Objects......Page 489
5 Visual Objects......Page 493
6 Synchronization and Transport in MPEG-4......Page 502
7 Applications Currently Using MPEG-4......Page 504
8 Exercises......Page 505
CHAPTER 15 Multimedia Databases and Querying......Page 510
1 Multimedia Data Versus Multimedia Content......Page 512
2 Multimedia Metadata......Page 514
3 Multimedia Systems and Databases......Page 516
4 Standards for Metadata......Page 519
5 User Interface and Browsing Paradigms......Page 527
6 Examples of Media Database Projects......Page 528
7 Exercises......Page 531
1 The Need for a Unified Framework......Page 534
2 MPEG-21 Objectives......Page 537
3 Digital Items......Page 539
4 Digital Item Identification (DII)......Page 544
5 Digital Item Adaptation......Page 545
6 Digital Item Processing......Page 547
7 Digital Rights Management in Digital Items......Page 549
8 Exercises......Page 553
CHAPTER 17 Concluding Comments and Future Perspectives......Page 556
1 What Has Been Discussed in This Book......Page 557
2 What Has Not Been Covered......Page 558
3 Current Advances and Impacts......Page 559
4 Future Trends......Page 563
Answers......Page 568
Index......Page 570