Multilateralism Under Challenge?: Power, International Order, And Structural Change

Multilateralism under challenge?......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
List of figures......Page 9
Contributors......Page 10
Abbreviations......Page 12
The challenge to multilateralism......Page 16
Multilateralism: Do the forms and norms remain viable?......Page 19
Notes......Page 31
Part I Theme......Page 34
2 Saving humanity from hell......Page 36
Notes......Page 47
3 Communitarian multilateralism......Page 49
The epistemic challenges to multilateralism......Page 51
Constructivism can help......Page 54
Communitarian multilateralism......Page 56
The communitarian multilateralism of NATO and the EU......Page 59
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization......Page 60
The European Union......Page 61
Normative implications of communitarian multilateralism......Page 64
Conclusion......Page 66
Notes......Page 67
4 The contingent legitimacy of multilateralism......Page 71
The twentieth-century theory of multilateral legitimacy......Page 73
Threats to legitimacy: the democratic contradiction......Page 77
Reconstructing the case for normative legitimacy......Page 80
Criteria for comparative legitimacy......Page 81
Implications for the United Nations......Page 84
Improving the accountability of the United Nations Security Council......Page 86
Conclusions......Page 88
Notes......Page 90
5 Power and world order......Page 92
A consensus of sovereignties: the jihadists as catalyst......Page 93
Defining the challenge to world order......Page 97
A parallel from the past......Page 98
The choice of strategies......Page 99
Power, order and unipolarity......Page 103
Balance or concert?......Page 105
Notes......Page 109
6 Multilateralism, sovereignty and normative change in world politics......Page 110
What is normative change in world politics?......Page 111
Multilateralism and the making of the post-war sovereignty regime......Page 114
Why and how does multilateralism promotes normative change?......Page 120
Disembedding nonintervention......Page 124
Notes......Page 128
7 From (alleged) unipolarity to the decline of multilateralism? A power-theoretical critique......Page 134
The indeterminacy of polarity explanations: unipolarity, unilateralism and the logic of Hegemonic Stability Theory in reverse......Page 136
Power: dispositional, relational and multidimensional......Page 137
Unipolarity, influence and legitimacy......Page 139
From the missing measure of power to power perception?......Page 141
Unilateralism as a strategy to redefine power......Page 142
Performative and reflexive aspects of the concept of power......Page 143
US power and special responsibility: justifying exemptionalism......Page 144
The power of unilateralism......Page 145
Conclusion......Page 147
Notes......Page 148
Introduction......Page 154
Status and recognition: sovereignty as a multilateral order......Page 158
Contract and consent: the Concert of Great Powers, their interests and role......Page 162
Functional logic and international organizations: the move to institutions......Page 164
The crisis of multilateralism......Page 168
Notes......Page 172
9 Multilateral crises in historical perspective......Page 175
What is crisis?......Page 176
Multilateral crises in historical perspective......Page 179
Crises in historical perspective......Page 188
Notes......Page 190
Part II Issues and challenges......Page 194
10 Something old, something new: Theoretical perspectives on contemporary international peace and security......Page 196
Classical security problèmatiques: interstate wars and armed aggression......Page 197
Classical security problèmatiques: the problem of hegemony......Page 199
The United States and the promotion of proliferation......Page 200
Revitalizing the security dilemma: American strategic doctrines and deployments as threats to international peace and security......Page 201
The doctrine of extreme preventive attack......Page 202
Intellectual flaws, misperceptions, and the construction of threats: the American case......Page 203
Extreme meliorism......Page 206
Future problems of the hegemon......Page 207
The privatization of armed power: a new medievalism?......Page 208
Sources of the problem......Page 210
Terrorism......Page 212
The security agenda and multilateralism......Page 216
Notes......Page 219
11 Weapons of mass destruction......Page 222
The multilateral WMD world......Page 223
Structural change: the rise of the hegemon......Page 224
US WMD capabilities......Page 225
US WMD capabilities translated into diplomatic leverage......Page 226
Bipartisan hegemony......Page 228
The Bush administration as unilateralist hegemon......Page 229
The end of the bloc system......Page 230
The effects of 11 September 2001......Page 232
Negotiation asymmetry......Page 236
The low-hanging fruit syndrome......Page 238
Institutional decrepitude......Page 239
Compliance lacunae......Page 241
The multilateral success stories......Page 242
Conclusions......Page 245
Notes......Page 246
12 International humanitarianism in the contemporary world: Forms and issues......Page 249
The United Nations system......Page 251
Some history......Page 252
Global governance, multilateralism, effectiveness......Page 256
UN humanitarianism today......Page 259
Some history......Page 260
Mono-nationality, multilateralism, effectiveness......Page 263
Red Cross humanitarianism today......Page 265
Conclusion......Page 267
Notes......Page 269
Introduction......Page 274
Part I. Normative challenges: sovereignty......Page 278
Development of international human rights and humanitarian law......Page 282
National and regional incorporation of human rights norms......Page 285
UN human rights institutions and proposed reforms......Page 288
Measuring human rights......Page 292
Part III. Erosion of universal norms: leadership challenges......Page 293
Conclusion......Page 297
Notes......Page 298
Introduction......Page 304
Introduction......Page 305
The non-participation of hegemons: US Co. Ltd.......Page 306
The nature of public goods and free-riding......Page 309
Lack of good governance at the national level......Page 310
The weakening role of the state in the developed world......Page 311
The general capacity problems of developing countries......Page 312
The rise of hybrid relationships......Page 313
The rise of bilateralism......Page 314
Revisiting environmental multilateralism......Page 315
Notes......Page 318
15 AIDS, power, culture and multilateralism......Page 323
AIDS as a new threat......Page 326
Blocks to multilateralism in the pure science......Page 329
Opportunity/costs and intellectual property rights......Page 331
Market-driven constraints......Page 332
Inter-cultural blocks to effective multilateral actions......Page 333
Grounds of resistance to multilateral Rich World interventions......Page 334
The indispensability of crucial individuals for new forms of multilateral venture......Page 341
The centrality of American money and action......Page 343
Will multilateralism be important in combating future waves of AIDS?......Page 345
Notes......Page 348
16 The uninvited challenge: Terrorism targets the United Nations......Page 351
History and context: pre-9/11......Page 352
History and context: post-9/11......Page 357
The politics of mutual ambivalence......Page 363
Notes......Page 367
17 Civil wars, globalization and the ‘‘Washington Consensus’’......Page 371
The civil war discourse and multilateral action......Page 373
Economics and civil wars......Page 375
Political globalization and instability......Page 378
Legitimacy, sequencing and integrity......Page 382
Multilateralism and civil wars......Page 385
Notes......Page 386
R2P: Where do we stand?......Page 391
R2P: An introduction......Page 394
Multilateral legitimacy: a balance sheet......Page 395
Reforming the Security Council: a contemporary pipe dream......Page 397
The long-lasting unipolar ‘‘moment’’......Page 399
What next?......Page 401
Conclusion......Page 405
Notes......Page 406
Multilateralism and democracy......Page 410
Social movements in a global polity......Page 411
Contested globalizations......Page 413
Social movement - United Nations relationships: three generations......Page 416
Anti-democratic backlash: government and UN responses to transnational challenges......Page 419
The global compact initiative......Page 421
Strategies for enhancing multilateralism......Page 426
Notes......Page 430
Introduction......Page 437
Values and facts in the context of multilateralism......Page 438
Historical overview......Page 439
Multilateralism and the lack of global economic justice......Page 441
Nation state, civil society and plurilateralism......Page 444
Multilateralism and the possibility of global economic justice......Page 448
Conclusion......Page 452
Notes......Page 453
21 From unilateralism to bilateralism: Challenges for the multilateral trade system......Page 456
The development of the multilateral trading system......Page 457
Members of the club......Page 458
Structural change and the risk of unilateralism......Page 462
Bridging the development gap: the bilateral option......Page 467
Conclusion......Page 472
Notes......Page 473
Introduction......Page 475
Definitions and development of the concept......Page 477
European views: the ‘‘great and the good’’......Page 481
A dialogue of the increasingly deaf......Page 486
The coming apart?......Page 491
Notes......Page 494
23 Between a rock and a hard place: Latin America and multilateralism after 9/11......Page 496
From the old to the new Latin American multilateralism......Page 498
The United States and Latin America......Page 499
The choices for middle powers......Page 500
Hemispheric politics between expectations and realities......Page 502
Latin America and the Iraq issue......Page 503
Testing the limits of foreign policy principles......Page 505
On building ‘‘soft power’’......Page 507
The Haitian crisis......Page 510
Electing a new OAS secretary-general......Page 512
By way of conclusion......Page 515
Notes......Page 517
Mutual influence between global and regional settings......Page 519
Regionalism in East and Southeast Asia and post-Cold War reconfiguration......Page 523
The changing security concerns of the two great powers - China and the US......Page 524
Japan......Page 531
The two Koreas......Page 535
ASEAN......Page 537
Obstacles, incentives and mechanisms for multilateralism......Page 538
Notes......Page 541
25 Conclusions: Multilateralism under challenge or in crisis?......Page 546
The future of multilateralism: beyond Westphalia......Page 553
Notes......Page 555
Index......Page 556