Multidisciplinary Approaches to Code Switching (Studies in Bilingualism)

Multidisciplinary Approaches to Code Switching......Page 2
Editorial page\n......Page 3
Title page\n......Page 4
LCC data\n......Page 5
Table of contents......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 8
Introduction......Page 10
Psycholinguistic studies......Page 20
Introduction......Page 22
Code-switching involving unambiguous words......Page 25
Code-switching for ambiguous words......Page 34
Conclusions and future directions......Page 38
References......Page 42
Language selection and performance optimisation in multilinguals......Page 46
Language switch costs and optimisation......Page 49
Relative proficiency and optimisation......Page 51
Optimisation in context......Page 56
Future explorations......Page 63
References......Page 66
3. The neurocognition of switching between languages.......Page 72
Introduction......Page 73
Basic principles and applications of ERPs in language research......Page 74
Review of ERP studies of language switching......Page 77
Language switching with single stimuli: Behavioral evidence......Page 81
Language switching with single stimuli: Review of ERP evidence......Page 83
Switching words embedded in context: Review of ERP evidence......Page 89
Brain regions involved in language switching: Neuroimaging evidence......Page 93
ERP studies on language switching: Concluding remarks......Page 95
ERP studies on language switching: future studies......Page 97
References......Page 99
Introduction......Page 104
CS as a critical state......Page 105
Code switching as state phase transition......Page 107
Triggering in the individual\'s language system......Page 108
Co-activation of elements at different levels......Page 110
The word level......Page 111
The lexical concept level......Page 112
The syntactic procedures level......Page 113
The discourse and gesture level......Page 114
The syllable and articulatory level......Page 115
States of activation......Page 116
Concluding remarks......Page 118
References......Page 119
Introduction......Page 122
Triggered code switching at the lexical level......Page 124
Materials......Page 125
Method......Page 126
Results......Page 129
Materials......Page 131
Results......Page 132
Materials......Page 133
Method......Page 134
Cognates......Page 135
Form and meaning overlap......Page 136
Morphological masking......Page 138
Triggering between speakers......Page 140
Repetitive discourse elements......Page 142
General discussion......Page 144
References......Page 146
6. Two speakers, one dialogue. An interactive alignment perspective on code-switching in bilingual speakers......Page 148
Introduction......Page 149
A mechanistic psychology of dialogue......Page 150
The interactive alignment model of dialogue......Page 152
Toward an interactive alignment model of code-switching in bilinguals......Page 155
Semantic level......Page 156
Syntactic level......Page 157
Lexical level......Page 158
Phonetic level......Page 160
A cognitive account of language interaction in bilinguals......Page 161
An interactive alignment model of code-switching and bilingual processing......Page 163
Studying interactive alignment in code-switching: Methodological aspects......Page 165
Studying the equivalence constraint with the confederate-scripting technique......Page 166
Experiment 1: Code-switching in monologue......Page 167
Experiment 2: Code-switching in dialogue......Page 168
Experiments 1 and 2 compared......Page 170
The confederate-scripting technique as a useful technique for the study of code-switching......Page 171
Conclusion......Page 172
References......Page 173
Introduction......Page 180
Switching and transfer......Page 182
Constraints on language interaction that operate on the syntactic level......Page 184
Constraints on language interaction that operate on the semantic level......Page 186
Constraints on language interaction that operate on the level of lexical category......Page 190
Constraints on language interaction that operate on the concreteness level......Page 191
Role of language environment and language experience......Page 194
Implications for models of bilingual language processing......Page 196
References......Page 199
Sociolinguistic and linguistic studies......Page 206
Introduction......Page 208
Psycholinguistic studies......Page 210
Sociophonetic studies......Page 213
Guiding questions......Page 214
Methodology......Page 215
Results......Page 217
Discussion......Page 219
The sociophonetics of code-switching......Page 221
Conclusion......Page 223
References......Page 224
Introduction......Page 226
Asymmetry as a principle in all bilingual data......Page 228
Uniform structure as a principle......Page 229
Selecting the matrix language......Page 230
The mental lexicon......Page 231
The MLF model......Page 232
The 4-M model......Page 233
Late system morphemes......Page 234
Implications of outsiders in CS......Page 236
Predicting morpheme distribution in CS......Page 237
Prepositions as content morphemes.......Page 238
Prepositions as early system morphemes......Page 240
EL prepositions as bridge system morphemes......Page 243
Prepositions as outsider system morphemes......Page 244
EL prepositions in CS: A summary......Page 245
Subordinating adverbs as content morphemes......Page 246
Coordinating conjunctions as content morphemes......Page 248
Constraints on EL subordinators and coordinators......Page 249
Complementizers as bridge system morphemes......Page 250
Comp elements as late outsider system morphemes......Page 252
Examples of composite CS......Page 253
Quichua-Spanish composite CS......Page 254
Conclusion......Page 257
References......Page 259
Introduction......Page 262
Adjectives in codeswitching......Page 264
The grammatical theory......Page 265
The codeswitching theory......Page 270
The ban on word-internal codeswitching......Page 275
Adjectives in Italian and German......Page 279
Study design and findings......Page 280
The survey......Page 281
The naturalistic data......Page 284
Analysis......Page 285
Relevance to psycholinguistic research......Page 288
The bilingual lexicon......Page 289
Natural language processing and speech processing......Page 290
Bilingual language disorders......Page 291
References......Page 292
11. On the unity of contact phenomena and their underlying mechanisms. The case of borrowing......Page 298
Introduction......Page 299
A framework for contact-induced change......Page 302
Connections between bilingual language mixture and mixed languages......Page 304
Code switching, mixed languages, and recipient language (RL) agentivity......Page 305
Classic code switching and intertwined languages......Page 306
“Island” insertion......Page 308
Language dominance and code-switching......Page 309
Linguistic approaches to insertional code-switching.......Page 312
Relexification and language production......Page 313
Insertion of EL islands......Page 316
Mixed phrasal constituents......Page 317
References......Page 321
Introduction......Page 326
Sociolinguistic corpus studies......Page 327
Change: Synchrony and diachrony......Page 332
Innovation and propagation......Page 333
Causes of change......Page 335
Attractiveness, and the role of Contact Linguistics......Page 338
Case study: yapmak......Page 339
Data......Page 341
Case study 1: Dutch infinitives + yapmak......Page 343
Innovation and propagation......Page 345
Case study 2: Education terms......Page 350
Case study 3: replacement of et- by yap-......Page 351
One schema or many?......Page 352
References......Page 353
Introduction......Page 356
Contrasts in data sets......Page 359
Positive transfer......Page 361
User and interlocutor characteristics......Page 363
Constraints: Definitions and predictions......Page 367
Conclusion......Page 374
References......Page 375
Author index......Page 378
Index of terms......Page 382
The series Studies in Bilingualism (SiBil)......Page 384