Multi-Body Dynamics: Monitoring and Simulation Techniques III

Front Matter......Page 1
7. References......Page 0
Preface......Page 3
Table of Contents......Page 4
1.1 History and Recent Activities......Page 9
1.2 Fundamental Dynamics......Page 10
1.2.2 Kinematics......Page 11
1.2.3 Newton-Euler Equations......Page 12
1.2.4 Equations of Motion......Page 13
1.3.1 Linear Vibration Analysis......Page 14
1.4 Vehicle Vibrations and Control......Page 15
1.5 Structural Vibrations and Contact......Page 17
1.6 Mechanisms and Biped Walkers......Page 18
1.7 Conclusions......Page 19
References......Page 20
Nomenclature......Page 21
2.1 Introduction......Page 22
2.2 Coordinate Redundancy......Page 24
2.3 Finite Element Floating Frame of Reference......Page 25
2.4 Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation......Page 28
2.5 Implementation of Large Deformation Formulations......Page 30
2.6 Numerical Results......Page 32
2.7 Summary and Conclusions......Page 34
References......Page 35
3.1 Introduction......Page 37
3.2 Formulation of the Equation of Motion......Page 39
3.3 Application......Page 49
3.4 Discussions and Conclusions......Page 52
3.5 References......Page 53
Appendix A......Page 54
4.1 Introduction......Page 56
4.3 Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm......Page 57
4.4 Marionette Posture Analysis by PSOA......Page 58
4.5 Conclusions......Page 60
References......Page 61
5.1 Introduction......Page 62
5.1.1 Multibody Simulation......Page 63
5.1.3 Requirements on the Visualization System......Page 64
5.2.2 Visualization of Large Data Sets......Page 65
5.2.4 MSC.ADAMS - Multibody Simulation Tool......Page 66
5.3 Object Oriented Modeling of Multibody Systems......Page 67
5.4.1 Continuous Surface Representations......Page 68
5.5 Classification of Simulation Data......Page 69
5.6.1 Compression of Time-Varying Scalar and Vector Data......Page 70
5.6.2 Storage of Scalar and Vector Data for Fast and Selective Access......Page 71
5.8.1 Body and Surface Rendering......Page 72
5.8.2 Visualizing Multibody Dynamics......Page 73
5.8.3 Vector Data (Forces and Motions)......Page 74
Acknowledgments......Page 75
References......Page 76
Notation......Page 78
6.2.1 Modal Stress Calculation......Page 79
6.2.2 Modified Modal Stress Calculations in LOADS Durability......Page 80
6.2.3 Considering Residual Stresses......Page 82
6.3 The Process......Page 83
6.4 The Application......Page 84
6.6 References......Page 87
7.1 Introduction......Page 88
7.1.1 Multibody Simulations and Simulation Data......Page 89
7.1.2 Problem Definition......Page 90
7.2 A Data Structure for Surface Data Storage......Page 91
7.5 Conclusion......Page 93
References......Page 95
8.1 Introduction......Page 96
8.1.2 Parallel Simulation......Page 97
8.2.1 Visualization of Large Data Sets......Page 98
8.3 A Data Structure for Sub-Surface Data......Page 99
8.5.1 Packing Technique......Page 100
8.6 Conclusion......Page 101
Acknowledgments......Page 102
References......Page 103
Nomenclature......Page 104
9.1 Introduction......Page 105
9.2 The Example......Page 106
9.4 Results......Page 108
9.5 Discussion......Page 112
Acknowledgments......Page 114
References......Page 115
10.1 Introduction......Page 116
10.2 The Multi-Particle System (MPS) Model......Page 117
10.3 Joints and Constraints in a MPS Model......Page 118
10.4 The Formulation for a Mechanism with Rigid Parts......Page 120
10.5 Numerical Example for an Elastic Mechanism......Page 122
10.6 References......Page 124
Nomenclature......Page 126
11.1 Introduction......Page 127
11.2 Development Governing Equations......Page 128
11.3 Stability and Bifurcation......Page 132
11.4 Case Studies......Page 135
11.5 Conclusive Remarks......Page 137
References......Page 138
12.2 MBS/MPS Simulation Module for Civil Engineering Structures......Page 139
12.3 The Multi-Body Systems Approach......Page 140
12.4 The Multi-Particle System Approach......Page 143
12.5 Comparison between MBS and MPS Models......Page 145
References......Page 147
13.1 Introduction......Page 148
13.2 Theoretical Considerations......Page 149
13.4 Conclusions......Page 152
References......Page 153
List of Notation......Page 154
14.1 Introduction......Page 156
14.3.1 Rotor Mass Imbalance Inducing Asymmetric Centrifugal Force......Page 158
14.4.1 Displacement FRFs......Page 159
14.4.2 Member Force FRFs......Page 161
14.6 Conclusions......Page 162
List of Notation......Page 163
15.1 Introduction......Page 164
15.2 Switching Sets and Generic Mappings......Page 165
15.3 Mapping Structures......Page 167
15.4 Stability and Bifurcation......Page 169
15.5 Illustrations......Page 171
15.6 Numerical Simulations......Page 172
References......Page 173
Notation......Page 176
16.1 Introduction......Page 177
16.2 Modal Analysis for the Rigidized Struts......Page 178
16.2.1 Case Study......Page 181
16.3 Modal Analysis for the Supporting Torus......Page 183
16.3.1 Case Study......Page 186
16.4 Modal Analyses for the Circular Lens......Page 188
16.6 References......Page 190
17.1 Introduction......Page 191
17.2 Kinematics of the Linear Beam Element......Page 192
17.3 Description of Elastic Forces......Page 193
17.4 Integration of Elastic Forces......Page 194
17.5 Equations of the Motion......Page 195
17.6 Numerical Results......Page 196
17.7 Conclusions......Page 201
Nomenclature......Page 202
References......Page 203
Abstract......Page 206
18.1 Overview and Introduction to Automobile Drivetrain NVH Problems......Page 207
18.1.2 Transmission Gear Rattle......Page 208
18.1.8 Driveline Clonk......Page 209
18.2 Comment......Page 211
18.4 Multi-Body Dynamics......Page 212
18.5 DOE - Design of Experiments......Page 214
18.6 Examples of MBD Applied to the Resolution of Actual Vehicle NVH Problems......Page 215
18.7 Summary......Page 218
Abstract......Page 219
19.1 Introduction......Page 220
19.2 The Engine Development Process......Page 221
19.3 Integration of the Virtual Test into the Development Process......Page 223
19.5 Durability and NVH Platform Applied to Crank Train Design......Page 224
19.6 Summary......Page 228
Notation......Page 229
20.2 Equations of Motion for a Single-Cylinder Model......Page 231
20.3 Numerical Results for Single-Cylinder Engine......Page 232
20.4 Numerical Results for a Large-Scale Engine Model......Page 234
References......Page 235
Nomenclature......Page 241
21.1 Introduction......Page 242
21.2 Errors in Previous Work......Page 244
21.3 Engine on Flexible Mounts......Page 247
21.3.1 Model Validation and Checking......Page 249
21.3.2 Experiments......Page 250
21.5 References......Page 252
22.1 Introduction......Page 253
22.2 Theoretical Background......Page 254
22.2.1 Body Equations......Page 255
22.2.2 Joint Equations......Page 256
22.3.1 Analysis Procedure......Page 257
22.3.2 Boundary Conditions......Page 258
22.3.4 Creation of Calculation Model......Page 259
22.4 Experimental Analysis......Page 260
22.5.1 Comparison of Measured and Simulated Accelerations......Page 261
22.5.2 Predicted Surface Velocity Levels......Page 265
22.6 Conclusions......Page 267
Nomenclature......Page 268
References......Page 269
23.1 Introduction......Page 270
23.2.1 Experimental Set-up......Page 271
23.2.2 Experimental Findings......Page 273
23.3 Dynamic Analysis......Page 274
23.4 Simulation Results and Comparisons with Measurements......Page 276
Nomenclature......Page 280
References......Page 281
Nomenclature......Page 283
24.1 Introduction......Page 284
24.3 Theory......Page 285
24.3.1 Mesh Stiffness......Page 286
24.3.5 General Mathematical Model......Page 287
24.3.6 Time Domain Simulations......Page 288
24.3.7 Steady State Analysis......Page 289
24.4 Experimental Rig......Page 290
24.5 Results......Page 291
24.7 References......Page 292
Abstract......Page 294
25.1 Introduction......Page 295
25.2 Previous Work......Page 296
25.3.1 Torsional Vibration Model......Page 297
25.3.4 Torsional/Transverse Coupling Geared Systems Using Receptance Theory......Page 298
25.4 Simple Geared System......Page 299
25.4.1 Damping Effects......Page 300
25.4.3 Coupled Transverse Natural Frequencies......Page 301
25.5 Torque Regenerative Gear Box......Page 302
25.6 Conclusions......Page 303
25.7 References......Page 304
26.1 Introduction......Page 305
26.3 Analysis Tool Used......Page 306
26.4.1 General......Page 307
26.4.2.2 Contact Points......Page 308
26.5 Experimental Transmission Error Test Rig......Page 311
26.6.2 Model Description......Page 312
26.9 References......Page 316
27.1 Introduction......Page 317
27.2.1 Responsible Parameters......Page 318
27.3.1 Experimental Investigations......Page 320
27.3.2.1 EKM Simulation Method......Page 321
27.3.2.2 EKM Approximation Method......Page 322
27.4 Correlation of Measurement and Calculation Results......Page 323
27.5.1 External Measures......Page 324
27.5.2 Internal Measures......Page 325
27.6.2 Frictional Locking......Page 326
27.6.5 Momentum Change Locking......Page 327
27.7 Conclusions......Page 330
Nomenclature......Page 331
References......Page 332
28.1 Initial Situation......Page 333
28.2 NVH-Phenomena Caused by the Drivetrain......Page 334
28.3 Vibration Excitation by CV-Joints......Page 335
28.4 Vibrating System "Side Shafts"......Page 338
28.5 Outlook......Page 342
Literature......Page 343
Notation......Page 344
29.1 Introduction......Page 345
29.2 Kinematics......Page 347
29.3.1 Constant Velocity Joint......Page 350
29.4 Conclusion......Page 352
References......Page 353
30. Using Taguchi Methods to Aid Understanding of a Multi-Body Clutch Pedal Noise and Vibration Phenomenon......Page 354
30.1 Clutch System Introduction......Page 355
30.2 Benchmarking Pedal Vibration......Page 356
30.4.2 Response......Page 357
30.4.4 Control Factors......Page 358
30.4.6 Orthogonal Arrays......Page 359
30.4.7 Analysis of Results - Effects Plots......Page 360
30.4.10 Daniel Plots......Page 361
30.4.12 Daniel Plot - Audible Noise......Page 362
30.4.13 Interactions......Page 363
30.4.15 DoE - Results and Discussions......Page 364
References......Page 365
Notation......Page 366
31.1 Introduction......Page 367
31.2 Methodology......Page 368
31.3 The Multi-Body Model......Page 372
31.4 Results - Discussion......Page 374
References......Page 375
Keywords......Page 382
32.1 Introduction......Page 383
32.2 Co-Simulation......Page 384
32.5 Semi-Active Control Model......Page 385
32.8 Co-Simulation with Tyre Model - Phase 1......Page 386
32.10 Conclusions......Page 387
32.11 References......Page 388
33.1 Introduction......Page 391
33.2 Foundations of the Driver Model......Page 392
33.3 Vehicles Models for Control......Page 393
33.4 Controller Architecture......Page 395
33.5 Simulation of Human Behaviour......Page 398
33.7 Conclusions......Page 399
References......Page 401
Nomenclature......Page 404
34.2 Model Set up & Equation Development......Page 405
34.3.1 Sinusoidal Terrain Surface......Page 410
34.3.2 Terrain Surface of Higher Nonlinearity......Page 412
34.3.3 Random Surface......Page 413
34.3.4 Horizontal Resistance......Page 414
34.4 Conclusive Remarks......Page 415
References......Page 416
Notation......Page 417
35.1 Introduction......Page 418
35.2 Mechanical Models......Page 419
35.3 Response Characteristics under Random Road Profiles......Page 420
35.4 Optimization Processes......Page 421
35.6 Summary......Page 422
References......Page 423
36.1 Abstract......Page 427
36.3 Approach......Page 428
36.4.2 Steering Rack Friction......Page 429
36.6 Measurement......Page 430
36.7.1 System Level......Page 431
36.7.2 Vehicle Level......Page 432
36.8 Next Steps......Page 433
36.9 Appendix - Nomenclature......Page 434
37.1 Introduction......Page 435
37.2 Computational Model of the Car......Page 437
37.4 Fortran-Matlab Connection......Page 438
37.5 Human vs Automatic Control in Simulation......Page 439
37.6 Conclusions......Page 444
References......Page 445
Nomenclature......Page 448
38.1 Introduction......Page 449
38.2 Spindle Unit......Page 450
38.3.1 Spindle Model......Page 451
38.3.2 Actuator Model......Page 453
38.3.3 Overall Model......Page 456
38.3.4 Implementation......Page 457
38.3.5 Model Tuning......Page 458
38.4 Discussion and Conclusion......Page 459
38.5 References......Page 460
39.1 Introduction......Page 461
39.2 Drive System......Page 462
39.3 Turning Cutting Process......Page 466
39.5 Simulation......Page 468
39.7 Nomenclature......Page 469
References......Page 470
Nomenclature......Page 471
40.1 Introduction......Page 472
40.2 Experimental Apparatus......Page 473
40.3.1 Model......Page 474
40.3.2.1 Maximum Rate of Change of Pressure......Page 476
40.3.2.2 Step Response......Page 477
40.3.4 Cylinder Model......Page 478
40.5 Conclusions......Page 479
References......Page 480
Notation......Page 482
41.1 Introduction......Page 483
41.2 Ball-Raceway Dynamic Model......Page 484
41.3.1 Inclination Angle of Rotational Axis of Ball......Page 485
41.3.2 Analysis of Ball Skidding......Page 486
41.4.1 Basis of Hydrodynamic Model......Page 487
41.5 Results from the Proposed Cage Hydrodynamic Model......Page 488
References......Page 490
Nomenclature......Page 492
42.1 Introduction......Page 493
42.2.2 Contact Condition......Page 494
42.2.3 Lubricant Rheology......Page 495
42.4.1 Computation Domain......Page 496
42.5 Results and Discussion......Page 497
42.6 References......Page 501
C......Page 505
H......Page 506
M......Page 507
R......Page 508
W......Page 509