Mughal Occidentalism: Artistic Encounters Between Europe and Asia at the Courts of India, 1580-1630

Contents
Acknowledgments
List of Illustrations
Abbreviations and Conventions
Introduction
	Brief Historical Background
	Defining Mughal Occidentalism
	Christian and European Elements in Islamic Art
	Organization of the Book
Chapter 1 Mughal Tolerance and the Encounters with Europe
	Religious Tolerance under Akbar and Jahangir
	Mughals and Europeans: The Encounters
	The Challenge of Primary Sources
	Diplomatic Gifts and “Special” Christian Articles
	The Mughal Elite and Pictures of Mary and Jesus
Chapter 2 Mughal Masters and European Art: Tradition and Innovation at the Royal Workshops
	Copying and Innovation at the Imperial Workshops
	Repurposing the European Masters
Chapter 3 European Articles in Mughal Painting
	European Prints in Mughal Albums
	Visualizing European Articles in Mughal Painting
	The Organ: Plato Making Music
Chapter 4 Landscape Painting as Mughal Allegory: Micro-Architecture, Perspective and ṣulḥ-i kull
	The Mughal Interest in Topography
	Chronology of Change in Landscape Representation
	Images of Urbanism and Agriculture: Diversity and Prosperity
	The Virtuous City and the Circle of Justice
	European Techniques: Sfumato and Atmospheric Perspective
Chapter 5 Concepts of Portraiture under Akbar and Jahangir
	Mughal Terminology and Praxis
	Form, Essence, and Physiognomy
	The Politics of Portraiture
Epilogue
Bibliography
Index