MR Angiography of the Body

Cover......Page p0001.djvu
Foreword......Page p0005.djvu
Preface......Page p0006.djvu
Contents......Page p0007.djvu
1. Flo-Based MRA......Page p0009.djvu
1.2 Phase Contrast (PC) MR Angiography......Page p0010.djvu
References......Page p0011.djvu
2.1 Magnetic Properties......Page p0013.djvu
2.2.2 Superparamagnetic and Ferromagnetic Contrast Agents......Page p0014.djvu
2.4.1.1 Extracellular Fluid Agents......Page p0015.djvu
2.4.1.2 Blood-Pool Agents......Page p0017.djvu
2.4.2 Superparamagnetic Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Particles......Page p0019.djvu
2.5 Safety......Page p0020.djvu
2.6.2.3 Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST)......Page p0021.djvu
References......Page p0022.djvu
3. Image Acquistion Technique and Sequences Contrast-Enhanced MRA......Page p0023.djvu
3.2 Basic Principle of CE-MRA......Page p0024.djvu
3.4.1 Fast 3D Gradient Echo Sequences and Acquisition Technique......Page p0025.djvu
3.4.4 Steady-State Imaging......Page p0027.djvu
3.5 k-Space Filling Strategies......Page p0029.djvu
References......Page p0031.djvu
4.1 Introduction......Page p0032.djvu
4.4.1 Turbulence’s Artifact......Page p0033.djvu
4.5 Hinge Artifact......Page p0034.djvu
4.7 Magnetic Susceptibility Artifacts......Page p0035.djvu
4.10 Patient Artifacts......Page p0036.djvu
4.11.1 The Artifact Due to Projection of Background Noise......Page p0037.djvu
References......Page p0038.djvu
5.2 Multiplanar Reformation (MPR)......Page p0039.djvu
5.3 Maximun Intensity Projection (MIP)......Page p0041.djvu
5.4 Shaded Surface Display (SSD)......Page p0043.djvu
5.5 Volume Rendering (VR)......Page p0044.djvu
5.6 Virtual Endoscopy (VE)......Page p0045.djvu
References......Page p0047.djvu
6.1 The Arteries......Page p0049.djvu
6.1.1.1 The Thoracic Aorta......Page p0050.djvu
6.1.1.2 The Pulmonary Arterles......Page p0054.djvu
6.1.2.1 Visceral Branches......Page p0055.djvu
6.1.2.3 Terminal Branches......Page p0058.djvu
6.1.3.1 Upper Limp......Page p0059.djvu
The Profunda Femoris Artery......Page p0061.djvu
The Popllteal Artery......Page p0062.djvu
The Peroneal Artery......Page p0063.djvu
6.2 The Veins......Page p0064.djvu
6.2.1.1 The Superior Vena Cava......Page p0065.djvu
6.2.2 The Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis......Page p0067.djvu
6.2.2.1 The Portal System of Veins......Page p0069.djvu
6.2.3.1 The Veins of the Upper Limb......Page p0071.djvu
6.2.3.2 The Veins of the Lower Limb......Page p0072.djvu
References......Page p0073.djvu
7. Neck Vessels......Page p0074.djvu
7.1 Technical Considerations......Page p0075.djvu
7.2 Subclavian Arteries......Page p0078.djvu
7.3.1 Atherosclerotic Disease......Page p0079.djvu
7.3.2 Dissection......Page p0083.djvu
7.4.2 Dissection......Page p0084.djvu
References......Page p0085.djvu
8.1 Introduction......Page p0087.djvu
8.2.2 Normal Aortic Anatomy......Page p0088.djvu
8.3.1 Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography (CE-MRA)......Page p0089.djvu
8.3.3 Contrast Dose and Administration......Page p0090.djvu
8.3.5 Black Blood Techniques......Page p0091.djvu
8.3.7 Fundamental Sequences......Page p0092.djvu
8.5.1.2 Histopathology......Page p0093.djvu
8.5.1.3 MR Features......Page p0094.djvu
8.5.1.4 Differential Diagnosis......Page p0095.djvu
8.5.2.1 Clinical Findings......Page p0096.djvu
8.5.2.3 MR Features......Page p0097.djvu
8.8 Post EVAR Evaluation......Page p0098.djvu
8.9.1 Normal MR Pulmonary Vessels Anatomy......Page p0100.djvu
8.9.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Angiography......Page p0101.djvu
8.9.3.3 BFFE Imaging......Page p0102.djvu
References......Page p0103.djvu
9.1 Introduction......Page p0105.djvu
9.2 Technological Requirements......Page p0106.djvu
9.3.2 Making a Good Contrast......Page p0107.djvu
9.3.3 From 2D to 3D: Whole Heart CMRA......Page p0108.djvu
9.3.4 New Benefi ts from Parallel Imaging......Page p0109.djvu
9.4 Clinical Applications......Page p0110.djvu
9.5 MRA Coronary Stenting and Bypass......Page p0111.djvu
9.6 Functional Evaluation of Coronary Arteries and Bypass......Page p0112.djvu
References......Page p0113.djvu
10.1 Introduction......Page p0115.djvu
10.2.2 Phase Contrast......Page p0116.djvu
10.3.1.1 Atherosclerotic and Infl ammatory Aneurysms......Page p0117.djvu
10.3.1.2 Infected Aneurysm......Page p0118.djvu
10.3.1.5 Control of Vascular Stents and Endoleak......Page p0119.djvu
10.3.1.6 Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Erdheim-Chester Disease......Page p0120.djvu
10.3.2 Renal Arteries......Page p0121.djvu
References......Page p0125.djvu
11.1 Introduction......Page p0126.djvu
11.2 Lower Limb......Page p0127.djvu
11.2.1 Steno-Occlusive Disease......Page p0128.djvu
11.2.2 Aneurysms......Page p0130.djvu
11.2.3 Popliteal Entrapment......Page p0131.djvu
11.3 Upper Limb......Page p0132.djvu
11.3.1 Steno-Occlusive Disease......Page p0134.djvu
11.3.3 Takayasu’s Arteritis......Page p0135.djvu
References......Page p0138.djvu
12.1.1 Introduction......Page p0141.djvu
12.1.2 Vascular Anatomy......Page p0142.djvu
12.1.3 Vascular Imaging......Page p0143.djvu
12.1.4 MR Angiography......Page p0144.djvu
12.1.4.1 MRA Study Technique......Page p0145.djvu
12.2.3 Complications After Orthotopic Liver Transplants......Page p0146.djvu
12.2.3.1 Vascular Complications......Page p0147.djvu
12.2.4 MR Angiography in OLT......Page p0149.djvu
References......Page p0150.djvu
13.1 Introduction......Page p0152.djvu
13.3 Transplants and Diagnostic Imaging......Page p0153.djvu
13.4.1 Study Technique......Page p0154.djvu
13.5 MR Angiography and Vascular Complications of Pancreatic Transplant......Page p0155.djvu
13.6 MR Angiography and Vascular Complications of Kidney Transplant......Page p0158.djvu
References......Page p0162.djvu
Subject Index......Page p0164.djvu
List of Contributors......Page p0169.djvu