Monkeys on the edge : ecology and management of long-tailed macaques and their interface with humans

Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 4
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 10
Foreword: Thirteen ways of looking at a monkey......Page 13
Preface......Page 15
Acknowledgements......Page 19
Part I The status and distribution of long-tailed macaques......Page 23
1 The common monkey of Southeast Asia: Long-tailed macaque populations, ethnophoresy, and their occurrence in human environments......Page 25
Habitat preferences......Page 28
Distribution of subspecies......Page 29
Subspecies characterization......Page 31
Population status of each subspecies......Page 32
Intra-subspecific variation......Page 33
Republic of Mauritius, East Africa......Page 37
Ngeaur Island, Republic of Palau......Page 38
Kowloon Hills, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China......Page 39
Kabaena Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia......Page 40
Tinjil Island, West Java, Indonesia......Page 41
The human-macaque interface......Page 45
Temples and religious sites......Page 48
Monkey islands......Page 50
Human settlements......Page 51
Pets and performing macaques......Page 53
Agricultural areas and crop-raiding......Page 55
Conclusions......Page 57
References......Page 58
Introduction......Page 67
Study region and interviews......Page 69
Population estimation......Page 71
Interview reports on distribution......Page 72
Field survey results......Page 78
Population estimate......Page 80
Human-macaque relationships......Page 81
Habitat degradation and fragmentation......Page 83
Conclusions......Page 86
Acknowledgements......Page 90
References......Page 91
Introduction......Page 94
Methods......Page 96
Distribution and present status of long-tailed and rhesus macaques in southern Laos......Page 99
Pet macaques......Page 103
Bushmeat Markets......Page 104
Monkey farms......Page 110
Threats to long-tailed macaques in Laos......Page 111
Sympatric relationship between long-tailed and rhesus macaques......Page 112
Hybridization between rhesus and long-tailed macaques......Page 113
Influences from human activity......Page 115
Conclusion......Page 116
References......Page 117
Part II The human–macaque interface......Page 121
Introduction......Page 123
Study site......Page 125
Population survey......Page 126
Behavioral sampling method......Page 127
Population survey......Page 128
Human-macaque conflict......Page 130
Student perceptions and attitudes......Page 131
Discussion......Page 132
References......Page 135
Introduction......Page 140
Questionnaire survey......Page 141
Animal capture......Page 142
Interviews......Page 144
Visual observations......Page 145
Information from the questionnaire survey......Page 146
Information from the field survey......Page 147
Translocation of long-tailed macaques......Page 155
Sympatry between long-tailed and heterospecific macaques......Page 157
Contraception on long-tailed macaques......Page 161
Conflict and commensalism between long-tailed macaques and humans......Page 162
Human and macaque groups......Page 163
Provisioning......Page 164
Interactions......Page 165
Management......Page 166
Discussion......Page 168
Information from the questionnaire survey......Page 169
Hybridization between long-tailed and rhesus macaques......Page 170
Preliminary interviews and field observations at Lopburi......Page 171
Conclusion......Page 172
References......Page 173
Introduction......Page 181
Methods......Page 183
Demographic patterns......Page 185
Activity patterns......Page 188
Dietary patterns......Page 189
Infanticide......Page 191
Demographics......Page 192
Immigration/emigration......Page 193
Activity patterns and feeding/provisioning......Page 194
Infanticide......Page 195
Relevance of studying a macaque population in a highly anthropogenic environment......Page 196
Conclusions......Page 197
References......Page 198
Introduction......Page 205
Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1......Page 206
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)......Page 209
Simian foamy virus (SFV)......Page 210
Simian type D retrovirus (SRV)......Page 211
Ebola Reston virus......Page 212
Tuberculosis......Page 213
Endemic human respiratory viruses......Page 215
Malaria......Page 217
Management considerations......Page 218
References......Page 219
Part III Ethnophoresy of long-tailed macaques......Page 227
Introduction......Page 229
The topography, climate, and vegetation of Mauritius......Page 231
Macaques in Mauritius......Page 233
Our comparative study of the Mauritian macaques......Page 235
Group size and structure......Page 238
Social organization – interactions within groups......Page 241
Activity cycles......Page 242
Locomotion and choice of forest strata......Page 244
Diet and feeding behavior......Page 245
Home and day-ranging behavior......Page 247
Interactions between the macaques and humans on Mauritius......Page 249
References......Page 252
Introduction......Page 258
The introduction of Macaca fascicularis to Mauritius......Page 260
Perceptions of Macaca fascicularis in Mauritius......Page 262
Macaca fascicularis, the conservationist......Page 265
Conservation projects funded by a pest species – a breeder’s perspective......Page 266
Mauritius project......Page 267
Rodrigues project......Page 268
Conclusion......Page 271
References......Page 272
10 Ethnophoresy: The exotic macaques of Ngeaur Island, Republic of Palau......Page 274
Introduction of macaques to Palau......Page 278
The macaque is a serious pest in Palau......Page 279
1994 Ethnoprimatological survey......Page 280
Eradication programs......Page 282
Benefits of macaques......Page 284
Discussion......Page 285
Recommendations for management......Page 290
Acknowledgements......Page 291
References......Page 292
Part IV Comparisons with rhesus macaques......Page 295
Introduction......Page 297
Results......Page 298
Aligarh District population......Page 300
Discussion......Page 302
Acknowledgements......Page 310
References......Page 312
Part V Understanding and managing the human–macaque interface......Page 315
Potential goals for managing the human-macaque interface......Page 317
Managing the environment: Landscaping the human-macaque interface......Page 318
Disposal of refuse......Page 324
The macaque dimension......Page 326
Controlling macaque population size......Page 327
The human dimension......Page 335
Options to control crop-raiding macaques......Page 337
Island colonies......Page 338
Managing introduced populations......Page 339
Human-to-macaque transmission......Page 340
Management considerations of health risks in specific contexts......Page 342
Managing interface zones: The role of governance......Page 344
Conclusion......Page 346
References......Page 347
Directions for population-level research......Page 350
The question of conserving long-tailed macaques......Page 352
Understanding ethnophoresy and colonization......Page 354
Research approaches for studying the human–macaque interface......Page 358
The ethnoprimatological approach......Page 359
The evolutionary biological approach......Page 362
Long-term research and human-macaque communities......Page 366
Conclusion......Page 367
References......Page 370
Index......Page 376