Molecular Physics

Preface ......Page 6
Contents ......Page 8
Sec.l. Methods of Investigating Many-particle Systems ......Page 16
Sec. 2. Mathematical Concepts ......Page 25
Sec. 3. Macroscopic and Microscopic States of a System ......Page 41
Sec. 4. The Equal Probability Postulate and the Ergodic Hypothesis ......Page 44
Sec. 5. The Probability of a Macroscopic State ......Page 52
Sec. 6. Fluctuations ......Page 67
Sec. 7. The Canonical Ensemble. Gibbs Distribution ......Page 73
Sec. 8. Maxwell Distribution ......Page 78
Sec. 9. Boltzmann Distribution ......Page 92
Sec. 10. Pressure ......Page 102
Sec. 11. Temperature ......Page 111
Sec. 12. Distribution of Energy among the Degrees of Freedom ......Page 120
Sec. 13. Brownian Movement ......Page 129
Problems ......Page 135
Sec. 14. The First Law of Thermodynamic ......Page 138
Sec. 15. Differential Forms and Total Differentials ......Page 144
Sec. 16. Reversible and Irreversible Processes ......Page 149
Sec. 17. Heat Capacity ......Page 151
Sec. 18. Processes in Ideal Gases ......Page 161
Sec. 19. Entropy of Ideal Gas ......Page 169
Sec. 20. Cyclic Processes ......Page 174
Sec. 21. Absolute Thermodynamic Temperature Scale ......Page 186
Sec. 22. The Second Law of Thermodynamics ......Page 194
Sec. 23. Thermodynamic Functions and the Conditions of Thermodynamic Stability ......Page 211
Problems ......Page 223
Sec. 24. Various Models of the Behaviour of Particles ......Page 226
Sec. 25. The Fermi-Dirac Distribution ......Page 228
Sec. 26. Bose-Einstein Distribution ......Page 231
Sec. 27. The Electron Gas ......Page 233
Sec. 28. The Photon Gas ......Page 241
Problems ......Page 245
Sec. 29. Forces of Interaction ......Page 248
Sec. 30. Liquefaction of Gases ......Page 257
Sec. 31. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation ......Page 263
Sec. 32. Van der Waals Equation ......Page 266
Sec. 33. Joule-Thomson Effect ......Page 285
Sec. 34. Surface Tension ......Page 295
Sec. 35. Evaporation and Boiling of Liquids ......Page 303
Sec. 36. Structure of Liquids. Liquid Crystals ......Page 312
Sec. 37. Liquid Solutions ......Page 318
Sec. 38. Boiling of Liquid Solutions ......Page 322
Sec. 39. Osmotic Pressure ......Page 325
Sec. 40. Chemical Potential and Phase Equilibrium ......Page 327
Sec. 41. Phase Rule ......Page 330
Problems ......Page 332
Sec. 42. Symmetry of Solids ......Page 336
Sec. 43. Crystal Lattice ......Page 339
Sec. 44. Defects of Crystal Lattices ......Page 347
Sec. 45. Mechanical Properties of Solids ......Page 348
Sec. 46. Heat Capacity of Solids ......Page 357
Sec. 47. Crystallization and Melting ......Page 373
Sec. 48. Alloys and Solid Solutions ......Page 382
Sec. 49. Polymers ......Page 384
Problems ......Page 391
Sec. 50. The Types of Transport Processes ......Page 394
Sec. 51. Kinematic Characteristics of Molecular Motion ......Page 395
Sec. 52. Transport Processes in Gases ......Page 403
Sec. 53. Relaxation Time ......Page 416
Sec. 54. Physical Phenomena in Rarefied Gases ......Page 421
Sec. 55. Transport Phenomena in Solids ......Page 426
Sec. 56. Transport Phenomena in Liquids ......Page 430
Sec. 57. Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes ......Page 432
Problems ......Page 441
Appendix 1. SI Units Used in Molecular Physics ......Page 443
Appendix 2. Physical Constants ......Page 445
Subject Index ......Page 446