Molecular Environmental Soil Science at the Interfaces in the Earth’s Critical Zone

Cover......Page 1
Molecular Environmental Soil Science\rat the Interfaces in the\rEarth’s Critical Zone......Page 3
ISBN 9783642052965......Page 4
International Scientific Committee......Page 6
National Scientific and Organizing Committee of China......Page 7
Sponsors......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Table of Contents\r......Page 12
Plenary lectures by IUPAC\rScientists......Page 19
Advances in the Use of Synchrotron Radiation to Elucidate Environmental Interfacial\rReaction Processes and Mechanisms in the Earth’s Critical Zone......Page 21
Microbial Role in Global Biogeochemical Cycling of Metals and Metalloids at the Interfaces\rin the Earth’s Critical Zone......Page 23
Session 1 The Role of Mineral Colloids in Carbon Turnover and Sequestration\rand the Impact on Climate Change......Page 27
Soils as Source and Sink of Environmental Carbon Dioxide......Page 29
Introduction......Page 31
Chemical Protection......Page 32
References......Page 33
Unravelling the Biogeochemical Cycles of Carbon and Nutrients in Forest Ecosystems:\rInnovative Approaches with Advanced Stable Isotope and NMR Techniques as well as Soil\rChemical and Physical Methods......Page 35
Effects of Soil Management from Fallow to Grassland on Soil Microbial and Organic Carbon\rDynamics......Page 38
Effect of Long-term Fertilization on the Sequestration Rate of Physical Fractions of Organic\rCarbon in Red Soil of Southern China......Page 41
Abiotic Catalysis of the Maillard and Polyphenol-Maillard Humification Pathways by Soil\rClays from Temperate and Tropical Environments......Page 44
Effect of Organic Matter Application on CP-MAS-13C-NMR Spectra of Humic Acids from\ra Brown Soil......Page 47
The Composition and Organic Carbon Distribution of Organo-mineral Complex in a\rBlack Soil as Influenced by Land-use Change and Long-term Fertilization......Page 50
Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter Derived from Rice Straw at Different\rDecay Stages......Page 53
Organic Fertility of Severely Eroded Soils: Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization\rand Cropping Patterns......Page 56
Session 2 Biogeochemical Interfacial Reactions and the Transformation,\rTransport and Fate of Vital and Toxic Elements......Page 59
Introduction......Page 61
References......Page 63
Biogeochemical Processes of Arsenic in Paddy Soils......Page 65
Soil Microorganism-mineral-organic Matter Interactions\rand the Impact on Metal Mobility......Page 67
Rhizosphere Processes and Management for Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency and Crop\rProductivity......Page 70
Effect of Soil Hg Stress on Expression of Heat Shock Protein Gene in\rSpringtail Folsomia Candida......Page 73
Materials and Methods......Page 76
Results and Discussion......Page 77
References......Page 79
Materials and Methods......Page 80
Results and Discussions......Page 81
References......Page 82
Sorption, Transformation and Migration of Zn in Some Soils with Percolated\rWater Regime......Page 84
Speciation and Biochemical Transformations of Sulfur and Copper in Rice Rhizosphere\rand Bulk Soil—XANES Evidence of Sulfur and Copper Associations......Page 87
Population Dynamics of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea and Relationships\rwith Nitrification Rate in New Zealand Grazed Grassland Soils......Page 90
Plant Clonal Systems as a Strategy for Nitrate Pollution Removal in Cold Latitudes......Page 93
Effect of Ionic Strength on Phosphate Adsorption......Page 96
Effect of Ionic Strength on Cu(II) Adsorption......Page 97
References......Page 98
Introduction......Page 99
Verification of the Theory......Page 100
Electrolyte Concentration Dependence of the Electrostatic Repulsive Force......Page 101
References......Page 102
Kinetics of As(III) and Cr(III) Oxidation by OH-birnessites with Various Average\rOxidation States (AOSs)......Page 103
Adsorption/Desorption Kinetics of Zn in Soils: Influence of Phosphate......Page 106
Bioavailability and Redistribution of Trace Metals in Soil Washed with a\rSulfosuccinamate Formulation......Page 109
Fractions of Cd, Zn and Their Correlation with Soil Black Carbon in Contaminated Soils\rAffected by a Smelting Furnace......Page 112
Formation of the Metal Complexes between Protoporphyrin IX and Divalent Metal\rCations in the Environment......Page 115
The Impact of Urban Activities on Heavy Metal Distribution and Bioavailability Index in\rSelected Tropical Urban Soils......Page 118
Nitrate Accumulation as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Foliar Application of Micronutrients in Rocket Plant......Page 121
Materials and Methods......Page 122
Plant Growth Parameters......Page 123
NO3-N, NO2-N and Nitrate Reductase Activity......Page 124
N%, Fe and Mo (mg·kg-1)......Page 125
Conclusion......Page 126
References......Page 127
Fractions of Heave Metals in Paddy Fields and Their Spatial Relationship to Rice Plant......Page 128
Competitive Sorption of Nickel and Cadmium in Soils......Page 130
Interaction Effect between P and K Fertilization on Faba Bean Plant (Vicia faba L.)\rGrown under Salt Affected Soils......Page 133
Design of a POSS-modified Zeolite Structure and the Study of the Enhancement of\rAmmonia-nitrogen Removal from Drinking Water......Page 136
Study on Immobilizing Soil Exogenous Lead Using Phosphate Rock......Page 139
Long-term Fertilizer Application Alters the Balance and Vertical Distribution of\rPhosphorus in a Calcarosol......Page 142
Nitrate Nutrition But Not Rhizosphere pH Enhances Zinc Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi\rcaerulescens (Prayon)......Page 145
A. Preparation of Al13-Oxalate Precipitate......Page 148
A. FTIR......Page 149
B. XPS......Page 150
References......Page 151
Short-term Changes of pH Values and Aluminium Activity in Acid Soils after the\rApplication of Nitrogen Fertilizers......Page 152
Materials and Methods......Page 155
Results and Discussion......Page 156
References......Page 158
Impacts of Copper on Rice Growth and Yield as Affected by Pig Manure......Page 159
Materials and Methods......Page 162
Results and Discussion......Page 163
References......Page 165
Does Iron Plaque Improve the Uptake and Translocation of Lead by Broad-leaf Cattail in\rLead-contaminated Soils......Page 166
The Influence of Zn2+ and Mn2+ on Pb2+ Adsorption Behaviors of Birnessite......Page 169
Removal of Arsenite in Water Using Biogenic Schwertmannite as Adsorbent......Page 172
Introduction......Page 175
Wien Effect Measurement Procedure......Page 176
EC-Field Strength Relationships......Page 177
References......Page 178
Can Zn, Ca and Sulfate Amendments Affect Cadmium Uptake in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)......Page 179
Dynamics of As Species in the Interface of Soil and Rice Roots under Three Water\rRegimes......Page 182
Extra Supply of Calcium Is Not Required for Maximal Root Growth in the Nitrate and\rPhosphorus-rich Patch in an Acid Soil......Page 185
Introduction......Page 188
Pot Experiment......Page 190
Cadmium Concentration in Plants......Page 191
Concentrations of Bioavailable Cadmium in the Rhizosphere and Bulk Soil after Harvesting......Page 192
References......Page 193
Session 3\rAnthropogenic Organics, Crop\rProtection and Ecotoxicology......Page 197
Interaction of Anthropogenic Organic Chemicals with Organic Matter\rin Natural Particles......Page 199
Decontamination of Soils through Immobilization of\rAnthropogenic Organics by Biotic and Abiotic Catalysts......Page 200
Effects of “Aging” on Bioreactive Chemical Retention, Transformation,\rand Transport in Soil......Page 202
Interaction of Bttoxin with Organo-mineral Surfaces and Consequences\rfor Its Fate in the Environment......Page 205
Microbial and Abiotic Interactions between Transformation of Reducible Pollutants and\rFe(II)/(III) Cycles......Page 208
Assessment of Availability of Phenanthrene and Pyrene in Aging Soil......Page 211
Introduction......Page 214
Results and Discussion......Page 215
References......Page 216
Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons\rand Its Ecologically Enhanced Techniques......Page 218
Sampling of Rhizosphere Soils......Page 221
Results and Discussion......Page 222
Reference......Page 223
Spectral Studies of the Toxin of Bt Adsorbed by Minerals......Page 225
Genotypic Differences in Responses of Wheat (Triticum durum) Roots to Oxytetracycline......Page 228
Materials and Methods......Page 231
Changes in Reduction of Aroclor 1242 Over Time......Page 232
Changes in Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)Concentrations Over Time......Page 233
References......Page 234
Introduction......Page 235
Environmental Factors Affecting POPs Activity in Soil......Page 236
POPs Activity in the Presence of Organic Matter......Page 237
Reference......Page 238
Materials and Methods......Page 0
Effect of Crude Water Extract of Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis on the Removal of\rPhenanthrene and Pyrene from Contaminated Soils......Page 241
Distribution Pattern, Sources and Potential Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in\rUrban Soils of Fuzhou City, China......Page 244
Thermal Degradation of Chloroteracycline in Animal Manure and Soil......Page 247
Introduction......Page 250
Reagents......Page 251
Soil Microbial Biomass (SMCB) Dynamics......Page 252
Atrazine Dissipation......Page 254
Rerefences......Page 256
Session 4 Environmental Nanoparticles: Distribution, Formation, Transformation,\rStructural and Surface Chemistry, and Biogeochemical and Ecological Impacts......Page 259
Soil Science at the Nanoscale: A New View of Structure, Stability, and Reactivity......Page 261
Environmental and Colloidal Behavior of Engineered Nanoparticles......Page 264
Humic Substances as Natural Nanoparticles Ubiquitous in the Environment......Page 267
Introduction......Page 269
Results and Discussion......Page 270
References......Page 271
Effect of Electrolyte on Adsorption/Desorption of Cu2+ on Nano-particle Mn Oxide......Page 273
Sorbents and Sorbates......Page 276
Surface Area and Pore Distribution......Page 277
References......Page 278
Adsorption and Inhibition of Butyrylcholinesterase by Different Nanoparticles......Page 280
Materials and Methods......Page 283
Results and Discussion......Page 284
References......Page 285
Introduction......Page 287
Results......Page 288
References......Page 291
Materials and Methods......Page 293
Results and Discussion......Page 294
References......Page 296
Surface and Adsorption Characteristics of Black Carbon from Different Sources......Page 297
A High-resolution TEM Investigation of Nanoparticles in Soils......Page 300
Adsorption and Desorption of Tylosin on the Colloidal Fractions of Black Soil......Page 303
Session 5 Environmental Processes and Ecosystem Health......Page 307
Spatial and Temporal Dimensions of Environmental Processes in Soils - \rAn Integrated Approach......Page 309
Emission, Fate and Exposure Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in China......Page 311
Substrate and Enzyme Diversity in Soils......Page 312
Soil Enzyme Ecology......Page 313
References......Page 314
Influence of Solution Composition on the Exfoliation of Organic Matter\rfrom a Model Soil System......Page 316
Transfer of Soil Nickel to Crops in Suburban Areas and Their Healthy Risk\rin Fujian Province, Southeast China......Page 319
Transformation Dynamics and Memory Effect of Soil Amino Sugars Amended with\rAvailable Substrates......Page 322
Introduction......Page 325
Results and Discussion......Page 326
References......Page 327
Effects of Depleted Uranium on Soil Microbial Activity: A Bioassay Approach Using\r14C-labeled Glucose......Page 329
Is the Alkalinity within Agricultural Residues Soluble......Page 332
Soil Micro-interfaces Control the Fate of Pollutants in Soil Environment......Page 335
Soil Microbial Biomass and pH as Affected by the Addition of Plant Residues......Page 338
Changes of Soil Enzyme Activities in the Process of Karst Forest Degradation in\rSouthwest China......Page 341
Effect of cry1Ab Gene Transformation on the Microbial Mediated Decomposition of Rice\rResidues under Intensive Rice Cropping System......Page 343
Characterization of Microbial Community and Phosphorus-releasing Bacteria in the\rSediments of a Eutrophic Shallow Lake, Eastern China......Page 346
Carbon Compounds Differ in Their Effects on Soil pH and Microbial Respiration......Page 349
Effects of Soil Water Content on Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Structure Based on\rPhospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis......Page 352
Materials and Methods......Page 355
Results and Discussions......Page 356
Refereces......Page 358
Author Index......Page 361