Module 03 For B1 Certification. Electrical Fundamentals

Module 03 Electrical Fundamentals
	Welcome
	Revision Log
	Forward
	EASA License Category Chart
	General Knowledge Requirements
	Contents
	Sub‑Module 01
		Electron Theory
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.1 ‑ Electron Theory
			Structure and Distribution of Electrical Charges within Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Compounds
				Matter
				Elements
				Compounds
				Molecules
				Atoms
				Ions
				Electrons, Protons, And Neutrons
			Molecular Structure of Conductors, semiconductors and Insulators
				Electron Shells And Energy Levels
					Valence Electrons
					Ionization
					Free Electrons
				Electron Movement
					Conductors
					Insulators
					Semiconductors
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 02
		Static Electricity and Conduction
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.2 ‑ Static Electricity and Conduction
			Electrostatic Laws of Attraction and Repulsion
				Static Electricity and Electrostatic Charges
				Triboelectric Effect
				Attractive And Repulsive Forces
					Contact Induced Separation
					Charge Induced Separation
				Electrostatic Field
				ESD Considerations
					Static Build‑up with Flammable Materials
			Units of Charge; Coulomb's Law
			Conduction in Solids, Liquids, Gases and a Vacuum
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 03
		Electrical Terminology
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.3 ‑ Electrical Terminology
			Electrical Terms, Their Units, and the Factors Affecting Them
				SI Prefixes Used For Electrical Calculations
				Potential Difference
				Electromotive Force (Voltage)
					The Unit of Volt
				Current
				Resistance
				Conductance
				Charge
				Conventional Flow And Electron Flow
					Conventional Flow
					Electron Flow
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 04
		Generation of Electricity
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.4 ‑ Generation of Electricity
			Production of Electricity
				Light
				Heat
				Friction
				Pressure
				Chemical Action
				Magnetism and Motion
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 05
		DC Sources of Electricity
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.5 ‑ DC Sources of Electricity
			Construction and Chemical Action of Primary Cells, Secondary Cells, Lead Acid Cells, Nickel Cadmium Cells and Other Types of Cells
				Primary Cell
					Alkaline Batteries
				Secondary Cell
					Lead Acid Cells
					Nickel Cadmium (NiCad) Cells
					Sealed Lead Acid Batteries
					Lithium Ion Batteries
			Cells Connected in Series or Parallel
			Internal Resistance and its Effect on a Battery
			Construction, Material, and Operation of Thermocouples
			Operation of Photo Cells
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 06
		DC Circuits
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.6 ‑ DC Circuits
			Ohm's Law, Kirchoff's Voltage and Current Laws and Related Calculations
				Simple DC Circuits and Ohm's Law
					Voltage Drops and Further Application of Ohm's Law
					Voltage Sources in Series
				Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
					Voltage Dividers
			Determining the Voltage Divider Formula
				Parallel DC Circuits
					Voltage Drops
					Total Parallel Resistance
					Resistors in Parallel
					Two Resistors in Parallel
				Current Source
					Kirchhoff's Current Law
					Current Dividers
				Series Parallel DC Circuits
				Determining the Total Resistance
			Internal Resistance of a Supply (Battery)
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 07
		Resistance/Resistor
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.7 ‑ Resistance/Resistor
			Resistance and Affecting Factors
				Ohm's Law (Resistance)
				Resistance of a Conductor
				Factors Affecting Resistance
				Resistance and Wire Sizing
					Rectangular Conductors
			Specific Resistance
			Resistor Color Code, Values, Tolerance, and Wattage Ratings
				Fixed Resistors
				Carbon Composition
				Wire Wound Resistors
				Resistor Color Code
				Resistor Values and Tolerance
				Wattage Ratings
			Calculations of Resistance In Series, Parallel and Combinations
				Resistors in Series
				Resistors in Parallel
				Resistors in Series/Parallel
			Variable Resistors ‑ Operation
				Rheostats
				Potentiometer
					Linear Potentiometers
					Tapered Potentiometers
				Thermistors
					Photoconductive Cells
			Operation and Construction of a Wheatstone Bridge
			Temperature Coefficient Conductance
				Positive Temperature Coefficient
				Negative Temperature Coefficient
			Fixed Resistors
				Methods of Construction
			Voltage Dependent Resistors
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 08
		Power
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.8 ‑ Power
			Power, Work and Energy
				Power in an Electrical Circuit
				Electrical Work
				Electrical Energy
			Dissipation of Power by a Resistor
			Power Formulas and Calculations
				Power in a Series and Parallel Circuit
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 09
		Capacitance/Capacitor
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.9 ‑ Capacitance/Capacitor
			Operation and Function of a Capacitor
			Capacitors in Direct Current
				The RC Time Constant
				Units of Capacitance
			Factors Affecting Capacitance
				Area of Plates
				Distance Between Plates
				Dielectric Constant
				Voltage Rating and Working Voltage
			Capacitor Types
				Fixed Capacitors
					Mica Capacitors
					Ceramic Capacitors
					Electrolytic Capacitors
					Tantalum Capacitors
					Polyester Film Capacitors
					Oil Capacitors
				Variable Capacitors
					Trimmers
					Varactors
			Capacitor Color Coding
			Calculations of Capacitance
				Capacitors in Series
				Capacitors in Parallel
				Capacitors in Alternating Current
				Capacitive Reactance Xc
					Capacitive Reactances in Series and in Parallel
					Phase of Current and Voltage in Reactive Circuits
			Exponential Charge/Discharge
				The RC Time Constant
			Testing Capacitors
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 10
		Magnetism
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.10 ‑ Magnetism
			Theory and Properties of Magnetism
			Action of a Magnet Suspended in the Earth's Magnetic Field
			Methods of Magnetization and Demagnetization
				Magnetization by Hammering
				Magnetization by Stroking
				Magnetization by Cooling
				Magnetization With Electricity
			Magnetic Shielding
			Types of Magnetic Material
			Electromagnetic Construction and Principles
			Determine Magnetic Field Around Current Carrying Conductors
			Other Magneto‑Electrical Phenomena
				Magnetomotive Force
				Field Strength
				Magnetic Flux Density
				Permeability
				The Hysteresis Loop
				Retentivity
				Coercive Force
				Reluctance
				Saturation Point
				Eddy Currents
			Precautions for Care and Storage of Magnets
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 11
		Inductance/Inductor
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.11 ‑ Inductance/Inductor
			Faraday's Law
			Inducing Voltage in a Conductor
			Induction Principles
				Physical Parameters
				The RL Time Constant
				Units of Inductance
			Effects on the Magnitude of Induced Voltage
				Magnetic Field
				Rate of Change of Flux
				Number of Conductor Turns
				Inductive Reactance
			Mutual Inductance
				Effect that Current and Mutual Inductance has on Voltage
				Factors Affecting Mutual Inductance
					Number of Turns in the Primary
					Physical Size of Coil Area
					Permeability of the Coil Material
			Lenz's Law and Polarity Rules
			Back EMF (Eddy Currents)
			Types and Uses of Inductors
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 12
		DC Motor/Generator Theory
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.12 ‑ DC Motor/Generator Theory
			Basic DC Generator Theory
				Generation of DC Voltage
					Position A
					Position B
					Position C
					Position D
					The Neutral Plane
			Construction Features of DC Generators
				Field Frame
				Armature
					Gramme‑Ring Armature
					Drum‑Type Armature
				Commutators
				Types of DC Generators
					Series Wound DC Generators
					Shunt Wound DC Generators
					Compound Wound DC Generators
			Operation and Factors affecting the Output of DC Generators
				Armature Reaction
				Compensating Windings
				Interpoles
				Generator Ratings
				Generator Terminals
			DC Motors
				Force between Parallel Conductors
				Developing Torque
				Basic DC Motor
					Position A
					Position B
					Position C
					Position D
				DC Motor Construction
					Armature Assembly
					Field Assembly
					Brush Assembly
					End Frame
			Types of DC Motors
				Series DC Motor
				Shunt DC Motor
				Compound DC Motor
			Operational Factors of DC Motors
				Counter Electromotive Force (EMF)
				Reversing Motor Direction
				Motor Speed
				Energy Losses in DC Motors
			Inspection And Maintenance Of DC Motors
			Starter Generator Construction
				Troubleshooting a Starter Generator
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 13
		AC Theory
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.13 ‑ AC Theory
			Alternating Current and Voltage
				AC and DC Compared
			Sinusoidal Waveform
				Cycle
				Frequency
				Period
				Wavelength
			Phase
				In Phase Condition
					Out of Phase Condition
			Values of Alternating Current
				Instantaneous Value
				Peak Value
				Average Value
				Effective Value (Root Mean Square)
				Peak‑To‑Peak Value
				Current and Power
			Triangular/Square Waves
				Triangular Waves
				Square Wave
			Single/Three Phase Principles
				Single Phase Principle
				Three Phase Principles
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 14
		Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.14 ‑ Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits
			Phase Relationships of Voltage and Current in Parallel Series, and Series Parallel Circuits
				Ohm's Law for AC Circuits
				Series AC Circuits
				Parallel AC Circuits
			Power Dissipation in (L), (C), and (R) Circuits
				Power in an Inductive Circuit
				Power in an Capacitive Circuit
				Power in an Resisitive Circuit
			Impedance, Phase Angle, Power Factor, and Current Calculations
				Ohm's Law for AC Circuits
				Inductive Reactance
				Impedance
			Resonance
				Phase Angle
				Power Factor
			True Power, Apparent Power, and Reactive Power Calculations
				Power in AC Circuits
				True Power Defined
				Apparent Power Defined
				Reactive Power
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 15
		Transformers
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.15 ‑ Transformers
			Transformer Construction and Operation
				Current Transformers
			Transformer Losses and Methods to Overcome Them
				Core Losses
				Copper Losses
				Transformer Action
			Transformer Action Under Load and No‑load Conditions
				Transformer No‑load Condition
				Transformer On‑load Condition
			Transformer Polarity
				Polarity Markings
			Calculation of Line and Phase Voltage, and Current
				Power in Transformers
				Power Calculations in a Three Phase System
			Auto Transformers
				Operation of Auto Transformers
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 16
		Filters
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.16 ‑ Filtering
			Operation, Application, and Uses of Filters
				Filtering Characteristics of Capacitors
				Filtering Characteristics of Inductors
				Common Filter Configurations
					Basic LC Filters
					Low‑Pass Filter
					High‑Pass Filter
					Band‑Pass Filter
					Band‑Stop Filter
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 17
		AC Generators
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.17 ‑ AC Generators
			Rotation of Loop in a Magnetic Field and Waveform Produced
			Operation and Construction of Revolving Armatures and Field AC Generators
				Alternators & Classification
					Method of Classification
					Number of Phases
					Armature and Field Rotation
				Alternator Ratings
				Alternator Frequency
			Phases Categories and Other Alternator Types
				Single Phase Alternator
				Two Phase Alternator
				Three Phase Alternator
				Alternator Rectifier Unit
			Three Phase Start and Delta Connection Advantages and Uses
				Wye Connection (Three Phase)
				Delta Connection (Three Phase)
			Permanent Magnet Generators and Brushless Alternators
			Alternator Maintenance
		Questions
		Answers
	Sub‑Module 18
		AC Motors
		Knowledge Requirements
		3.18 ‑ AC Motors
			Construction and Principles of Induction and Synchronous AC Motors
				Induction Motors
					Construction of Induction Motor
					Three Phase Induction Motor
					Induction Motor Slip
					Single Phase Induction Motor
				Synchronous Motor
			Speed Control and Direction of Rotation
				Motor Speed Control
				Direction of Rotation
			Producing a Rotating Field; Capacitor, Inductor, Shaded or Split Pole Designs
				Rotating Magnetic Field
				Shaded Pole Induction Motors
				Split Phase Motors
				Capacitor Start Motors
					AC Series Motor
			Maintenance of AC Motors
		Questions
		Answers
	Acronym Index
	Index