Modification of Polymers

Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
ACS Symposium Series......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 5
1 Introduction: Polymer Modification—Some Problems and Possibilities—Areas in Need of Research......Page 8
2 Aminated Polystyrene-Copper Complexes as Oxidation Catalysts: The Effect of the Degree of Substitution on Catalytic Activity......Page 12
Structure and Behaviour of the Copper Complexes......Page 15
Activities of Polymeric Catalysts and Analogs......Page 19
Effect of the Degree of Substitution on Catalytic Activity......Page 23
Literature Cited......Page 28
3 Kinetics of Intramolecular Cross-Linking and Conformational Properties of Cross-Linked Chains......Page 30
The model and computation procedure......Page 32
2. Kinetics of intramolecular cross-linking......Page 34
3. Cross-linkages number distribution......Page 35
4. Dimensions of partially cross-linked coils and their shape......Page 36
5. Influence of reactive groups distrbution and MMD......Page 39
6. Applying of results obtained to experimental data......Page 40
7. Approximate approach......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 45
Retardation of Discoloration of PVC and Decolorization of Discolored PVC......Page 46
Nucleophilic Substitution of PVC with Dithiocarbamate......Page 50
Nucleophilic Substitution of PVC with Thiolates......Page 52
Nucleophilic Substitution of PVC with Azide......Page 53
Reaction of Poly(epichlorohydrin) with Nucleophiles......Page 54
Thioetherification and Related Derivation.......Page 55
Reaction with Dithiocarbamate and Thiocyanate.......Page 56
Reaction with Thiosulfate-Formation of Bunte Salt.......Page 58
Reaction with Alcoholate.......Page 59
Survey of Nucleophilic Substitution on PECH.......Page 60
References......Page 61
5 Low-Temperature Modification of Polymers......Page 63
Structure......Page 65
Extent of Reaction......Page 67
Physical Appearance and Properties......Page 68
References......Page 72
6 Incorporation of Metal Ions into Polyimides......Page 74
Results and Discussion......Page 76
References......Page 85
7 Biologically Active Modification of Polyvinyl Alcohol: The Reaction of Phenyl Isocyanate with Polyvinyl Alcohol......Page 86
Experimental Section......Page 96
Polymer Physical Properties......Page 97
Results and Discussion......Page 98
References......Page 102
8 Vinyl Polymerization (383): Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomer with an Aqueous Solution of Polystyrenesulfonate or Polyvinylphosphonate......Page 106
1. Polymerizations by PSS-Na and PVPA.......Page 107
3. Effect of the Degree of Polymerization of PSS-Na on the Vinyl Polymerization.......Page 110
4. Hard and Soft Hydrophobic Areas.......Page 113
(1) Selectivity of Vinyl Monomer for the Uncatalyzed Polymerization.......Page 115
(2) Copolymerization of MMA with St in HA having Various Hardnesses.......Page 116
(4) Inhibition of the Polymerization with Pottasium Fluoride.......Page 117
6. A Proposed Mechanism of Initiation.......Page 118
Literature Cited......Page 120
2. Theoretical framework of the analysis of the chemical reactivity of macromolecular chains......Page 122
3.1. General survey of the reaction process.......Page 124
3.2. Reaction kinetics and structural characteristics of the modified PMMA.......Page 126
4. Tautomerism of keto-β-heterocycles on macromolecular chains......Page 130
4.2. - Keto-2-picolines (P)(33) and a keto-quinaldines (Q)(43)......Page 132
5.2 - Chemical modification of polymers as a synthetic route to new polymers and copolymers or function alized materials......Page 136
6.1. Mechanistic and theoretical aspects of the reactivity of macromolecular chains in solution......Page 138
Literature cited......Page 139
Hofmann Degradation of Polymeric Amides......Page 142
Hofmann Degradation of Grafted PAM......Page 143
Weak Base Resins via the Mannich Reaction......Page 147
Abstract......Page 148
Literature Cited......Page 149
11 Polymer-Copper Catalysts for Oxidative Polymerization of Phenol Derivatives......Page 150
Formation of Polymer-Cu Complexes......Page 152
Interaction between Metal Ions in the Catalysis......Page 155
Environmental Effect of Polymer-ligand......Page 157
Melanin Formation Catalyzed by Polymer-Cu Complexes......Page 160
Conclusion......Page 165
References......Page 166
12 Structure, Mechanism, and Reactivity of Organotin Carboxylate Polymers......Page 167
Structure of Tributyltin Carboxylates......Page 168
Reaction of Tributyltin Carboxylates with Sodium Chloride......Page 169
Identification of Reaction Products......Page 172
Models for Organotin Release......Page 174
Abstract......Page 181
Literature Cited......Page 182
13 Photocross-Linking of 1,2-Polybutadiene by Aromatic Azide......Page 184
Reagent......Page 185
Crosslinking of 1,2-polybutadiene by mono and dinitrene......Page 186
Formation of triazoline by addition of phenylazide to 3-methyl-1-butene and its photodecomposition products......Page 187
The reaction of aziridine on silicagel......Page 191
Formation of aziridine by direct reaction of phenylnitrene with 3-methyl-1-butene......Page 192
Quantitative determination of the reaction products of phenylnitrene with cyclohexene......Page 194
Reaction of 4,4'-dinitrenodiphenyl with 1,2-polybutadiene in matrix......Page 198
References......Page 203
14 Modification of Electrical Properties in Poly-N-Vinylcarbazole by UV Light—Thermally Stimulated Current......Page 204
Sample Cell Assembly and Cryostat......Page 205
Annealing and cleaning up of the eventually existing residual trapped carriers; filling up of the traps with UV-irradiation; and the measurement of thermally stimulated current......Page 206
Measurement of the thermally stimulated current of the poly-N-vinylcarbazole film irradiated prior to the measurement with UV-light in air at room temperature......Page 207
RESULTS......Page 208
On the methods of analysis of the thermally stimulated current; and the values of the trap depth in poly-N-vinyl-carbazole......Page 211
On the nature of the traps......Page 212
Literature Cited......Page 213
15 A Novel Modification of Polymer Surfaces by Photografting......Page 215
Experimental......Page 216
Results and Discussion......Page 218
Literature Cited......Page 238
16 Acid Effects in the Radiation Grafting of Monomers to Polymers, Particularly Polyethylene......Page 240
Results......Page 241
Discussion......Page 248
Acknowledgements......Page 256
Literature Cited......Page 257
2-1: Synthesis of Oligomer......Page 259
2-1-2: Structure of Oligomer......Page 260
2-2-1: Composition......Page 261
2-2-3: Spectral Sensitivity of the Photopolymer Plate......Page 262
3-2-3: Post Exposure......Page 263
4. On Profile of the Photopolymer Plate for making Paper Mold and Matrix......Page 266
Comparison of Reproduceability of Isolated Image Lines between the Photopolymer Plate and Powderless Etched Zinc or Magnesium Plate......Page 270
7. On Making Thermoformed Matrix of Phenol Group Resin to be used for Thermoformed Polymer Printing Plates including Rubber Plates and the like...........Page 272
8. Waste Solution......Page 273
11. Gratitude......Page 274
References......Page 275
18 Sensitized Photodegradation of Polymethylmethacrylate......Page 276
Measurement of Sensitivity......Page 279
Measurement of Quantum Yield......Page 280
Definitions of Sensitivity and Quantum Yield......Page 284
Relative Sensitivity of Sensitized PMMA......Page 285
Spectral Dependence of the Absolute Quantum Yield of the Main Chain Cleavage Reaction......Page 286
Resistivity to the Plasma Etching......Page 288
LITERATURE CITED......Page 293
Experimental......Page 294
Results and Discussion......Page 295
Acknowledgement......Page 299
Literature cited......Page 300
Experimental......Page 301
Results and Discussion......Page 303
Literature Cited......Page 313
21 Effect of Discharge Frequency on the Plasma Polymerization of Ethane......Page 314
Experimentals......Page 315
Results......Page 317
Discussions......Page 319
Summarization......Page 329
References......Page 330
22 Chiral Organofunctional Polysiloxanes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications......Page 332
Experimental Methods......Page 334
Results and Discussion......Page 338
REFERENCES......Page 348
23 Synthesis of Poly-L-Lysine Containing Nucleic Acid Bases......Page 350
Incorporation of nucleic acid bases by polymer modification reactions......Page 351
Synthesis of amino acids having pendant nucleic acid bases and polymerization of their N-carboxyamino acid anhydride ( NCA ) derivatives......Page 355
Conclusion......Page 360
Literature Cited......Page 361
24 Homogeneous Solution Reactions of Cellulose, Chitin, and Other Polysaccharides......Page 362
B. Acid Chlorides......Page 363
D. Ester Derivatives of Polysaccharides......Page 364
Results and Discussion......Page 368
Literature Cited......Page 371
25 Modification of Cotton with Tin Reactants......Page 372
Synthesis......Page 373
Physical Properties......Page 376
Literature Cited......Page 381
26 Surface Modifications of Cellulose and Polyvinyl Alcohol, and Determination of the Surface Density of the Hydroxyl Group......Page 382
Experimental......Page 383
Results......Page 384
Discussion.......Page 393
Literature Cited......Page 397
27 Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks Based on Castor Oil Elastomers and Polystyrene: A Review of an International Program......Page 398
Castor Oil......Page 399
Synthesis......Page 400
Discussion......Page 409
Conclusions......Page 410
Literature Cited......Page 411
28 Flammability of Phosphorus-Containing Aromatic Polyesters: A Comparison of Additives and Comonomer Flame Retardants......Page 413
Experimental......Page 414
Discussion......Page 418
Acknowledgments......Page 421
Literature Cited......Page 422
I. Introduction......Page 423
A. Donor-Bound Polymer Preparation......Page 424
B. Monofunctionalized Donor Preparation......Page 425
A. Linear TTF Polymers: Oxidation-Reduction Properties......Page 427
B. Pyrazoline and TTF Cross-Linked Polymers......Page 431
C. Mechanism of Charge Transport in Cross-Linked Donor Polymer Films......Page 434
IV. Conclusions......Page 435
Literature Cited......Page 436
Backbone Modification......Page 437
Transition Temperatures......Page 438
Thermal Stability......Page 440
Formulation Parameters......Page 441
Solvent Resistance......Page 442
Literature Cited......Page 443
31 Siloxane-Modified Polyarylene Carbonates......Page 445
Results and Discussion......Page 447
Experimental......Page 452
Literature Cited......Page 454
Experimental......Page 457
Results and Discussion......Page 458
Literature Cited......Page 463
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B......Page 465
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K......Page 473
M......Page 474
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R......Page 483
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Z......Page 487