Modernization Of Government Governance In China

Series Editor’s Preface: The Year 2020—A Historic Choice of Economic Transformation and Upgrading......Page 6
Preface......Page 9
Contents......Page 14
List of Figures......Page 17
List of Tables......Page 19
List of Boxes......Page 20
1.1 The International Trend of Government Reform......Page 21
Focus on Core Government Functions......Page 22
Promote Decentralization......Page 23
Optimize Government Structure......Page 24
Motivate the Initiative of Government Personnel......Page 25
1.2 Omnipotent Government Under Planned Economy......Page 26
Deregulation to Market and Society......Page 28
Separation of Enterprise from Administration......Page 29
Social Development......Page 30
Government Reform......Page 31
1.4 Initial Formation of Finite Government......Page 33
Chapter 4. Orientation of Government Governance Modernization......Page 34
Government with Scientific Functional Positioning......Page 35
Government with Rational Structure......Page 38
Government with Authorization Clarification......Page 39
Government with Separation of Administration and Public Service Units......Page 40
Government with Transparency and Efficiency......Page 41
Government with Law-Based Administration......Page 42
2.1 Government Action Beyond Authority Disables Market......Page 44
How to Place Power in Place......Page 46
Reinforce Administrative Approval Reform over Major Affairs......Page 47
Remove Disguised Administrative Approval......Page 48
Optimize Administrative Approval Flow......Page 49
Realize the Transformation of Loosening Threshold and Reinforcing Control......Page 50
Department Collaboration: Break Through “The First Mile”......Page 51
Collaboration Between Superior and Subordinate Government: Break Through “The Last Mile”......Page 53
Show Social Conditions and Public Opinions by Making Reform Transparent......Page 54
Establish Righteous Performance Orientation......Page 56
2.2 Clarify the Boundary Between Government and Market by “Three Lists”......Page 57
Formulate Market Access Negative List......Page 58
2.3 Innovate Mode of Market Supervision......Page 59
Focus on Pre-approval......Page 60
Ignore Postmortem Supervision......Page 61
Reinforce National Constraint and Clarify Supervision Basis......Page 62
Transform Mode of Supervision and Walk Toward Legal Supervision......Page 63
Reinforce Market Supervision and Implement Supervision Responsibility......Page 64
Social Participation Mechanism in Market Supervision......Page 65
Self-Discipline and Cooperation of Industry Association......Page 66
Cultivation and Growth of Market Specialization Service Organizations......Page 67
Fundamental Conditions and Communication Channels of Public Participation......Page 68
2.4 How to Use the “Visible Hand” in New Normal Economy......Page 69
Chapter 3: Government and Society: Public Governance in Interaction......Page 75
Removal of Government Monopoly in Public Governance......Page 76
Social Participation in Public Governance......Page 78
Individualized Social Participation......Page 79
Public Hearing......Page 80
Public Survey......Page 81
Organized Social Participation......Page 82
3.2 Public Participation in Governance: Practice in China......Page 83
Awakening of Public Interest Awareness......Page 84
Rise of Political Democracy Degree......Page 85
Unfair Interest Distribution......Page 86
Formal Organization and Autonomous Organization Coexist as per the Organization Form of Public Participation......Page 87
Political Orientation and Interest Orientation Coexist as per the Motivation of Public Participation......Page 89
Public Participation in Social Governance Lacks Institutional Norms......Page 90
Public Participants in Social Governance Have Weak Consciousness Ability......Page 92
3.3 Cultivation of Public Participation in Governance......Page 93
Improve the Institutional Norms of Public Participation in Social Governance......Page 94
Cultivate Public Participation Awareness and Ability in Social Governance......Page 95
Improve Public Participation Organization Level in Social Governance......Page 97
Prosperous Development Background of Social Organizations......Page 100
Growing Social Organizations......Page 103
Weak Total Force and Imbalanced Regional Development......Page 105
Low Employee Quality and Irrational Knowledge Structure......Page 106
Ambiguous Function Positioning and Non-standard Governance Mechanism......Page 107
Limited Financial Sources and Sustainable Development Resources......Page 109
Absent Government Supervision and Chaotic Management......Page 110
Improve the Legal System of Social Organizations......Page 111
Optimize the Management System of Social Organizations......Page 112
Promote and Improve the Development Ability of Social Organizations......Page 114
Chapter 4: Central and Local Governments: Straighten Out Power Relation......Page 118
4.1 Rationalize Centralization and Decentralization......Page 119
Duplication of Functions......Page 121
Inappropriate Separation of Power......Page 122
Non-match Between Financial Resources and Power......Page 123
Guiding Principle of Power Division......Page 125
Equal Attention on Efficiency and Justice......Page 126
Consistency of Power and Responsibility......Page 127
Reference of International Experience......Page 128
Centralize Financial Power in Central Government......Page 129
Clarify the Exclusive Power and Shared Power of Central and Local Governments......Page 130
Exclusive Power of Central Government......Page 131
Exclusive Power of Local Government......Page 132
Shared Power of Central and Local Governments......Page 133
4.3 Consistency of Power and Responsibility......Page 134
Rationalize Power Division......Page 136
Determine Expenditure Responsibility by Power......Page 138
Ensure Power Normativity by Law......Page 140
Transition of Relation Between Departments and Regions Under Decentralization Context......Page 141
More Entity-Type Vertical Management and Rare Supervision-Type Vertical Management......Page 144
Set Up Vertical Management Level by Business Needs......Page 145
New Situations and New Problems......Page 146
Reform Thinking and Direction......Page 148
Regulate Entity-Type Vertical Management......Page 149
Properly Add Supervision-Type Vertical Management......Page 150
Straighten Out Department-Region Relation......Page 152
4.5 Trial Implementation of “Provincial Governing County” in Some Places......Page 153
Reducing Level......Page 154
Rational Choice of Provincial Governing County......Page 155
Reform Measures......Page 159
Reinforce County Government Autonomy......Page 160
Integrate Financial Management and Administrative Management......Page 161
Diversify Province Administration......Page 162
Chapter 5: Government Function: Move Toward Finite and Action......Page 164
5.1 Deepen Government Function Transformation......Page 165
5.2 Deregulation: Approval Reform......Page 168
5.3 Management: Innovate Government Mode of Management......Page 172
5.4 Performance: Implementation in Local Government......Page 175
Transform Public Governance Concept and Build Service Supply Platform......Page 179
Build and Improve System and Normalize Government Service Purchase......Page 180
Promote Industry Self-Discipline Construction and Improve Social Self-Governance Ability......Page 181
Protect Market and Social Development and Realize Collaborative Governance......Page 182
6.1 Super-Ministry System Has Comparative Advantage......Page 187
Department Specialty......Page 188
Separation of Decision and Execution......Page 190
High Operation Efficiency......Page 193
6.2 Super-Ministry System Is the Choice to Build a High-Efficient Government......Page 194
Build Government System Adaptive to Market Economy......Page 195
Solve Government Duplication......Page 196
Build Modern Government Structure......Page 197
Super-Ministry System Reform Drew the Curtain in 2008......Page 199
Steadily Promoted Super-Ministry System Reform in 2013......Page 203
Economic Motive......Page 207
Action Motive......Page 208
Comprehensive Setting of Cabinet Department......Page 209
Balance of Government Affairs Department, Economic Department and Social Department......Page 211
Lack of Uniform Organization Integration Mode......Page 215
Coordination of Inter-department Relation......Page 216
Priority of Legislation......Page 217
Comprehensive Setting of Government Department......Page 218
Optimization of Internal Structure......Page 219
Separation of Decision-Making Power, Execution Power and Supervision Power......Page 221
Definition of Responsibility Scope......Page 222
Combination of Overall Design and Phased Implementation......Page 223
7.1 Public Institutions of Characteristics......Page 225
An Overview of Public Institutions......Page 226
Forms of Organization That Are Different from Those of Enterprises and the Government......Page 228
Disorder in Complexity: Chaotic Phenomena in Public Institutions......Page 229
Various Types of Public Institutions......Page 230
Disordered Relations Between Administrative Units and Public Institutions......Page 231
7.2 Classification Reform: From Large to Small Classification......Page 233
Classification Reform of Public Institutions......Page 234
Large Classification of the Classification Reform......Page 235
Small Classification of the Classification Reform......Page 238
7.3 Policy Support Is Necessary for Transformation from Public Institutions into Enterprises......Page 240
Basic Thinking of Transformation from Public Institutions into Enterprises......Page 241
Policy Support of Transformation from Public Institutions into Enterprises......Page 243
7.4 De-administration: Establishment of a New Structure of Governance......Page 246
De-administration of Public Institutions Admits No Delay......Page 247
Thinking of De-administration of Public Institutions......Page 248
Establishment of a Legal-Person Governance Structure of Public Institutions......Page 251
8.1 How Many Financial Support Personnel Are There in China?......Page 255
8.2 Historical Comparison: The Total Amount Is Moderate and Shows a Potential for Extension......Page 258
8.3 International Comparison: Generally Moderate......Page 261
8.4 Unreasonable Distribution Structure......Page 264
Distribution of Personnel in Government Agencies and Institutions......Page 265
Distribution of Personnel in Governments at Different Levels......Page 267
Distribution of Different Government Departments......Page 269
Internal Distribution of Government Agencies......Page 270
More Institutional and Hierarchical Settings......Page 271
The Reform of Public Institutions Is Relatively Lagging Behind......Page 272
Maintaining a Moderate Scale Based on the Transformation of Functions......Page 273
Strengthening Structural Adjustment Efforts......Page 274
Improve the Management System for Financial Support Personnel......Page 276
9.1 New Requirement of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee......Page 277
Promote Function Transformation by Law......Page 278
Improve Decision-Making System by Law......Page 279
Reform Administrative Enforcement System......Page 280
Make Government Affairs Public......Page 281
Administrative Approval: The Worst Hit Area of Power Rent–Seeking......Page 282
Why Approval Corruption Can’t Be Eradicated......Page 283
Remove Power Rent–Seeking Opportunities and Conditions......Page 284
Remove the Soil of Corruption......Page 286
Restrict Power by Legal System......Page 287
Improve Anti-corruption System......Page 289
Execute Power by System......Page 290
Punish Power Abuse Action......Page 291
Reinforce Power Balance......Page 292
Increase Power Execution Transparency......Page 294
Execute Power by Law......Page 295
Postscript......Page 296
Literature in Chinese......Page 297
Translated Literature in Chinese......Page 299