Modern Trends and Research in Intermodal Transportation

Preface
Contents
Modelling and Simulation for Intermodal Transportation in Logistics Chains
	1 The Role of Modelling Process for the Logistics Chains
	2 The Maritime Terminals Modelling Aspects
	3 Transport Nodes Mathematical Modelling
		3.1 Theoretical Approach
		3.2 Inbound Flows
		3.3 Service Durations and Number of Service Stations
		3.4 Number of Service Phases
		3.5 Queue Discipline
		3.6 Outbound Flows
		3.7 The Role of Modelling Process for the Logistics Chains
		3.8 Traffic Flows Mathematical Formalization
		3.9 Operation Indicators of the Queueing Systems
		3.10 Case Study—Analysis on Developing Intermodal Nodes
	4 Modelling of Intermodal Transportation Systems for Computer Simulation
		4.1 Intermodal Transportation System Components
		4.2 Modelling Intermodal Transport with ARENA—Example of a Container Terminal
	5 Modelling the Activity Inside the Maritime Rail Station
		5.1 Introductive Aspects
		5.2 The Role of Modelling Process for the Logistics Chains
		5.3 The Modelling Process of the Activity Inside the Main Sub-systems
	6 Conclusions
	References
Current Issues of Multimodal and Intermodal Cargo Transportation
	1 Conditions for Interaction and Main Challenges for Freight Transport
		1.1 Coordination and Interaction Between the Different Transport Modes
		1.2 Modern Challenges for Freight Transport
		1.3 Force Majeure Circumstances in Transport and Measures (e.g. COVID 19)
	2 Characteristics of Multimodal and Intermodal Transport
		2.1 Main Characteristics of the Organisation and Technology of Multimodal Transport
		2.2 Main Characteristics of the Organisation and Technology of Intermodal Transport
		2.3 Quality Criteria of Transport Services in Multimodal Transport
		2.4 Advantages of Multimodal and Intermodal Transport
	3 Application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Multimodal and Intermodal Transport
		3.1 Application of ICT in Multimodal Transport
		3.2 Barriers to the Application of ICT in the Transport Industry
	4 Development of Multimodal and Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria
		4.1 Volume of Transport Work in Freight Transport in Bulgaria
		4.2 State of Transport Infrastructure
		4.3 Development of Multimodal and Intermodal Transport in Bulgaria
		4.4 Multi-criteria Optimisation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Intermodal Transport on Selected Continents
	1 Intermodal Transport in Europe
		1.1 Preliminary Remarks
		1.2 Transportation by Intermodal Transport
		1.3 Promotion of Intermodal Transport
		1.4 Promoting Intermodal Transport in the EU
		1.5 Examples of Ways to Support the Development of Intermodal Transport in Selected European Countries
		1.6 Intermodal Terminals in Europe
		1.7 Information Systems
	2 Intermodal Transport in Asia
		2.1 Preliminary Remarks
		2.2 Intermodal Transport in China
		2.3 Intermodal Transport in Russia
		2.4 Intermodal Transport in Japan
		2.5 Intermodal Transport in the Republic of South Korea
		2.6 Intermodal Transport in India
	3 Intermodal Transport in North America
		3.1 Intermodal Transport in the USA—Preliminary Remarks
		3.2 Economic Growth Versus Freight and Passenger Transport Services
		3.3 American Railways—A Major Participant in Intermodal Transport
		3.4 Intermodal Transport—Technical Progress and Safety
		3.5 Maritime and Rail Intermodal Services in Canada and the USA
	4 Intermodal Transport in Australia
		4.1 Preliminary Remarks
		4.2 Sea Intermodal Transport
		4.3 Intermodal Terminals
		4.4 Intermodal Transport Systems
		4.5 Promoting the Development of Transport and Its Infrastructure
	5 Conclusions
	References
Improving the Efficiency of Transportation and Distribution of Goods in Modern Conditions
	1 International Trade and Its Impact on Transportation and Distribution Logistics in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic
		1.1 Trends in the Development of International Trade and International Transport
		1.2 Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Logistics Distribution of Goods and Measures to Improve Them
	2 Efficiency of Logistics and Factors Affecting the Development of International Trade and Freight Transport (e.g., in the EAEU)
	3 Modelling the Causal Relationship Between Macroeconomic and Transport Indicators of Development in Determining Priorities in the Transport Policy of the State
	4 Evaluation of the Efficiency of Regional Cargo Distribution Systems (on the Example of the Regions of Kazakhstan)
	5 Conclusions
	References
Multimodal Transit, Demographic Segmentation, and Station Proximity Analysis
	1 Micromobility, Microtransit, and Demographic Segmentation
	2 Demographic Segmentation
	3 Regulatory and Environmental Implications of Mode Choices
	4 Policy and Fiscal Implications of Mode Choice
	5 Distance for Micromobility Mode
	6 Health Implication of Mode Choices
	7 Station Proximity Analysis
	8 Descriptive Statistics and Descriptive Analysis
	9 Causal Models Explaining Morning Weekday Boardings: Regression Results
	10 Demographic Segments’ Locational Choices
	11 PUMS Data and PUMAs
	12 Conclusions About Policy Issues
	References
Challenges for Intermodal Transport in the Twenty-First Century: Reduction of Environmental Impact Due the Integration of Green Transport Modes
	1 Assessment of Negative Impact of Freight Transport on the Environment and the Society
	2 Theoretical Reasoning of Implementation of Intermodal Freight Transport
	3 Intermodal Transport as a Solution to Reduce the Negative Environmental Impact of Freight Transport
	4 Modelling Opportunities of Application Taking into Account Territorial Features
	5 Application of Intermodal Transport: Lithuanian Case Study
	6 Application of Intermodal Transport: Lithuanian Case Study
	7 Conclusion
	References
Modern Maintenance of Railway Rolling Stock in the Frame of the European Regulations—From Preventive to Proactive Maintenance
	1 Development of the Conditions of the Railway Market
	2 Development of the Technical Railway Law for Maintenance
	3 Maintenance Systems
		3.1 Preventive Maintenance
		3.2 Condition Based Maintenance
		3.3 Predictive Maintenance
		3.4 Proactive Maintenance
	4 Practical Steps from Preventive to Proactive Maintenance
		4.1 Steps to CBM
		4.2 Modification of Wear Characteristic as Example for Proactive Maintenance
	5 Conclusion
	References
Movement of Cargo, Logistics, Data, Data Analytics and Databases
	1 Introduction
	2 Forecast
	3 Terminals
	4 The Concept of Freight Interchange
	5 What Generates Data?
	6 Data Analytics
	7 Data Collection
	8 Data Organising
	9 Metadata
	10 Data Cleaning
	11 Data Analysis
	12 Pattern Recognition
	13 Data Communication
	14 Data Quality
	15 Single View
	16 Data Capture
	17 Too Many IT Applications for Data Capture and Management
	18 Too Many Databases
	19 Operational Issues with IT-Applications and Databases
	References
Present and Future of Rail Freight: Problems and Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Role of Rail Freight in Europe and Worldwide
		2.1 Rail Network in the World
		2.2 Rail Network in Europe
		2.3 Rail Freight Fleet in the World
		2.4 Rail Freight Fleet in Europe
		2.5 Rail Freight Mobility in the World
		2.6 Rail Freight Mobility in Europe
		2.7 Rail Freight Modal Share in Europe
	3 Specific Infrastructures, Vehicles and Services
		3.1 Infrastructure Standards
		3.2 Vehicle Standards
		3.3 Terminals
		3.4 Intermodal and Combined Transport
		3.5 Wagonload Transport
	4 Trends and Developments
		4.1 Consolidated Trends
		4.2 Forecasts Based on Trends
	5 Measures to Enlarge the Rail Market
		5.1 Rail Market Barriers
		5.2 Market Sensitivity
		5.3 Combined Effect of Investments on Infrastructures and Operational Measures
	6 Automation in Wagonload Traffic: Digital Automatic Coupling
		6.1 Objectives
		6.2 Concepts and Requirements
		6.3 State-of-the-Art
		6.4 Potential Impacts
		6.5 Migration Scenarios
	7 Internalisation of External Costs: Noise Reductions and Potential Effects on Track Access Charges
		7.1 Rail Freight Noise and Its Implications
		7.2 Causes of Railway Noise
		7.3 Abatement Measures
		7.4 Internalisation of Noise External Costs
		7.5 Valuation of Rail Noise Externalities
		7.6 A Numerical Example and Considerations on Rail Freight Policy
	8 Optimisation of Operational Models: International and Local Barriers
		8.1 Intermodal Rail Freight Operations Within the Door-To-Door Transport Chain
		8.2 Actors and Functions
		8.3 Operating Systems
		8.4 Operations Planning
		8.5 Potential Opportunities and Barriers for Optimisation of Rail Freight Operations
	9 Closing Remarks and Research Challenges
		9.1 Research Objectives
	References
Multi-criteria Assessment of Piggyback Systems in Sustainable Supply Chains
	1 Problems of Sustainable Development of Intermodal Transportation in Supply Chains
		1.1 World Trade and Transportation System
		1.2 Supply Chains Sustainability Problems
		1.3 Development of Intermodal Technologies and Piggyback Systems
	2 Piggyback Systems and Their Parameters
		2.1 Intermodal Transport and Piggyback Systems
		2.2 LOHR Railway System
		2.3 CargoBeamer
		2.4 CargoSpeed
		2.5 Rolling Road
		2.6 “1520 Space” System
		2.7 Megaswing
		2.8 Flexiwaggon
		2.9 Systematization of the Piggyback Systems Parameters
	3 Justification and Systematization of Criteria for Assessing and Choosing a Piggyback System in Sustainable Supply Chains
		3.1 Analysis of Existing Approaches to the Assessment and Selection of Intermodal Technologies
		3.2 Approach to Piggyback System Assessment and Selection
		3.3 The System of Criteria for Assessment and Selecting a Piggyback System in Sustainable Supply Chains
	4 Assessment of Piggyback Systems in Sustainable Supply Chains Based on Combined DEMATEL-MARCOS
		4.1 Multi-criteria Decision Making Methods in the Assessment of Intermodal Transport and Piggyback Systems
		4.2 Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)
		4.3 Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking According to COmpromise Solution (MARCOS)
		4.4 Combined DEMATEL-MARCOS Method for Piggyback Systems Assessment and Selection in Sustainable Supply Chains
	5 Case Study
		5.1 Initial Data for the Assessment and Selection of a Piggyback System in Sustainable Supply Chains
		5.2 Results of Ranking by Academic Experts of Piggyback Systems Criteria and Sub-criteria
		5.3 Results of Ranking by Stakeholders of Piggyback Systems Criteria and Sub-criteria
		5.4 Results of Piggyback Systems Assessment Using the MARCOS Method
		5.5 Sensitivity Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	Bibliography