Modern Systems Analysis and Design

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
PART ONE Foundations for Systems Development
	AN OVERVIEW OF PART ONE
	1 The Systems Development Environment
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design
		Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle
		The Heart of the Systems Development Process
			The Traditional Waterfall SDLC
		Agile Methodologies
			eXtreme Programming
			Scrum
			Agile in Practice
		Object-Oriented Analysis and Design
		Our Approach to Systems Development
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
	2 The Origins of Software
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Systems Acquisition
			Outsourcing
			Sources of Software
			Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software
			Validating Purchased Software Information
		Reuse
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		BEC CASE: THE ORIGINS OF SOFTWARE
			Case Questions
	3 Managing the Information Systems Project
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Pine Valley Furniture Company Background
		Managing the Information Systems Project
			Initiating a Project
			Planning the Project
			Executing the Project
			Closing Down the Project
		Representing and Scheduling Project Plans
			Representing Project Plans
			Calculating Expected Time Durations Using PERT
			Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture
		Using Project Management Software
			Establishing a Project Start Date
			Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships
			Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		Appendix: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Project Management
			Learning Objectives
			Unique Characteristics of an OOSAD Project
			Define the System as a Set of Components
				Complete Hard Problems First
				Using Iterations to Manage the Project
				Don't Plan Too Much Up Front
				How Many and How Long Are Iterations?
				Project Activity Focus Changes Over the Life of a Project
			Summary
			Review Question
			Problems and Exercises
			BEC CASE: MANAGING THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROJECT
				Case Questions
PART TWO Planning
	AN OVERVIEW OF PART TWO
	4 Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects
			The Process of Identifying and Selecting IS Development Projects
			Deliverables and Outcomes
		Corporate and Information Systems Planning
			Corporate Strategic Planning
			Information Systems Planning
		Electronic Commerce Applications: Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects
			Internet Basics
			Pine Valley Furniture WebStore
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		BEC CASE: IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
		Case Questions
	5 Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects
		The Process of Initiating and Planning is Development Projects
			Deliverables and Outcomes
		Assessing Project Feasibility
			Assessing Economic Feasibility
			Assessing Technical Feasibility
			Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns
		Building and Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan
			Building the Baseline Project Plan
			Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan
		Electronic Commerce Applications: Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects
			Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		BEC CASE: INITIATING AND PLANNING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
			Case Questions
PART THREE Analysis
	AN OVERVIEW OF PART THREE
	6 Determining System Requirements
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Performing Requirements Determination
			The Process of Determining Requirements
			Deliverables and Outcomes
		Traditional Methods for Determining Requirements
			Interviewing and Listening
			Interviewing Groups
			Directly Observing Users
			Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents
		Contemporary Methods for Determining System Requirements
			Joint Application Design
			Using Prototyping During Requirements Determination
		Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements
			Identifying Processes to Reengineer
			Disruptive Technologies
		Requirements Determination Using Agile Methodologies
			Continual User Involvement
			Agile Usage-Centered Design
			The Planning Game from eXtreme Programming
		Electronic Commerce Applications: Determining System Requirements
			Determining System Requirements for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		BEC CASE: DETERMINING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
			Case Questions
	7 Structuring System Process Requirements
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Process Modeling
			Modeling a System's Process for Structured Analysis
			Deliverables and Outcomes
		Data Flow Diagramming Mechanics
			Definitions and Symbols
			Developing DFDs: An Example
			Data Flow Diagramming Rules
			Decomposition of DFDs
			Balancing DFDs
		An Example DFD
		Using Data Flow Diagramming in the Analysis Process
			Guidelines for Drawing DFDs
			Using DFDs as Analysis Tools
			Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering
		Modeling Logic with Decision Tables
		Electronic Commerce Application: Process Modeling Using Data Flow Diagrams
			Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		Appendix 7A: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Use Cases
			Learning Objectives
			Introduction
			Use Cases
				What Is a Use Case?
				Use Case Diagrams
				Definitions and Symbols
			Written Use Cases
				Level
				The Rest of the Template
			Electronic Commerce Application: Process Modeling Using Use Cases
			Writing Use Cases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Review Questions
			Problems and Exercises
			Field Exercise
			References
		Appendix 7B: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Activity Diagrams
			Learning Objectives
			Introduction
			When to Use an Activity Diagram
			Problems and Exercises
			Reference
		Appendix 7C: Business Process Modeling
			Learning Objective
			Introduction
			Basic Notation
			Business Process Example
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Review Questions
			Problems and Exercises
			Field Exercises
			References
			BEC CASE: STRUCTURING SYSTEM PROCESS REQUIREMENTS
				Case Questions
	8 Structuring System Data Requirements
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Conceptual Data Modeling
			The Conceptual Data Modeling Process
			Deliverables and Outcomes
		Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling
		Introduction to E-R Modeling
			Entities
			Attributes
			Candidate Keys and Identifiers
			Other Attribute Types
			Relationships
		Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model
			Degree of a Relationship
			Cardinalities in Relationships
			Naming and Defining Relationships
			Associative Entities
			Summary of Conceptual Data Modeling with E-R Diagrams
		Representing Supertypes and Subtypes
		Business Rules
			Domains
			Triggering Operations
		Role of Packaged Conceptual Data Models: Database Patterns
			Universal Data Models
			Industry-Specific Data Models
			Benefits of Database Patterns and Packaged Data Models
		Electronic Commerce Application: Conceptual Data Modeling
			Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture's 
WebStore
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		Appendix: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design: Object Modeling—Class Diagrams
			Learning Objectives
			Introduction
			Representing Objects and Classes
			Types of Operations
			Representing Associations
			Representing Associative Classes
			Representing Stereotypes for Attributes
			Representing Generalization
			Representing Aggregation
			An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Review Questions
			Problems and Exercises
			References
			BEC CASE: STRUCTURING SYSTEM DATA REQUIREMENTS
				Case Questions
PART FOUR Design
	AN OVERVIEW OF PART FOUR
	9 Designing Databases
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Database Design
			The Process of Database Design
			Deliverables and Outcomes
			The Relational Database Model
			Well-Structured Relations
		Normalization
			Rules of Normalization
			Functional Dependence and Primary Keys
			Second Normal Form
			Third Normal Form
		Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations
			Represent Entities
			Represent Relationships
			Summary of Transforming E-R Diagrams to Relations
		Merging Relations
			An Example of Merging Relations
			View Integration Problems
		Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger
		Physical File and Database Design
			Designing Fields
			Choosing Data Types
			Controlling Data Integrity
			Designing Physical Tables
			Arranging Table Rows
			Designing Controls for Files
		Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger
		Electronic Commerce Application: Designing Databases
			Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		BEC CASE: DESIGNING DATABASES
			Case Questions
	10 Designing Forms and Reports
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Designing Forms and Reports
			The Process of Designing Forms and Reports
			Deliverables and Outcomes
		Formatting Forms and Reports
			General Formatting Guidelines
			Highlighting Information
			Color versus No Color
			Displaying Text
			Designing Tables and Lists
			Paper versus Electronic Reports
		Assessing Usability
			Usability Success Factors
			Measures of Usability
		Electronic Commerce Applications: Designing Forms and Reports for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
			General Guidelines
			Designing Forms and Reports at Pine Valley Furniture
			Lightweight Graphics
			Forms and Data Integrity Rules
			Stylesheet-Based HTML
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		BEC CASE: DESIGNING FORMS AND REPORTS
			Case Questions
	11 Designing Interfaces and Dialogues
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Designing Interfaces and Dialogues
			The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues
			Deliverables and Outcomes
		Interaction Methods and Devices
			Methods of Interacting
			Hardware Options for System Interaction
		Designing Interfaces
			Designing Layouts
			Structuring Data Entry
			Controlling Data Input
			Providing Feedback
			Providing Help
		Designing Dialogues
			Designing the Dialogue Sequence
			Building Prototypes and Assessing Usability
		Designing Interfaces and Dialogues in Graphical Environments
			Graphical Interface Design Issues
			Dialogue Design Issues in a Graphical Environment
		Electronic Commerce Application: Designing Interfaces and Dialogues for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
			General Guidelines
			Designing Interfaces and Dialogues at Pine Valley Furniture
			Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		BEC CASE: DESIGNING INTERFACES AND DIALOGUES
			Case Questions
	12 Designing Distributed and Internet Systems
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Designing Distributed and Internet Systems
			The Process of Designing Distributed and Internet Systems
			Deliverables and Outcomes
		Designing LAN and Client/Server Systems
			Designing Systems for LANs
			Designing Systems for a Client/Server Architecture
		Cloud Computing
			What Is Cloud Computing?
			Managing the Cloud
			Service-Oriented Architecture
			Web Services
		Designing Internet Systems
			Internet Design Fundamentals
			Site Consistency
			Design Issues Related to Site Management
		Electronic Commerce Application: Designing a Distributed Advertisement Server for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
			Advertising on Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
			Designing the Advertising Component
			Designing the Management Reporting Component
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		BEC CASE: DESIGNING DISTRIBUTED AND INTERNET SYSTEMS
			Case Questions
PART FIVE Implementation and Maintenance
	AN OVERVIEW OF PART FIVE
	13 System Implementation
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		System Implementation
			Coding, Testing, and Installation Processes
			Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding, Testing, and Installation
			Deliverables and Outcomes from Documenting the System, Training Users, and Supporting Users
		Software Application Testing
			Seven Different Types of Tests
			The Testing Process
			Combining Coding and Testing
			Acceptance Testing by Users
		Installation
			Direct Installation
			Parallel Installation
			Single-Location Installation
			Phased Installation
			Planning Installation
		Documenting the System
			User Documentation
		Training and Supporting Users
			Training Information Systems Users
			Supporting Information Systems Users
		Organizational Issues in Systems Implementation
			Why Implementation Sometimes Fails
			Security Issues
		Electronic Commerce Application: System Implementation and Operation for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
			Developing Test Cases for the WebStore
			Alpha and Beta Testing the WebStore
			WebStore Installation
		Project Closedown
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
		BEC CASE: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
			Case Questions
	14 Maintaining Information Systems
		Learning Objectives
		Introduction
		Maintaining Information Systems
			The Process of Maintaining Information Systems
			Deliverables and Outcomes
		Conducting Systems Maintenance
			Types of Maintenance
			The Cost of Maintenance
			Managing Maintenance
			Role of Automated Development Tools in Maintenance
		Website Maintenance
		Electronic Commerce Application: Maintaining an Information System for Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
			Maintaining Pine Valley Furniture's WebStore
			Cannot Find Server
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Review Questions
		Problems and Exercises
		Field Exercises
		References
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
INDEX
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