Modern Systems Analysis and Design

Cover......Page 1
Title Page ......Page 2
Copyright Page ......Page 3
Brief Contents ......Page 6
Contents ......Page 8
Preface......Page 20
Part One Foundations for Systems Development......Page 26
 An Overview of Part One......Page 27
  Introduction ......Page 28
  A Modern Approach to Systems Analysis and Design ......Page 30
  Developing Information Systems and the Systems Development Life Cycle ......Page 31
  A Specialized Systems Development Life Cycle ......Page 37
  The Heart of the Systems Development Process ......Page 38
   The Traditional Waterfall Sdlc ......Page 40
   Case Tools ......Page 41
  Agile Methodologies ......Page 42
   eXtreme Programming......Page 44
  Object-Oriented Analysis and Design......Page 45
  Our Approach to Systems Development ......Page 47
  Key Terms......Page 48
  Problems and Exercises......Page 49
  References......Page 50
  Systems Acquisition ......Page 51
   Outsourcing ......Page 52
   Sources of Software ......Page 53
   Choosing Off-the-Shelf Software......Page 59
  Reuse ......Page 62
  Key Terms......Page 65
  References......Page 66
  Case Questions......Page 68
  Pine Valley Furniture Company Background ......Page 69
  Managing the Information Systems Project ......Page 71
   Initiating a Project ......Page 75
   Planning the Project ......Page 78
   Executing the Project ......Page 83
   Closing Down the Project ......Page 87
  Representing and Scheduling Project Plans ......Page 88
   Representing Project Plans ......Page 89
   Calculating Expected Time Durations Using Pert ......Page 90
   Constructing a Gantt Chart and Network Diagram at Pine Valley Furniture ......Page 91
  Using Project Management Software ......Page 94
   Entering Tasks and Assigning Task Relationships ......Page 95
   Selecting a Scheduling Method to Review Project Reports ......Page 96
  Summary......Page 97
  Key Terms......Page 98
  Problems and Exercises......Page 99
  References......Page 101
    Complete Hard Problems First ......Page 103
    don’t Plan too Much up Front......Page 105
    how Many and how long are Iterations?......Page 106
   Problems and Exercises......Page 108
   Case Questions......Page 109
Part Two Planning......Page 110
 An Overview of Part Two......Page 111
  Introduction ......Page 112
  Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects ......Page 113
   The Process of Identifying and Selecting Is Development Projects ......Page 114
   Deliverables and Outcomes ......Page 118
  Corporate and Information Systems Planning ......Page 119
   Corporate Strategic Planning ......Page 120
   Information Systems Planning ......Page 122
   Internet Basics ......Page 129
   Pine Valley Furniture Webstore ......Page 130
  Key Terms......Page 131
  Problems and Exercises......Page 132
  References......Page 133
  Case Questions......Page 135
  Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects ......Page 136
  The Process of Initiating and Planning Is Development Projects ......Page 137
   Deliverables and Outcomes ......Page 138
  Assessing Project Feasibility ......Page 139
   Assessing Economic Feasibility ......Page 140
   Assessing Technical Feasibility ......Page 148
   Assessing Other Feasibility Concerns ......Page 151
   Building the Baseline Project Plan ......Page 152
   Reviewing the Baseline Project Plan ......Page 157
   Initiating and Planning Systems Development Projects for Pine Valley Furniture’s Webstore ......Page 162
  Key Terms......Page 164
  Problems and Exercises......Page 165
  References......Page 166
  Case Questions......Page 168
Part Three Analysis......Page 170
 An Overview of Part Three......Page 171
  Performing Requirements Determination ......Page 172
   The Process of Determining Requirements ......Page 173
   Deliverables and Outcomes ......Page 174
   Interviewing and Listening ......Page 175
   Interviewing Groups ......Page 179
   Directly Observing Users ......Page 180
   Analyzing Procedures and Other Documents ......Page 181
  Contemporary Methods for Determining System Requirements ......Page 186
   Joint Application Design ......Page 187
   Using Prototyping During Requirements Determination ......Page 190
  Radical Methods for Determining System Requirements ......Page 192
   Disruptive Technologies ......Page 193
   Continual User Involvement ......Page 194
   Agile Usage-Centered Design......Page 195
   The Planning Game from Extreme Programming ......Page 196
  Determining System Requirements for Pine Valley Furniture’s Webstore ......Page 198
  Key Terms......Page 201
  Problems and Exercises......Page 202
  Field Exercises......Page 203
  References......Page 204
  BEC Case: Determining System Requirements......Page 205
  Case Questions......Page 206
  Process Modeling ......Page 207
   Deliverables and Outcomes ......Page 208
   Definitions and Symbols ......Page 209
   Developing DFDs: an Example......Page 211
   Data Flow Diagramming Rules ......Page 214
   Decomposition of DFDs......Page 215
   Balancing DFDs......Page 218
  An Example DFD......Page 220
   Guidelines for Drawing DFDs......Page 223
   Using DFDs as Analysis Tools......Page 225
   Using DFDs in Business Process Reengineering......Page 226
  Modeling Logic with Decision Tables ......Page 228
  Electronic Commerce Application: Process Modeling Using Data Flow Diagrams ......Page 231
   Process Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture’s Webstore ......Page 232
  Summary......Page 233
  Review Questions......Page 234
  Problems and Exercises......Page 235
  References......Page 241
    What Is a Use Case? ......Page 242
    Use Case Diagrams ......Page 243
    Definitions and Symbols ......Page 244
   Written Use Cases ......Page 247
    The Rest of the Template ......Page 248
   Electronic Commerce Application: Process Modeling Using Use Cases ......Page 250
   Writing Use Cases for Pine Valley Furniture’s Webstore ......Page 252
   Problems and Exercises......Page 255
   References......Page 256
   Introduction ......Page 257
   Problems and Exercises......Page 260
   Reference......Page 261
   Dynamic Modeling: Sequence Diagrams ......Page 262
   Designing a Use Case with a Sequence Diagram ......Page 264
   A Sequence Diagram for Hoosier Burger ......Page 267
   Problems and Exercises......Page 269
   References......Page 270
   Basic Notation ......Page 271
   Business Process Example ......Page 275
   Problems and Exercises......Page 276
   References......Page 277
   BEC Case: Structuring System Process Requirements......Page 278
   Case Questions......Page 279
  Introduction ......Page 280
  Conceptual Data Modeling ......Page 281
   The Conceptual Data Modeling Process ......Page 282
   Deliverables and Outcomes ......Page 283
  Gathering Information for Conceptual Data Modeling ......Page 284
   Entities ......Page 286
   Attributes ......Page 288
   Candidate Keys and Identifiers ......Page 289
   Other Attribute Types ......Page 290
   Relationships ......Page 291
  Conceptual Data Modeling and the E-R Model......Page 292
   Degree of a Relationship ......Page 293
   Cardinalities in Relationships ......Page 295
   Naming and Defining Relationships ......Page 296
   Associative Entities ......Page 297
  Representing Supertypes and Subtypes ......Page 299
  Business Rules ......Page 300
   Domains ......Page 301
   Triggering Operations ......Page 303
   Benefits of Database Patterns and Packaged Data Models ......Page 304
   Conceptual Data Modeling for Pine Valley Furniture’s Webstore ......Page 305
  Key Terms......Page 309
  Review Questions......Page 310
  Problems and Exercises......Page 311
  Field Exercises......Page 313
  References......Page 314
   Representing Objects and Classes ......Page 315
   Types of Operations ......Page 316
   Representing Associations ......Page 317
   Representing Associative Classes ......Page 319
   Representing Generalization ......Page 320
   Representing Aggregation ......Page 323
   An Example of Conceptual Data Modeling at Hoosier Burger ......Page 324
   Key Terms......Page 327
   Problems and Exercises......Page 328
   References......Page 329
   BEC Case: Structuring System Data Requirements......Page 330
   Case Questions......Page 331
Part Four Design......Page 334
 An Overview of Part Four......Page 335
  Database Design ......Page 336
   The Process of Database Design ......Page 337
   Deliverables and Outcomes ......Page 339
   Well-Structured Relations......Page 342
  Normalization ......Page 343
   Functional Dependence and Primary Keys ......Page 344
   Third Normal Form ......Page 345
  Transforming E-R Diagrams into Relations......Page 346
   Represent Relationships ......Page 347
   An Example of Merging Relations ......Page 351
   View Integration Problems ......Page 352
  Logical Database Design for Hoosier Burger ......Page 353
   Designing Fields ......Page 356
   Choosing Data Types ......Page 357
   Controlling Data Integrity ......Page 358
   Designing Physical Tables ......Page 359
   Arranging Table Rows ......Page 362
   Designing Controls for Files ......Page 366
  Physical Database Design for Hoosier Burger ......Page 367
  Electronic Commerce Application: Designing Databases ......Page 368
   Designing Databases for Pine Valley Furniture’s Webstore ......Page 369
  Summary......Page 371
  Key Terms......Page 372
  Problems and Exercises......Page 373
  Field Exercises......Page 374
  References......Page 375
  BEC Case: Designing Databases......Page 376
  Case Questions......Page 377
  Designing Forms and Reports ......Page 378
   The Process of Designing Forms and Reports ......Page 380
   Deliverables and Outcomes ......Page 381
   General Formatting Guidelines ......Page 385
   Highlighting Information ......Page 387
   Color Versus No Color ......Page 389
   Designing Tables and Lists ......Page 390
   Paper Versus Electronic Reports ......Page 394
   Usability Success Factors ......Page 396
   Measures of Usability ......Page 397
   Designing Forms and Reports at Pine Valley Furniture ......Page 398
   Forms and Data Integrity Rules ......Page 399
  Summary......Page 400
  Review Questions......Page 401
  Field Exercises......Page 402
  References......Page 403
  Case Questions......Page 404
   The Process of Designing Interfaces and Dialogues ......Page 406
   Methods of Interacting ......Page 407
   Hardware Options for System Interaction ......Page 415
   Designing Layouts ......Page 417
   Structuring Data Entry ......Page 420
   Controlling Data Input ......Page 422
   Providing Feedback ......Page 423
   Providing Help ......Page 425
  Designing Dialogues ......Page 428
   Designing the Dialogue Sequence ......Page 429
   Building Prototypes and Assessing Usability ......Page 430
   Graphical Interface Design Issues ......Page 432
  Electronic Commerce Application: Designing Interfaces and Dialogues for Pine Valley Furniture’s Webstore ......Page 434
   General Guidelines ......Page 435
   Menu-Driven Navigation with Cookie Crumbs......Page 436
  Key Terms......Page 437
  Problems and Exercises......Page 438
  References......Page 439
  BEC Case: Designing Interfaces and Dialogues......Page 440
  Case Questions......Page 441
   The Process of Designing Distributed and Internet Systems ......Page 442
   Deliverables and Outcomes ......Page 443
   Designing Systems for LANs......Page 444
   Designing Systems for a Client/server Architecture ......Page 446
   What Is Cloud Computing? ......Page 450
   Managing the Cloud ......Page 454
   Service-Oriented Architecture......Page 457
   Web Services ......Page 458
  Designing Internet Systems ......Page 459
   Internet Design Fundamentals ......Page 460
   Site Consistency ......Page 461
   Design Issues Related to Site Management ......Page 463
   Advertising on Pine Valley Furniture’s Webstore ......Page 466
   Designing the Advertising Component ......Page 467
   Designing the Management Reporting Component ......Page 468
  Key Terms......Page 469
  Problems and Exercises......Page 471
  Field Exercises......Page 472
  References......Page 473
  Case Questions......Page 474
Part Five Implementation and Maintenance......Page 476
 An Overview of Part Five......Page 477
  Introduction ......Page 478
  System Implementation ......Page 479
   Deliverables and Outcomes from Coding, Testing, and Installation ......Page 480
  Software Application Testing ......Page 482
   Seven Different Types of Tests ......Page 483
   The Testing Process ......Page 486
   Acceptance Testing by Users ......Page 488
   Direct Installation ......Page 489
   Parallel Installation ......Page 490
   Phased Installation ......Page 491
   Planning Installation ......Page 492
   User Documentation ......Page 493
   Training Information Systems Users ......Page 495
   Supporting Information Systems Users ......Page 496
   Support Issues for the Analyst to Consider ......Page 498
  Organizational Issues in Systems Implementation ......Page 499
   Why Implementation Sometimes Fails ......Page 500
   Security Issues ......Page 502
   Developing Test Cases for the Webstore ......Page 503
   Webstore Installation ......Page 505
  Summary......Page 506
  Key Terms......Page 507
  Problems and Exercises......Page 508
  References......Page 509
  Case Questions......Page 510
  Maintaining Information Systems ......Page 511
   The Process of Maintaining Information Systems ......Page 512
   Deliverables and Outcomes ......Page 513
   Types of Maintenance ......Page 514
   The Cost of Maintenance ......Page 515
   Managing Maintenance ......Page 517
  Website Maintenance ......Page 522
   Cannot Find Server ......Page 524
  Summary......Page 525
  Key Terms......Page 526
  Field Exercises......Page 527
  References......Page 528
Glossary of Terms ......Page 529
Glossary of Acronyms......Page 536
Index ......Page 537