Modern Spanish grammar

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Series-Title......Page 3
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Introduction......Page 18
Glossary......Page 20
Part A Structures......Page 28
1. Pronunciation and Spelling......Page 30
2. Gender and Gender Agreements......Page 38
3. Plurals and Number Agreement......Page 43
4. The Articles......Page 46
5. Adjectives......Page 51
6. Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs......Page 55
7. Numbers......Page 57
8. Personal Pronouns......Page 61
9. Demonstratives......Page 67
10. Possessives......Page 69
11. Relative Pronouns......Page 72
12. Interrogative and Exclamatory Forms......Page 75
13. Indefinite and Negative Pronouns and Adjectives......Page 79
14. Adverbs......Page 82
15. Negation......Page 84
16. Verb Forms......Page 86
17. Use of the Verb Forms......Page 99
18. Use of the Subjunctive......Page 110
19. Sequence of Tense......Page 120
20. Other Forms of the Verb and Their Uses......Page 123
21. Modal Auxiliary Verbs and Expressions......Page 126
22. Ser and Estar......Page 130
23. The Reflexive......Page 135
24. The Passive......Page 139
25. Prepositions......Page 143
26. Complementation......Page 158
27. Conjunctions......Page 168
28. Word Order......Page 172
Part B Functions......Page 176
I Social Contact and Communication Stragegies......Page 178
29. Making Social Contacts......Page 180
30. Basic Strategies for Communication......Page 197
II Giving and Seeking Factutal Information......Page 210
31. Asking Questions and Responding......Page 212
32. Negating......Page 218
33. Reporting......Page 223
34. Asking and Giving Personal Information......Page 231
35. Identifying People, Places and Things......Page 237
36. Describing......Page 239
37. Making Comparisons......Page 246
38. Expressing Existence and Availability......Page 253
39. Expressing Location and Distance......Page 257
40. Expressing Possessive Relations......Page 264
41. Expressing Changes......Page 269
42. Describing Processes and Results......Page 274
43. Expressing Cause, Effect and Purpose......Page 280
III Putting Events into a Wider Context......Page 288
44. Expressing Knowledge......Page 290
45. Remembering and Forgetting......Page 293
46. Expressing Obligation and Duty......Page 299
47. Expressing Needs......Page 303
48. Expressing Possibility and Probability......Page 309
49. Expressing Certainty and Uncertainity......Page 318
50. Expressing Supposition......Page 323
51. Expressing Conditions......Page 326
52. Expressing Contrast or Opposition......Page 333
53. Expressing Capability and Incapability......Page 338
54. Seeking and Giving Permission......Page 341
55. Asking and Giving Opinions......Page 346
56. Expressing Agreement, Disagreement and Indifference......Page 354
IV Expressing Emotional Attitudes......Page 358
57. Expressing Desires and Preferences......Page 360
58. Expressing Likes and Dislikes......Page 367
59. Expressing Surprise......Page 373
60. Expressing Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction......Page 376
61. Expressing Approval and Disapproval......Page 379
62. Expressing Hope......Page 382
63. Expressing Sympathy......Page 385
64. Apologizing and Expressing Forgiveness......Page 389
65. Expressing Fear or Worry......Page 392
66. Expressing Gratitude......Page 397
V The Language of Persuasion......Page 400
67. Giving Advice and Making Suggestions......Page 402
68. Making Requests......Page 408
69. Giving Directions, Instructions and Orders......Page 412
70. Making an Offer or Invitation and Accepting or Declining......Page 417
VI Expressing Temporal Relations......Page 424
71. Talking About the Present......Page 426
72. Talking About the Future......Page 435
73. Talking About the Past......Page 442
Appendix: Table of Common Irregular Verbs......Page 453
Bibliography......Page 459
Index of Words and Topics......Page 460