Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar: A Practical Guide

Book Cover......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Introduction......Page 18
Glossary of grammatical terms......Page 20
Part A: Structures......Page 26
1 Pronunciation and spelling......Page 28
2 Gender and gender agreement......Page 39
3 Number and number agreement......Page 44
4 Articles......Page 49
5 Adjectives and adverbs......Page 55
6 Numbers and numerical expressions......Page 65
7 Personal pronouns......Page 72
8 Demonstratives......Page 87
9 Possessives......Page 92
10 Relative pronouns......Page 97
11 Interrogatives......Page 101
12 Exclamations......Page 108
13 Indefinite adjectives and pronouns......Page 110
14 Negatives......Page 121
15 Regular verb conjugations......Page 126
16 Semi-irregular and irregular verbs......Page 133
17 Gerunds, past participles, compound tenses and the passive......Page 140
18 Use of the tenses......Page 145
19 The infinitive......Page 151
20 The subjunctive......Page 160
21 The imperative......Page 167
22 Reflexive verbs......Page 169
23 Ser, estar and ficar......Page 174
24 Verbs used in auxiliary, modal and impersonal constructions......Page 184
25 Prepositions......Page 193
26 Conjunctions......Page 208
27 Word order......Page 219
28 Word formation......Page 221
Part B: Functions......Page 228
I: Social contact and communication strategies......Page 230
29 Making social contacts......Page 232
30 Basic strategies for communication......Page 249
II: Giving and seeking factual information......Page 260
31 Asking questions and responding......Page 262
32 Negating......Page 268
33 Reporting......Page 270
34 Asking and giving personal information......Page 275
35 Identifying people and things......Page 282
36 Describing......Page 284
37 Making comparisons......Page 292
38 Expressing existence and availability......Page 298
39 Expressing location and distance......Page 302
40 Expressing possessive relations......Page 309
41 Expressing changes......Page 315
42 Expressing cause, effect and purpose......Page 321
III: Putting events into a wider context......Page 330
43 Expressing knowledge......Page 332
44 Remembering and forgetting......Page 336
45 Expressing obligation and duty......Page 343
46 Expressing needs......Page 348
47 Expressing possibility and probability......Page 353
48 Expressing certainty and uncertainty......Page 358
49 Expressing supposition......Page 362
50 Expressing conditions......Page 365
51 Expressing contrast or opposition......Page 371
52 Expressing capability and incapability......Page 376
53 Seeking and giving permission......Page 379
54 Asking and giving opinions......Page 384
55 Expressing agreement, disagreement and indifference......Page 391
IV: Expressing emotional attitudes......Page 396
56 Expressing desires and preferences......Page 398
57 Expressing likes and dislikes......Page 404
58 Expressing surprise......Page 409
59 Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction......Page 411
60 Expressing hope......Page 414
61 Expressing sympathy......Page 417
62 Apologizing and expressing forgiveness......Page 421
63 Expressing fear or worry......Page 424
64 Expressing gratitude......Page 428
V: The language of persuasion......Page 432
65 Giving advice and making suggestions......Page 434
66 Making requests......Page 441
67 Giving directions, instructions and orders......Page 444
68 Making an offer or invitation and accepting or declining......Page 447
VI: Expressing temporal relations......Page 452
69 Talking about the present......Page 454
70 Talking about the future......Page 459
71 Talking about the past......Page 464
Appendix I: Regular verb forms......Page 471
Appendix II: Principal irregular......Page 472
Appendix IV: Verbs with both a regular and an irregular past participle......Page 474
Appendix V: Second person verb forms......Page 475
Bibliography......Page 477
Index......Page 478