Modeling Reactive Systems With Statecharts : The Statemate Approach

Modeling Reactive Systems with Statecharts: The Statemate Approach......Page 1
Preface......Page 3
Note from I-Logix......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
1.1.1 Specification in a System Life Cycle......Page 15
1.1.2 Development Methodologies and Supporting Tools......Page 16
1.2.1 The Nature of Reactive Systems......Page 18
1.2.2 An Example: The Early Warning System......Page 19
1.2.3 Characteristics of Models......Page 20
1.2.4 Modeling Views of Reactive Systems......Page 21
1.2.5 Modeling Heuristics......Page 24
1.3 The Modeling Languages......Page 25
1.3.1 Activity-Charts......Page 26
1.3.2 Statecharts......Page 27
1.3.3 Module-Charts......Page 29
1.3.4 Relationships Between the Languages......Page 31
1.3.5 Handling Large Scale Systems......Page 33
1.4 The STATEMATE Toolset......Page 34
2.1 Functional Description of a System......Page 39
2.1.1 Functional Decomposition......Page 40
2.1.2 Function Based Decomposition......Page 41
2.1.3 Object Based Decomposition......Page 43
2.1.4 System Context......Page 44
2.1.5 The Decomposition Process......Page 45
2.2.1 The Hierarchy of Activities......Page 46
2.2.2 The Context of an Activity......Page 49
2.3.1 Flow-lines......Page 50
2.3.2 Flowing Elements......Page 53
2.3.3 Information-Flows......Page 56
2.3.4 Data-Stores......Page 58
2.4.1 Control Activities......Page 60
2.4.2 Activities in the Data Dictionary......Page 62
2.5.1 Joint Connectors (Fork and Merge Constructs)......Page 65
2.5.2 Junction Connectors......Page 66
2.5.3 Diagram Connectors......Page 68
2.5.4 Compound Flow-Lines......Page 70
3.1 Information Elements in the Model......Page 71
3.2 Events......Page 74
3.3 Conditions......Page 76
3.4.1 Data-Items of Predefined Types......Page 77
3.4.2 Records and Unions......Page 79
3.4.3 Data-Item Structure......Page 81
3.5 User-Defined Types......Page 83
Ch 4. The Behavioral View: Statecharts......Page 87
4.1 Behavioral Description of a System......Page 88
4.2 Basic Features of Statecharts......Page 91
4.3 The Hierarchy of States......Page 95
4.4.1 And-States and Event Broadcasting......Page 99
4.4.2 Conditions and Events Related to States......Page 102
4.4.3 Multi-Level State Decomposition......Page 104
4.5.1 Condition and Switch Connectors......Page 106
4.5.2 Junction Connectors......Page 107
4.5.3 Diagram Connectors......Page 109
4.6.1 Transitions to and from And-States......Page 110
4.6.2 History Entrances......Page 113
Ch 5. The Textual Expression Language......Page 115
5.1.1 Event Expressions......Page 116
5.1.2 Condition Expressions......Page 118
5.1.3 Data-Item Expressions......Page 120
5.1.4 Named Expressions......Page 122
5.2.1 Element Manipulation......Page 125
5.2.2 Compound Actions and Context Variables......Page 129
5.2.3 Iterative Actions......Page 131
5.3.1 Timeout Events......Page 134
5.3.2 Scheduled Actions......Page 135
5.4.1 Reactions on Entering and Exiting a State......Page 136
5.4.2 General Static Reactions......Page 137
Ch 6. The Semantics of Statecharts......Page 141
6.1.1 External Changes and System Reactions......Page 142
6.1.2 The Details of Status and Step......Page 147
6.2.1 Sequentiality and Time Issues......Page 150
6.2.2 Time Schemes......Page 151
6.3.1 Multiple Enabled Transitions......Page 152
6.3.2 Racing......Page 153
Ch 7. Connections Between the Functional and Behavioral Views......Page 155
7.1 Dynamics in the Functional Decomposition......Page 156
7.2.1 Statecharts in the Functional View......Page 159
7.2.2 Termination Type of an Activity......Page 161
7.2.3 Perpetual Activities......Page 162
7.3.1 Starting and Stopping Activities......Page 164
7.3.2 Sensing the Status of Activities......Page 166
7.3.3 Activities Throughout and Within States......Page 167
7.3.4 Suspending and Resuming Activities......Page 169
7.4.1 Reactive Mini-Specs......Page 172
7.4.2 Procedure-Like Mini-Specs......Page 174
7.4.3 Combinational Assignments......Page 176
Ch 8. Communication Between Activities......Page 179
8.1 Communication and Synchronization Issues......Page 180
8.2.1 Elements Related to Flow of Information......Page 182
8.2.2 Interface Between “execution” Components......Page 184
8.3.1 Communication Between Periodic Activities......Page 187
8.3.2 Message Passing......Page 189
8.4.1 Queues and Their Operation......Page 191
8.4.2 The Semantics of Queues......Page 193
8.4.3 Queues in an Activity-Chart......Page 195
8.4.4 Example of Activities Communicating Through Queues......Page 196
8.4.5 An Address of a Queue......Page 198
Ch 9. The Structural View: Module-Charts......Page 201
9.1 Structural Description: High-Level Design......Page 202
9.2 Internal and External Modules......Page 204
9.3.1 Flow of Information Between Modules......Page 207
9.3.2 Physical Links Between Modules......Page 208
9.4 Connectors and Compound Flow- Lines......Page 211
Ch 10. Connections Between the Functional and Structural Views......Page 213
10.1.1 Functional Description of a Module......Page 214
10.1.2 Allocating Activities to Modules......Page 216
10.1.3 Mapping Activities to a Module's Activities......Page 217
10.2 Activity-chart Describing a Module......Page 219
10.3 Activities Implemented by Modules......Page 224
10.4 Activities Associated with a Module's Activities......Page 227
10.5 Object-Oriented Analysis with Module-Charts......Page 229
Ch 11. Splitting Up Charts......Page 233
11.1 Separating a Chart into Multiple Pages......Page 234
11.2 Offpage Charts......Page 237
11.3 Connecting Offpage Charts by Matching Flows......Page 240
11.4 Connecting Offpage Statecharts Using Connectors......Page 245
Ch 12. Putting Things Together......Page 249
12.1 Relationships Between the Three Kinds of Charts......Page 250
12.2 A Chart in a Model......Page 254
12.3 Hierarchy of Charts......Page 255
12.4.1 Environment Modules/Activities......Page 257
12.4.2 Testbenches......Page 259
Ch 13. Scope and Resolution of Elements......Page 263
13.1 Visibility of Elements and Information Hiding......Page 264
13.2 Defining, Referencing and Resolving Elements......Page 266
13.3.1 Referring to Charts and Box Elements......Page 269
13.3.2 Referring to Activities in Statecharts......Page 270
13.3.3 Referring to States in Statecharts......Page 271
13.3.4 External Activities/Modules......Page 272
13.3.5 Referring to Modules and Activities in Activity- Charts......Page 274
13.4.1 Visibility of Textual Elements......Page 276
13.4.2 Naming Textual Elements......Page 277
13.4.3 More About Resolution of Textual Elements......Page 278
13.5 Global Definition Sets (GDS’s)......Page 280
Ch 14. Generic Charts......Page 283
14.1 Reusability of Specification Components......Page 284
14.2.1 Notation and Basic Rules of Generics......Page 286
14.2.2 Generic Charts in the Chart Hierarchy......Page 289
14.3.1 Formal Parameters of a Generic Chart......Page 291
14.3.2 Actual Bindings of Parameters......Page 294
14.4 Referring to Elements In Instances......Page 299
A.1 Names......Page 301
A.1.1 Reserved Words......Page 302
A.1.2 Textual Element Names......Page 305
A.1.3 Box Element Names......Page 306
A.1.4 Names of Elements in Generic Instances......Page 307
A.2.1 Event Expressions......Page 308
A.2.2 Condition Expressions......Page 311
A.2.3 Data-Item Expressions......Page 313
A.2.4 Action Expressions......Page 317
A.2.5 Data-Type Expressions......Page 321
A.3.2 Trigonometric Functions......Page 322
A.3.4 Random Functions......Page 323
A.3.5 Bit-array Functions......Page 324
A.3.6 String Functions......Page 325
A.4 Predefined Constants......Page 326
A.5.4 Combinational Assignments......Page 327
A.6.2 Actual Bindings of Generic Parameters......Page 329
A.7.5 Non-Unique Values......Page 330
A.7.7 Naming Rules......Page 331
A.7.10 Enumerated Values Usage......Page 332
A.7.11 Constant Operators Related to Enumerated Types......Page 333
B.1 Textual Description of the System......Page 335
B.2.1 The Hierarchy of Charts......Page 336
B.2.2 The Charts......Page 337
B.3 The Data Dictionary......Page 341
Appx C. Subroutines......Page 353
C.1 Subroutines......Page 354
C.2 Procedural Statecharts......Page 360
C.3 Action Language Subroutines......Page 362
C.4 Associating Subroutines with Activities......Page 364
C.5 Callbacks......Page 365
C.6 Graphical Functions......Page 367
Appx D. Truth Tables......Page 369
D.1.2 Truth Tables Defining Actions......Page 370
D.1.3 Truth Tables Representing Subroutines......Page 372
D.2 Creating Truth Tables—Overview......Page 373
D.3 Truth Table Format......Page 374
D.4 Special Characters......Page 375
D.5 Input Columns......Page 376
D.6 Output Columns......Page 379
D.8 Default Row......Page 381
D.9 Row Execution......Page 382
D.11 Truth Tables Contents for Subroutines......Page 383
D.12 Micro-Step Execution of Procedure Truth Tables......Page 384
D.13 Execution of Action Truth Tables......Page 385
D.14.1 Factorization of Inputs......Page 386
D.14.2 Factorization of Outputs and Actions......Page 388
E.1 Example......Page 389
E.1.1 Procedure......Page 390
Appx F. References......Page 395
Index......Page 399