Modality in Japanese: The Layered Structure of the Clause and Hierarchies of Functional Categories (Studies in Language Companion Series)

Modality in Japanese......Page 2
Editorial page
......Page 3
Title page
......Page 4
LCC data
......Page 5
Dedication
......Page 6
Table of contents......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 14
List of abbreviations......Page 16
Morpheme boundary symbols (Japanese examples; cf. chapter 9)......Page 18
List of figures......Page 20
List of tables......Page 22
Introduction......Page 24
Modality and the layered structure of the clause......Page 28
2.1 Modality as a grammatical category......Page 30
2.2 Types of modality......Page 32
2.3 The expression of modality......Page 38
2.4 Clausal mood, illocutionary force and illocutionary modulation......Page 41
Modality in Japanese linguistics*......Page 44
3.1.1 Predication and subjectivity......Page 45
3.1.2 From 'predication' to modality......Page 48
3.2.1 The common approach to modality in Japan......Page 50
3.2.2 Other approaches......Page 53
4.1.1 The layered structure of the clause in RRG......Page 56
4.1.2 The layered structure of the clause in FG......Page 58
4.2 Cartography of syntactic structures......Page 59
4.3.1 Previous research......Page 60
4.3.2 Morpheme order and scope in Japanese......Page 68
5.1 Modality and layers of the clause (RRG, FG)......Page 72
5.2 The place of modal categories in syntactic cartography......Page 74
5.3 Evidence for layers and functional hierarchies......Page 75
Modality and layering in Japanese linguistics......Page 78
Summary......Page 82
The modal markers of Japanese – a short description......Page 84
Criteria for the description of modality......Page 86
9.1 Japanese morphological structure......Page 90
9.2 Morphological constraints on morpheme concatenation......Page 93
9.3 Affixes (Modal system I)......Page 94
9.4 Constructions beyond the one-word-phrase (Modal system II)......Page 95
9.5 Verbal mood......Page 97
9.6 Adverbs......Page 98
9.7 Mental predicates......Page 99
10.1 Deontic modality......Page 102
10.1.1 Possibility (permission)......Page 103
10.1.2 Negated possibility (prohibition)......Page 104
10.1.3 Necessity (obligation)......Page 105
10.1.5 Recommendation......Page 108
10.1.6 Inevitability......Page 111
10.1.7 Summary......Page 112
10.2 Boulomaic modality......Page 114
10.2.1 Intention......Page 115
10.2.2 Desire......Page 117
10.2.3 Wishes......Page 118
10.3 Dynamic modality......Page 119
10.4.1 Marking in the verbal complex......Page 122
10.4.1.1 Epistemic necessity......Page 123
10.4.1.2 Epistemic possibility......Page 126
10.4.1.3 'Speculative' daroo......Page 128
10.4.2 Adverbs......Page 131
10.4.3 Mental predicates......Page 133
10.4.4 Scale of likelihood......Page 135
10.5 Evidentials......Page 136
10.5.1 Non-inferential evidentials (reportive rasii, soo(2))......Page 139
10.5.2.1 Yoo/mitai and rasii......Page 140
10.5.2.2 –soo(1)......Page 142
10.5.2.3 Comparison......Page 146
10.6.1 Deontic and epistemic modality......Page 149
10.6.2 Boulomaic and deontic (dynamic) modality......Page 151
10.6.3 Epistemic modality and evidentiality......Page 153
Categories on the periphery of modality......Page 156
11.1 Introduction......Page 158
11.2 Declaratives......Page 160
11.2.1 Does Japanese have a 'suppositive mood'?......Page 161
11.2.2 Counterfactuals......Page 162
11.2.2.1 The epistemic type – Conditional construction with epistemic modal in the consequent......Page 163
11.2.2.2 The volitive/evaluative type I – Conditional construction with evaluative predicate in the consequent......Page 164
11.2.2.3 The volitive/evaluative type II – Non-conditional construction......Page 165
11.2.2.4 Some remaining questions......Page 166
11.3 Interrogatives......Page 168
11.3.1 Requests for confirmation......Page 169
11.3.2 Doubts......Page 170
11.3.3 The 'dubitative' no de wa nai ka......Page 171
11.4.1 Imperatives......Page 173
11.4.2 Prohibitives......Page 176
11.4.3 Hortatives......Page 177
11.6 Subordinate moods......Page 180
Illocutionary modulation......Page 182
'Modality of explanation'......Page 184
Modality and the hierarchy of functional categories – an empirical study......Page 186
14.1 Data and frequencies......Page 188
14.2 Corpus as a method......Page 195
14.3 Principles of analysis......Page 196
15.1 Dynamic modality embedding modality......Page 200
15.2 Boulomaic modality embedding modality......Page 202
15.3 Deontic modality embedding modality......Page 203
15.4 Epistemic modality embedding modality......Page 205
15.5 Evidentiality embedding modality......Page 207
15.6 Mood embedding modality......Page 209
15.7 Layers within modality......Page 210
16.1 Modality and negation......Page 214
16.2 Scope ambiguities......Page 219
16.3 Modality and aspect......Page 221
16.4 Modality and tense......Page 225
16.5 Scope ambiguity between tense and modal morphemes......Page 227
17.1 Modality and nominalization/complementation......Page 234
17.2 Modality and illocutionary modulators......Page 237
Modality embedded in adverbial clauses......Page 240
18.1 Modality in causal clauses......Page 241
18.2 Modality in concessive and adversative clauses......Page 242
18.3 Modality in conditional clauses......Page 244
19.1 Summary of the results......Page 248
19.2 Relating the results to Role-and-Reference Grammar......Page 252
19.3 Relating the results to Functional Grammar......Page 253
19.4 Cartography of syntactic structures......Page 255
19.5 A solution......Page 259
19.6 Rethinking layering and hierarchies of functional categories......Page 266
Collocations......Page 268
20.1 By relevance to modality......Page 270
20.2 By mutual relevance......Page 272
20.3 By raw frequencies......Page 275
20.4 Conclusions......Page 276
References......Page 278
Index......Page 298
Studies in Language Companion Series......Page 302